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SCIENCES 


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ADVISORY COMM 


CHARLES A. BLAKE. 
_ Puivip P. (CALVERT. 


nic Entomologists - 
~ Colle ing in Pennsylvania . 

~ Collecting by Lamplight . . 69, 91 
i P “Doings of Societies 3I, 48, 63, 79 


115, 135 150% 167-. 
= ta ntomology 70, 86, 102, 


57- 
rical Literature 13, 29, 44, 
7, 95, 112, 131, 147, 162. 
nology at Longport, N. J. 142 
cursic ‘to Jamesburg . 94, 111 
>-made Cork .: 12 


‘ter to Editor ay 27 
oD tallic Colors in Insects, nara 
lution of ia o% a? 3 


- and News 10, 26, 4I, 57 74, 
» 110, 128, 145, 160. 


2s from Colorado . 75 

1a) . 146 

phia’s 5 White Pathe II 

»s and Answers 62 

atific Research in Mexico. 41 
carried off by Pompi- 

See . 128, 145 

_ Spider’s Web, ‘balls of 44 

Whistling Trees . . 28 

COLEOPTERA. 

57 

cinclus 58 

. idze of a season . 158 

’ Siautes on 53 

pasty: Sspiculatus 161 

Fond of Grammar 38 

Jewels that are Alive . 28 

_ Notes on Coleoptera . 9, 52 

Notes from the Northwest . 33 


oh the Habits of some Meloini 89 


alone punctatus 12 
— on the N. J. coast 12 
, Ont., Beetles at 43 


INDEX TO VOLUME I. 


DIPTERA. 
- Interesting Method of Egg De- 
position .... . 39 
_ Mosquitoes at Cape May . 128 
Mosquitoes, Exterminating . 76 
s HEMIPTERA. 
Acanthia papistriliain the nests 
of Barn Swallows : 26 
Apple Pest, a new . mee 
Empoasca birdii n. sp. 19 
Metrobates hesperius . ae 6 (0) 


Siphonophora or Nectarophora? 20 
Timothy Bugs . 75 
HYMENOPTERA. 

Aculeate Hymenoptera new to 
Pennsylvania and N. Jersey. 83 

Bombus, notes on . Ae ee, | 

Dolerus arvensis, D. unicolor. 94 


Ichneumon suturalis . SGI 
Inhabitants of a Hickory Nut. 49 
New Hymenoptera 106, 137 
Celioxys dolichos . . 107 
Hoplisus foveolata . . 106 
Miscophus americanus . 138- 
Philanthus eurynome . . 107 
Photopsis Cressoni . 2k, 138 
Sphex (Isodontia) macro- 
cephalus . 137 
Oviposition of itriaion . 139 
Pimpla grapholithe n. sp. 50 
Polybia cubensis in Florida... 93 
@ethiops catching a 
se 128 
mitiiidee carrying off Spiders 145 
Spain Venation 88 
Vespa wulgaris. . . . 161 
W at are the Uses of Bright 
lors in Hymenoptera . 65 
Yucca Insects 75 
| LEPIDOPTERA. 
Actias luna . £,976;.93 
Aletia argillacea . . 154 
Bananas as Bait 93, 129 


ashe) 


ii 


Bite of Caterpillar as Cause of 


Death . 146 
Butterflies found at icipe May’. 6 
Butterflies on Ixtaccihuatl . . 111 
Butterfly bathing . 130 
Cabinet, A new form of . . 126 
Callosamia angulifera . 58, 146 
Canonympha eggs 75 
Charaxes athamas 93 
Coliasinterior’. . 43 
Colias philodice var. ste p 93, 130 
Coloradia pandora, \arva of . 145 
Datana contracta, preparatory 

stages of . 144 
Erebia discoidalis . po eraG 
Erebia epipsodea a: See 
Geographical Variation . 84 
Glanville Fritillary 75 
Gortyna nitella, larva of . 136 
Hesperidz, New African . 155 

Proteides margaritata . 155 

P. iricolor . . 156 

P. laterculus . f . 156 
Hesperidz, North picavicen ar 
Hop Worms. ;? + 
Larve rearing, Somer giperi- 

ences in. 108, 117 
Lepidoptera New to Our Lists. 105 
May Moths in New Hampshire 17 
Neonympha Mitchelli in N. J. . 129 
Notes on Lepidoptera 51 
Papilio macleyanus . 130 
Papilio palamedes . . . Te 
Pamphila Aaronin. sp.. . 6, 128 
Pamphila panoquin . TE 
Phobetron pithecium . : 160 
Random Notes on Lepidoptera 19 
Smerinthus astylus 21 
Swarm of Butterflies . . 10 
Teinopalpus imperialis . 57 
Terias nicippe . . 129 
Tropical species in Plarida . . 153 
What can it be? 124 
Winter Collecting in Florida Sr, 1O1 

NEUROPTERA. 
Dragonflies at Night . . 146 


INDEX. 


List of Maine Dragonflies . 36, 38 
Notes on N. Am. Odonata. . 73 
Virginian Dragonflies . . . 22 
CONTRIBUTORS TO VOL. I. 
Aaron, E. M., . I, 12-15, 23, 29, 30 


Sa » aes 6 
Ballard, Mrs. J. P., . aca. 
Beutenmiiller, W.,. . . 58, 144 
Blake, C. A.., ae 44, 58, 127, 1 136. 
Bunker, R., . 108, 117 
Calvert, P. P.,. . 14, 22, 70, 73, 86, 
102, 119, 140, 157 
Cockerell, T. D. A., 3, 27, 58, 65, 
75) 161 
meeiey, A.B... «>. es ee 
meeason, E. T.,.. 2.) See 
Dyar, H. G., . 105, 160 
Ehrman,G.A., . . . «93, 130 
Fox, W.J., . 83, 93, 106, 137, 145 
meeech, G. H., ... +, See 
Gillette, Prof. C. P., 26, 94, 139, 161 
Goding, F. W., . 123, 129 
Hamilton, Dr. J., 12, 49, 142 
Hill, W.M.,: . ,.; << ee 
Holland, Rev: W. Hy : 155 


Horn, Dr. G. H., 9, 53; is: 99, 160 


eS Re 39 
Kellicott, D. Sy ae ae 
fomes, F.M., . -.- Sg 
Kunze, Dr. R., . aha 
Liebeck, C., . . « 32a tse 
Lugger, Prof.O.,. . . +. + 38 
Lyman, H. H.,. . 146 
Martindale, I. C., a ae 
Peters, E. D. jr., . - = Seas 
Robertson, C., . a 
Slosson, Mrs. A. T., 17, 81, 101 


Skinner, Dr. H., 6, 10, 11, 12, Gis, 
31, 51, 58, 76, 84, 129 
Smith, Prof. J. B., . 
Summers, Prof. H. E.., 
Van Winkle, A. S., 
Wadsworth, Miss M., 
Weed, Dr. C. M., 
Wickham, H. F., : 
Williston, Prof. S. W., 


99, 145 
«280 


a an 


aie 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 


AND 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION, 


ACADEMY NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. 


VOL. I. JANUARY, 1890. No. 1. 
CONTENTS: 
Announcement : 1 | Notes and News : 10 
Cockerell—On. Metallic Colors..........0+. 3 | Entomological Literature..............0..06 13 
Skinner—On Collecting at Cape May... 6 | ExchangeS...cssssecssessssseeresrscesescssvenseess 16 
Horn—Notes on Coleoptera.......sesssseees 9 
ANNOUNCEMENT. 


It has for some time been apparent to Entomologists in this 
country that there was unoccupied room for a journal of Ento- 
mology devoted less to the dry details of descriptive and classi- 
ficatory work and more to the news and gossip which is always of 
interest to entomological workers. The field of descriptive en- 
tomology is already well filled by journals published in Brooklyn, 
N. Y., and London, Ontario; that of economic entomology by 
a government publication at Washington, and the bibliographic 
department has received special attention at Cambridge, Mass. 
None of these journals allude systematically to the important 
work always in progress in Europe and elsewhere, nor do they 
by any means regularly notice such work appearing here from 
time to time. News of this sort is of great value to the student 
of Entomology even if he is near one of the large libraries; to 
those remote from these centres of information it can not fail to 
be of the utmost importance. A journal which will keep ento- 


I 


2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ Jan. 


mologists en rapport with what is being accomplished in serials 
and by monographs at home and abroad, and which will also give 
the items of interesting news concerning explorations and ex- 
plorers, collections and collectors, will, it is believed, win its way 
into the good graces of the insect collecting fraternity. Such a 
journal is only possible where its conductors are in close com- 
munication with the literature of Entomology and the sister 
sciences. Philadelphia, the possessor of the public libraries of 
the Academy of Natural Sciences, the American Entomological 
Society and the American Philosophical Society and several 
private libraries rich in works on special branches of Entomology, 
is generally conceded to occupy a position in this field unrivaled 
in America. 

With this in view the Entomological Section of the Academy 
of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, with the co-operation and 
financial aid of the American Entomological Society, have de- 
cided to publish, beginning with this number, a journal to ap- 
pear about the 1st of each month, July and August excepted, 
under the editorial and advisory direction set forth on the cover. 

Besides such scientific papers as will naturally appear in a journal 
published under these auspices, there will be departments of 
““ Notes and News,’’ ‘‘Queries and Answers,’’ ‘‘ Exchange,”’ 
“* Doings of Societies,’’ etc. Under the first it will be the object 
of its conductors to make ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws deserve its 
name in the widest sense. Under the second, so far as may be 
possible, insects sent for determination will be named by members 
‘of the Section and the results announced therein. The depart- 
ment of ‘‘ Exchange’ will be free to all under reasonable restric- 
tions. And, finally, it will be the aim to give a brief résumé of 
the proceedings of the various Entomological Societies throughout 
the world. : 

With liberal patronage and support from the Entomologists of 
America and elsewhere, it is intended that ENTOMOLOGICAL 
News shall grow into an important factor in every entomolo- 
gist’s work. It will be enlarged, and its scope modified or 
increased, as its readers may seem to demand. This issue will 
give but a faint idea of what it is proposed shall be the scope of 
ENTOMOLOGICAL News. Its conductors will be glad to receive 
from its readers, at any time, criticisms of its work and suggestions 
for its improvement. 


1890. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 3 


Scientific papers, news-notes, reports of societies, etc., are 
needed from all sources to make this journal just what its name 
implies, a compend of entomological news. 


EuGENE M. AARON. 


The Evolution of Metallic Colors in Insects. 


BY T. D. A. COCKERELL. 


Metallic coloring in insects cannot be a very recent develop- 
ment, for we have good evidence that it existed in later Eocene 
or Miocene times, a Chryszs having been discovered in the Flo- 
rissant fossil-beds in Colorado. Nevertheless, probably no one 
would propose that the earliest insects, even of the orders now 
presenting metallic species in abundance were metallic. There 
seems to be a graduated series of colors, following in nearly direct 
sequence, and of these the metallic ones are by no means the 
first, nor do they occur predominatingly on those parts of the 
insect which we might suppose least specialized as regards colors. 

For the present we may consider the Coleoptera and Hymen- 
optera alone, because in color these orders are specially related, 
and form a section apart from all other insects. The primitive 
color is probably ¢esfaceous, with variations to rufous, orange and 
yellow. The legs and under parts are often so colored where the 
upper parts are darker or metallic. Pale legs not unfrequently 
have dark joints, and this may be related to stimuli due to the 
motion of the parts. Pimpla conquisitor well illustrates the dark- 
ening about the joints, as well as the difference between the color 
of legs and-body. Sometimes, however, these conditions are 
reversed, as in pio coloradensis, which is a reddish orange species 
with the legs mainly black. 

From testaceous there is variation to dark brown of various 
shades—rufous-brown and black. It has been noticed how often 
phytophagous, and especially wood-eating beetles are brown, and 
there is good reason to suppose that tannin has influenced their 
color. Mr. Slater (Ent. Mo. Mag. 1887, p. 72) remarks on the 
presence of tannin in the tissues of phytophagous beetles, and M. 
Villon (Atheneum, 1887, p. 787) found tannin in corn-weevils. 
The non-metallic series of colors, then is something like this : 


4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ Jan. 


pale rufous, testaceous, orange or yellow,* through browns and 
rufous-browns to dark brown and black. The body is often darker 
than the legs, and the elytra of beetles are often darker than the 


thorax, though the reverse of this latter condition occurs in Coc- 


cinella, Lacnea, Dermestes, etc. 

Metallic colors seem to have their beginning at either end of 
the series, but it would seem that, whereas testaceous insects vary 
to metallic yellows and yellowish greens, black insects vary to blue. 
If black is highest in the non-metallic series, so we might expect 
that blue, to which it varies, would be higher than yellow or green 
in the metallic series, and this, I believe, is precisely the case. 
Harpalus eneus is sometimes dull and sometimes metallic green, 
or coppery. The green form, being the commonest, is regarded 
as the type, but no doubt the dull variety is the oldest, and the 
green the newest, or highest. The dull forms, then, are atavisms. 
The same sort of thing occurs in Meligethes rufipes, and a speci- 
men was even found (Ent. Mo. Mag. 1885, p. 217) with one ely- 
tron dull reddish, and the other with a slight greenish metallic 
tinge. This case of partial or unilateral atavism is not unique. 
I have recorded a parallel case, though not relating to metallic 
colors, in Dermestes fasciatus (Entom. 1889, p. 119). 

Trirhabda convergens has a variety which I call vivescens, 
common at West Cliff, Col., in which the elytra, except a yellow 
costal or outer border, are rather dull metallic green. Here we 
see the tendency of the edges of the elytra to keep the original 
color, a very common thing with many beetles, and often a fixed 
specific character. 

Dark species in the genus Lougifarsus sometimes tend to be- 
come bronzed. Cvrepidodera longula, as described by Dr. Horn, 
is rufo-testaceous, with a greenish lustre. These are the beginnings 
of metallic colors at the lower end of the series. The paler the 


non-metallic form, the yellower its metallic variety, and herel am ~ 


assuming that all metallic forms were once varieties. 

In Haltica we have beautiful series of variations and changes 
from metallic golden to blue. From the distribution given 
by Dr. Horn (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1889, p. 219, ef seg.) it 
would appear that golden, green and bronzy forms are more 


* And the yellow varying and changing, as it does throughout organic 
nature, to scarlet, but this is beside our present purpose. 


cenit ath teen: el At aianetenaiiee teaming: 


aes 
= eer: 
Bae 
3 
1890. | _ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 5 
\p e - 
E prevalent in the mountains and to the north, while blue is a south- 
‘ern characteristic. This, however, isnot an invariable rule. In 


iy Hi. ignita there is a regular geographical sequence southward from 
ft" golden through green to blue. The cupreous and greenish varie- 
ties of H. chalybea mentioned by Dr. Horn I regard as atavisms. 
Here, though, it becomes necessary to define one’s notion of 
atavism. Commonly, it is said to be reversion to the state of an 
ancient progenitor. Some confine it to the development of half- 
forgotten rudiments, but to me this seems an unwise restriction. 

To me there are two fundamentally different kinds of atavism : 

_ (1) Due to the development of structures now obsolete. 

e- (2) Due to arrest of development and consequent resemblance 

- to a less-developed or differentiated ancestor. 

The first class is due to abnormal development, the second to 
abnormal arrest of development—two very different things. . Our 
atavistic green Haltica chalybea clearly belongs to the second 
division. The first division is exemplified in a horse that develops 

_ extra toes. 

Mr. T. H. Hall gives me a list of his varieties of Donacia 
sericea. The females are coppery, brassy and green. The males 
are green, violet and purple. Here we see in the female the older 
type of coloration to what obtains in some butterflies and other 
insects. 

At Chislehurst, in England, I collected two species of metallic 
Chrysomele. C. gettingensis, which lived concealed at the roots 
of herbage, was dark blue. C. hyperic’, on Hypericum, and 
more exposed, is green. Here seems protective adaptation to 
circumstances ; or perhaps we may say that C. hyperici would 
have developed in time to blue, but natural selection prevented it. 
C. gettingensis has beautifully pink wings, but these need not be 
considered in the present connection. 

Dr. Hamilton found a variety of Calosoma wilcoxi, varying 
from its normal green and golden to purple-black, with the mar- 
gins of thorax and elytra purple-blue. Possibly this was a token 
of the future color of C. welcoxi. In Carabus we have C. nitens 
with something the color of Cad. wilcoxi, and the coloring of 
Dr. Hamilton’s variety is a permanent institution in C. véolaceus. 
A. Bergé found he could actually manipulate these color changes 
in Carabus by chemical means, and produce certain “ varieties’’ 
at will. 


8 LK pe EN mF: 


6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. , [ Jan. 


Metallic-blue grades into black. Pecilus mauritanicus looks 
black, but shines a brilliant blue-green. Perilampus cyaneus is 
blue, but P. Aya/inus, in the same genus, is black. 

Perhaps a still higher development in the metallic series is crim- 
son. This color appears prominently in some lovely species of 
the genus Chrysis in Europe, especially the common C. ignifa. 
In America nearly all the species of Chrysis are blue or green, 
but C. martia has the abdomen crimson. This preponderance 
of green and blue in American Chrysides is in accordance with 
the not-rarely observed fact that where a genus is common to 
Europe and America, the American forms are the oldest. But 
in Cantharis, the common European species is green, while in 
America we see crimson appearing on the elytra; the thorax, as 
in Chrysis, remaining green. 

WEsT CLIFF, CUSTER Co., CoL., Dec. 9, 1889. 


Ly) 
Vv 


Notes on Butterflies found at Cape May, N. J., with 
description of a new species of Pamphila. 


BY HENRY SKINNER, M. D. 


Pamphila Aaroni n. sp.—Antenne, head, thorax and abdo- 
men very dark brown, almost black. Primaries above tawny with 
blackish brown border about one-eighth inch in width. The base 
of the wing is shaded a darker color by the same dusky scales. 
The nerves of the primaries are not defined by the dark color as 
in hobomok. The tawny middle area of the wings is darker and 
more fiery than in the latter. The discal bar or dash is black and 
very distinct and well defined, although quite small in most of the 
specimens; running from this obliquely toward the body to the 
interior margin is a broken, very faint line. Secondaries are a 
practical reproduction of the primaries, the only difference being 
that the dark border encircles the entire wing, but is narrower 
on the anterior margin, and the neuration is well defined. 

Underside.—Extending from the thorax into the wing for about 
one-eighth inch and covering only the lower half of the base is a 
sharply defined black spot, which has a pointed projection ex- 
tending into the third median interspace. The middle area of 
the wing is tawny, but some shades lighter than the upperside. 
The border is about the same width as above along the lower half 


1890. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 7 


of the exterior margin, but widens considerably as it approaches 
the apex; this border and the immaculate secondaries are of a 
light cinnamon-brown color. There is a brownish black streak 
running along the interior margin of underside of primaries. 
The female is larger and the colors of a lighter shade and not as 
well defined as in the male. On the upperside it resembles ?. 
hobomok, and beneath P. delaware, except in color. Largest 
specimen 9 expands 1¥% inch. and the smallest $ 1 inch. De- 
scribed from 7 8 $ 1 9. It is no more than proper that Mr. 
Aaron should have one of his pets called after him, thus the name 
emanated. The specimens were found in company with P. pano- 
quin, feeding on the flowers of Statice limonium var. America- 
num, which grows in the salt meadows, but was quite rare and 
exceedingly wild and difficult to capture, making off in a straight 
line when any movement was made near it. The seven specimens 
represented about ten days careful collecting. 


THE LIMITED RANGE OF SATYRUS ALOPE. 


Without having given the subject any thought or study I had 
been under the impression that the greater number of species of 
butterflies had no fixed abode or dwelling-place, but were prac- 
tically unrestricted in their range, going here, there and every- 
where in search of food or pleasure. While on a tramp one day 
and only incidentally looking for insects, not having my net with 
me, I saw fluttering in and around a small clump of holly bushes a 
beautiful specimen of Satyrus alope, which evidently had only 
been a short time from the chrysalis; it alighted, and I endeav- 
ored to secure it by taking hold of the tips of the wings between 
the thumb and index finger, when it violently flapped them and 
left the tips as a souvenir. This spot and its neighborhood 
proved an excellent collecting-ground, and I subsequently visited 
it frequently, and each time saw the same a/ofe in the same clump 
of bushes. I saw other specimens of the same species here 
which I learned to recognize from peculiarities in the way they 
were rubbed, etc., as most of the specimens at this time were 
badly flown. I made this species the subject of some study at 
the time, and came to the conclusion that it undergoes its trans- 
formations and lives its entire life in a very restricted area. A 
form with one ocellus is found at Cape May, which Mr. Edwards 
thinks is not pega/a, but a variety of alope. 


8 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ Jan. 


EGG-LAYING OF TERIAS LISA. 


The female Zerias /isa deposits its eggs in a very systematic 
and uniform manner. It moves about in a fluttering way so 
characteristic of butterflies when ovipositing, and lights on. the 
tip of the leaf Cassia nictitans, facing toward the stalk of the 
plant and walks up the leat until the end of the abdomen is mid- 
way between the end of the leaf and its junction with the main 
stem and then deposits the egg on the upperside of the stem or 
mid-rib that runs between the leaflets. It moves with great care 
and precision, as though such nicety were very necessary. The 
egg is thus placed at what might be called the exact centre of the 
leaf. There seems undoubtedly to be design in this, as the eggs 
are exceedingly frail and delicate, and if deposited on the leaflets 


they would probably be injured or crushed when they close up 


tight at night. I did not notice whether the eggs were placed 
between the junctures of two sets of leaflets on either side, but I 
think such was the case. When the females are confined over 
the plant the eggs are scattered about indiscriminately either on 
the Cassia, or anything else near it. They were found oviposit- 
ing here in the last week of August, and at Westville, N. J., in 
September. 


THE FIRST STAGES OF PAMPHILA PANOQUIN. 


August 22d, Pamphila panoguin was exceedingly abundant on 
the meadows flying about and feeding on the flowers of Statice. 
They were fine, bright specimens. This species does not seem to 
have as much of the jerky flight as most species of the genus, 
but flies generally in a straight line. It is readily caught when 
feeding on the blue flowers, which attract it greatly, but when in 
the net is exasperatingly restless, and usually manages to denude 
its thorax of hair. A female deposited a few eggs in the paper in 


which it was confined, not having been pinched hard enough to — 


cause immediate death. One hatched August 27th, and the 


young larva was about one-eighth inch in length and was different ~ 


from any Hesperid larva I had ever seen in being cream-white in 
color. Under the microscope it showed six or eight small point- 
like warts on each segment. The head was of a light coffee color 
darker toward the front. It entirely devoured the egg shell. 
The eggs were of the usual form in the genus and of a pale greenish 
white color. I tried to rear it on lawn grass, which it absolutely 


5 en, 


1890. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | 9 + 


refused to eat, and thus suicided. The remaining eggs I sent to 
Mr. W. H. Edwards, but they failed to hatch. The female pano- 
qguin differs from the other sex in being larger, several shades 
darker in color, and in having the maculations on the superior 
wings much more sharply defined and brighter in color. There 
is a prominent light colored streak on the inferiors nearly one- 
quarter inch in length, which is either wanting or only indicated 
in the male. 

A colony of full grown Junonia cenia larve were found feeding 
on Gerardia tenutfolium, which, as far as I know, is a new food- 
plant for the species. 


vat 
Vv 


NOTES ON COLEOPTERA. 


BY GEO. H. HORN, M. D. 


From the remarks of Mr. Fauvel (Revue Ent. 1889, p. 142) it 
is evident that two species of Cryptohypnus have been confounded 
under one name by many of the Coleopterists of Europe, notably 
by Dr. Candéze, whose work has been accepted as authority on 
the family ELATERID#@ for many years. It is pardonable in 
students on this side of the Atlantic if they are found guilty of 
an error due to, or rather copied from, those who should be final 
authority on the species of the fauna around their own homes. 


€. pulchellus Linn., exiguus Rand., guttatulus Mels. 


The above line appears in Dr. Hamilton’s paper on the Cole- 
optera of the sub-arctic regions common to both hemispheres. 

From the remarks of Fauvel two species have been confounded 
under pulchellus, which have a great superficial similarity ; these 
are: 

C. pulchellus Linn.—Thorax with posterior angles sinuate, di- 
vergent and acute at the apex, the strize of the elytra obsolete at 
the tip. 

C. sabulicola Boh.—Thorax with posterior angles arcuate, 
rather incurved, obtuse at apex, elytra deeply striate, the inter- 
vals subcostiform. : 

Any one who will read the descriptions of Randall and Mels- 
heimer, which are remarkably good, will see that we have in our 
fauna pulchellus as described by Fauvel. 


10 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ Jan. 


C. guadripunctatus Fab., does not occur in our fauna, although 
we have a representative species in perflexus Horn, which has a 
longer thorax and the humeral elytral spots only. 

C. dermestoides Hbst. var. guadriguttatus Lap.—This species: 
is now for the first time recorded in our fauna. It is a small 
species, thorax rugulose, especially in front; median line smooth, 
but linear. Elytra with four yellow spots, one on each humeral 
angle, the other on the middle line of the elytra near the apex. 

Specimens are in my cabinet from Nova Scotia, Maryland 
(Lugger) and Washington, D. C. (Ulke). 

The true dermestoides has no elytral spots, or very faint indi- 
cations of them. Three such specimens are known to me from 
Nevada, northern California and Los Angeles. On the other 
hand three specimens from the State of Washington are interme- 
diate in the fact of having a well-marked apical spot but no 
humeral. 

C. riparius Fab., is said, by Candéze, to occur in our polar 
regions. He does not state his grounds for this and the species 
has not been recognized by us. 


Notes and News. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS 
OF THE GLOBE. 


[The Conductors of ENTOoMOLoGICcAL News solicit, and will thankfully receive items 
of news, likely to interest its readers, from any source. The author’s name will be given 
in each case ‘cr the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] 


a 


A Roya. ENTomo_Locist.—Recently the Grand Duke Nicholas, of 
Russia, was elected a corresponding member of the Acad. Nat. Sci. of 
Philadelphia, in recognition of his services to Entomology. He is one 
of the few men of science of royal rank, and is editor and part writer of 
one of the finest works of recent years on Lepidoptera. The work was 
commenced in 1884, and at present consists of five handsome volumes, 
the last published recently. They are profusely illustrated in the most 
sumptuous manner by the best artists of Europe. He has sent out several 
collecting expeditions under a guard of Cossacks, which turned up many 
new and rare species. The work is entitled ‘‘ Memoirs sur les Lepidop- 
teres rediges,’’ par N. M. Romanoff (Grand Duke Nicholas), of St. Peters- 
bourg. The first article is ‘‘ Les Lepidopteres de la Transcaucasie,”’ by 


1890. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. II 


N. M. Romanoff, and is continued in the succeeding volumes. He has a 

collection of Lepidoptera, and has corresponded and exchanged with Dr. 

Strecker, of Reading, who has received many finé specimens from him. 
H. SKINNER. 


PHILADELPHIA’s “‘ WHITE PasHa.’’—Dr. W. L. Abbott, an ornithologist 
and entomologist, well known in Philadelphia, is making quite a reputation 
in East Central Africa as an explorer and naturalist. Before leaving this 
- country he presented his fine collection of birds to the Philadelphia Acad- 
-emy. He also possessed a fine collection of Lepidoptera, mostly local 
species. Dr. Abbott is a life member of the Academy of Natural Sciences, 
a graduate of the Towne Scientific School and the Medical Department 
of the University of Pennsylvania, and member of the Royal College of 
Physicians and Surgeons of England. He collected birds in the far West 
in 1881, and birds and insects in Hayti in 1883, and presented the latter to 


_ the American Entomological Society; among these was a new species of 


_ Anartia and other rarities. He was with Herr Ehlers, who recently 
made the first successful ascent of Mt. Kilmanjaro, the highest mountain 
in Africa. Dr. Abbott did not reach the summit, but broke down at 17,000 
feet with heart dilatation, as he was convalescing from the African fever. 
More birds have been collected by him than by any one who has visited 
the Kilmanjaro region (550 species). At last accounts Dr. Abbott was 
preparing a large expedition into Masai land. Stevens, the round-the- 
world bicyclist, alludes to him quite frequently in his letters to the New 
York World. He describes the natives as singing his praises as follows : 

“Our Wanyamwezi, marching together in the same regular order as 
yesterday, struck up a vociferous and truly African refrain, while the rest 
of the caravan sung the chorus. No matter’ how hot the day or how tired 
his limbs, the porter seems always ready to split his throat in singing and 
shouting. For this or for dancing he seldom gets too tired. The Wan- 
yamwezi are noted shouters. They commenced a song in praise of the 

white man, and-many joined in heartily. 

“Great is the mzunger! Woh! woh!” sung the melodists from the 
Land of the Moon. 

_ “Woh! woh! woh! the Mzu-u-gu-u-u! woh!’ chorused the caravan. 

“The Mzungu is great! woh!” 

“Woh! woh! woh! the Mzu-u-g-u-u! woh!” . 

“Great is the Merikain! (Dr. Abbott, who is widely known by that 
proud title among the natives of East Central Africa) woh !”” 

“Woh! woh! woh! the Merikain, woh!” 

*‘Our food is rice and fish! woh!” 

‘Woh! woh! woh! rice and fish !”’ 

*‘Woh! our food is rice and fish !”’ 

‘Great is the Mzungu! woh!” 

“Woh ! woh! woh! the Mzungu woh!” 

‘“ He gives us rupees! rupees !’’ 

“Woh! woh! woh! he gives us rupees! rupees! woh !’,—H. SKINNER. 


12 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ Jan. 


PHyToNomus Punctatus FaB.—The appearance of this weevil in this 
vicinity for the first time and in numbers, is one of the remarkable inci- 
dents in Coleoptera occurring during the year just ended. The first speci- 
mens were taken about the first week in May and the last the early part of 
November. At irregular intervals itappeared very abundantly, and but few 
days passed without at least one or two specimens being observed. It is 
singular that, when this insect makes its appearance in any locality, it is 
always in numbers. Mr. Reinecke, of Buffalo, in August, 1884, recorded 
an invasion of this species at that place, in the Buffalo Freie Presse, 
which was reprinted in the ‘‘ Brooklyn Bulletin’? of September, 1884. . 

Ne er CHARLES LIEBECK. 


A Cocoanut Pest.—The United States Consul at Santiago de Cuba 
has made a report to the Secretary of State in regard to a mysterious 
disease prevailing in that country which at one time threatened to anni- 
hilate all the plantations producing cocoanuts for market and export. 
Small shipments of cocoanuts are constantly leaving Santiago for the 
United States, and the Consul says he has sought to discover the origin 
of the disease which has affected them. Opinions of scientists differ as to _ 
the cause and nature of the disease. The Consul says that it has been at 
last definitely ascertained that the destroyer of the cocoanut tree is an 
insect of diminutive size, barely visible to the naked eye, and probably a 
Coccid. Prof. Gundlach, of Havana, recommends that all cocoanuts re- 
ceived in the United States be dipped into boiling water upon arrival, and 
that the bags they are shipped in be destroyed. E. M. AARON. 


EREBIA EPIPSODEA var. Sine-ocellata described in Can. Ent. Dec., 89, 
p. 239, by Dr. Henry Skinner, the author informs us, is probably a synonym 
of Epipsodea var. Brucei described in a few words by Mr. Elwes, 
Trans. Ent. Soc., London, June, 1889, p. 326. The latter description 
is as follows: ‘‘minor absque ocellis fascia rufa fere obsoleta,”’ habitat 
Summit County, Colorado, 12,000 feet altitude. It is but justice to Dr. 
Skinner to state that his description was in the hands of the editor of the 
“Canadian Entomologist’’ at least six weeks before Mr. Elwes’ descrip- 
tion was received at the libraries in Philadelphia. E. M. AARON. 


HOME-MADE Cork.—Mr. F. M. Jones, of Wilmington, Del., describes 
a very good lining for insect boxes as follows: ‘‘I made a rough wooden 
press and procured about a barrel of the fine cork which white grapes are 
packed in, mixed it with weak glue and pressed it into sheets between 
white paper. The sheets when pressed must be about three-eighths of an 
inch thick to turn out properly. It answers very well and costs almost 
nothing.’’ H. SKINNER. 


RARE BEETLES ON THE NEW JERSEY COAST.—Among many good things 
taken on Brigantine Beach, N. J., just after the September storm, by which 
the whole island, except a few of the coast sandhills, was submerged, may 
be specially noticed : 


=< 


crn ae: 


5 I 
1890. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 3 


Cafius sericeus Holme, two 2 examples. This fixes an American lo- 
cality for and decides in favor of the successful colonization of this Euro- 
pean species. It appears slender and delicate compared with the abundant 

Cryptobium pusillum Lec., two examples, f and Q, .25 inch. long. The 
only specimen seen by Dr. Horn, when preparing his Cypéobium paper, 
was the type in the LeConte collection, a <j‘ from the sea-shore of Long 
Island. N. Y. The last ventral segment of the ¢' has a parallel notch 
from apex to base, and a contiguous depression on the apex of the pre- 
ceding, as if nature had intended to continue the slit ; the last ventral of 
the @ is rounded. 

Cryptobium lugubre Lec., three examples, unfortunately 2. Having 
been described from Florida, it is mentioned here to record the locality. 

Quedius brunneus Mann., and Actobius nanus Horn, were taken in some 
abundance. The Coleoptera were for a time very much concentrated, 
taking refuge under the trash swept up around the sandhills. The New 
Jersey coast is rich in small Coleoptera, apparently neglected by neigh- 
boring collectors, or at least unrecorded. Joun HAMILTON. 


Entomological Literature. 


BULLETINS OF THE ILLINOIS STATE LABORATORY OF NATURAL His- 
tory, Vol. III. 

Article V.—A Descriptive Catalogue of the Phalangiine of Illinois by 
Clarence M. Weed, M. Sc. Ina pamphlet of 20 pp. the author tabulates 
the genera Liobunum, Oligolophus and Phalangium, describing in them 
eight, one, and one species respectively. Three figures are given in the 
text. Z. elegans and L. politus are described as new. 

Article VI.—A partial Bibliography of the Phalangiine of N. America, 
by the same author, enumerates the general articles and follows with a 
reference list of the species. Students of this little-known group. so com- 
monly called ‘‘ daddy-long-legs,”’ will find these papers invaluable guides. 

E. M. A. 


MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. Bulletin No. 5, July, 1889. 
Household Pests, by Charles H. Fernald, 10 pp. 6 wood-cuts [Dec., 1889.] 
Carpet beetles, clothes moths. ants and bacon beetles are treated of and 
their habits and remedies described in a way that renders the author’s 
meaning clear to any reader.—E. M. A. 

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION OF MINNESOTA. Bulletin No. 
8, July, 1889. Zhe Rocky Mountain Locusts in Otter Tail County, Minn., 
in 1889. [Otto Lugger, Ph. D.] 20 pp., 9 cuts, 2 plates, 53 figures [Dec., 
1889.] A very full inquiry into the cause, effects and prevention of this 
visitation for the past season.—E. M. A. 


14 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ Jan. 


CANADIAN Entomocoaist, Vol. XXI, No. 12, Dec. [14,] 1889, “mailed 
December 7th,’’ contains the following : “ Preparatory stages of Lepfarctia 
Californie Walker, with notes on the genus,”’ by G. H. French (con- 
tinued from p. 213, November). Eleven excellent wood-cuts accompany 
the text, illustrative of the varieties Strechii, Boisduvalii, Dimidiata, 
Albifascia, Occidentalis, Latifasciata, Fulvofasciata, California, Wrightii, 
Decia and Lena. ‘‘ The Noctuidz of North America and Europe com- 
pared.’’ Fourth paper by A. R. Grote, A. M. The tribes Arzamini, 
Nonagriini, Scolecampini and Caradrini are treated of. ‘*‘The North 
American Callimorphas,’”’ by H. H. Lyman. A reply to Prof. Smith, Mr. 
Grote, et al. ‘‘On the Predatory Habits of Chetopsis enea (Wied.),” 
by Rev. T. W. Fyles. ‘‘ Preparatory stages of Pyrameis carye Hiibner,” 
by H. G. Dyar. ‘‘ Butterflies at Qu’Appelle, Assa,” by Henry Skinner, — 
M.D. Zrebia Sine-ocellata nov. var. of Epipsodea is described. “A 
Rare Moth,” [Zrebus zenobia,| by A. H. Kilman. Records its capture in 
Ontario.—E. M..A. 


A REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY LIBELLULIN2 WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF 
New GENERA AND SPECIES by W. F. Kirby (Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 
xii, pp. 249-348, Plates LI—LVII, August, 1889), is undoubtedly the most 
important work on this group that has appeared since the publication of 
Dr. F. Brauer’s ‘‘ Verzeichniss der bis jetzt bekannten Neuropteren im 
Sinne Linné’s (Verhdl. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, xviii, pp. 359-416, 711- 
742), in 1868. 

This revision is based on the material in the British Museum. The sub- 
family is divided into 88 genera, 40 of which are now proposed for the 
first time. In characterizing genera, Mr. Kirby has “selected the neura- 
tion as on the whole the most satisfactory guide.’ A general description 
of the characters made use of, and an analytical table of the genera pre- 
cede the detailed descriptions of the genera. Fifty-three new species are 
described, mostly from South America. The plates are excellent and of 
great service to the text. A number of changes in the names of nerves 
of the wings are introduced. 

It is to be regretted that Mr. Kirby, in common with other British ento- 
mologists of late years, has retained Newman’s names —Sympetrum, Or- 
thetrum and Leptetrum. Both Dr. Hagen and Baron de Selys-Long- 
champs are now agreed that it is best to reject these terms. 

As a student of the OponatTA, the writer could wish that a complete 
list of the species under each genus had been included in this work, al- 
though this would have called for much additional labor. Perhaps Mr. 
Kirby will yet favor us with such a list.--P. P. CALVERT. 

THE ANNALS AND MAGAZINE oF NATURAL History December, 1889. 
This number contains the following articles of interest to entomologists : 

“Notes made during the summer of 1887 on the effect of offering vari- 
ous Insects, Larve and Pupz to Birds,” by Arthur G. Butler, F. L. S., 
etc. After replying to certain criticisms made by Mr. Poulton, in a former 
number of the ‘“‘ Magazine of Natural History,” the author gives the re- 


ah 


+ 


1890. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 15 


sult of very many experiments, made from August 16th to October sth, 
principally with caterpillars that were offered to the Missel-thrush, Night- 
ingale, Starling, Chaffinch, Rose-finch, Siskin, Waxbill, Skylark, Indigo- 
finch, Sedge-warbler, Blackbird, Bulbul, Wryneck, Canary, Weaver-bird, 
and several other birds. As a summary of these experiments he con- 
cludes: “It is noteworthy, from an examination of the above records 
that no insect in any stage, excepting the red-tailed bumble-bee (which, 
by the way, I only offered to the Missel-thrush) was rejected by all my 
birds ; those insects which were refused by certain species were eagerly 
devoured by others, so that it was impossible to conclude that any of them 
enjoyed perfect immunity from destruction. In the second place, so far 
from my birds learning by experience to reject with scorn that which they 
had proved to be unpalatable, I found that in some instances they seemed 
to acquire a taste for larve previously refused. Birds are very intelligent, 
but their memories are ridiculously short.’’ “A new species of Rhax,”’ 
[ Rhax semifiava, from the Punjab] by R. I. Pocock. ‘‘ A new species of 
Glomeris from Borneo,” [ Glomeris concolor] by R. 1. Pocock. ‘‘ On the 
Parasitic Castration of the TypHLocyB& by a Hymenopterous Larva 
(Aphelopus melaleucus Dalm.) and by a Dipterous Larva (A/éelenevra 
spuria Meig.),” by M. A. Giard [A translation from Comptes. Rendus, 
Nov. 4, 1889, p. 708.] 


THE ENTOMOLOGIST’s MONTHLY MAGAZINE, December, 1889.--This 
number contains the following : ‘‘ 7ri/urcula paliidel/a in the Isle of Pur- 
beck,” by Eustace R. Bankes. ‘‘ Remarks on Mr. James Edwards’ list of 
Norfolk Hemiptera,”’ by Edward Saunders. ‘‘Second Supplement to 
Annotated List of British ANTHOMyIID#,”’ by R. H. Meade [Aydrotee- 
Pegomyia.| ‘Synopsis of the British Orthoptera,’’? by Eland Shaw [ Pa- 
chytylus-Tettix.| ‘The usual amount of collecting notes of local interest 
are given space, and notes on ‘“‘ breeding Detlephila galii;’ the wood- 
pecker, ‘‘a destroyer of larve of 7enzera Aésculi;” the foods of Boarmia 
trhomboidaria, Gcophora stipella and Lygus viscicola ; and the bite of 
Nabis limbatus. Reports of the proceedings of the Birmingham Ento- 
mological Society, the South London Ent. and N. H. Soc., and the Ent. 
Soc. of London, are followed by 27 pp. of table of contents and index. 

E. M. A. 

JOURNAL OF THE AsIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, Vol. LVIII, Part II, 
Nos. I and II [Issued May-September, 1889;’’ received Philadelphia, Dec. 
21, 1889] contains “A new species and genus of Coccip#,”’ [Pseudopul- 
vinaria Sikkimensis] by E. T. Atkinson; Plate I, 14 figures. ‘‘ Notes on 
Indian Rhyncota ; Heteroptera, No. 5,’’ by E. T. Atkinson; 149 species 
-are described, one species, AZicrodeuterus Dallasi, being new. ‘‘ Notes 
on Assam Butterflies,” by Wm. Doherty; Plate X, colored figures of 8 
species; 5new. A classification of Zuthalia and allies is proposed, based 
on the costal vein of the forewing. This paper contains much of interest 
‘to the student of this suborder. “‘ Definitions of three new Homoptera,”’ 
{Local species of the genus /diocerus] by E. T. Atkinson.—E. M. A. 


16 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ Jan. 
Exchanges. 


[Entomologists are invited to make free use of this page for the purpose of bringing 
their duplicates and desiderata before the insect-collecting world. Cards of four lines, 
with four changes per year, will be allowed without charge. Beyond that, insertions will 
be charged at regular advertising rates.] 


’& 
or 


North American botanical specimens offered in exchange for butterflies 
and moths—I. C. Martindale, Camden, N. J. < 


The LepiporTera of the world offered in exchange for North American 
MACROLEPIDOPTERA.—Henry Skinner, 716 North 20th St., Philada., Pa. 


LEPIDOPTERA. Cocoons of hybrids, ex Ceanothi et Cecropia; also 
Gloveri et Cecropia, besides set specimens of North American species. 
Lists exchanged.—Emily L. Morton, Newburgh, N. Y.—New Windsor 
Delivery. 


HESPERID# of the world desired in exchange for the same and other 
rare butterflies. Good cash prices for rare species. Correspondence 
solicited.—E. M. Aaron, Academy Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa. 


AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA, especially from West and North desired for 
purchase or exchange.—H., J. Elwes, Preston, Cirencester, England. 


HEMIPTERA desired in exchange, especially in HomopTERA, either 
named or unnamed. Correspondence solicited.—E. P. Van Duzee, Gros- 
venor Library, New York. 


A limited number of Neonympha Mitcheliii French, n. sp., for exchange. 
Send lists to Irving N. Mitchell, Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. 


PAMPHILA AND CaTocaLa. Good value in cash or exchange for perfect 
specimens.—Philip Laurent, 1306 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. 


Dragonflies (Cdonata) wanted from all parts of the world. State what 
is desired in return.—Ph. P. Calvert, Entom. Section, Acad. Nat. ae. 7 


19th and Race Sts. » Philadelphia, Pa. 


The undersigned would be pleased to hear from any one interested in 
the collection and study of Coleoptera of North America, either to corre- 
spond or exchange specimens. Will collect all orders in this vicinity and 
exchange for Coleoptera of other localities.—Charles Liebeck, Entomo- 
logical Section Acad. Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 


AND 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION, 


ACADEMY NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. 


VOL. I. FEBRUARY, 18go. No. 2. 
CONTENTS: 

Slosson—May Moths........ccsse-csssseecseeee 17 | Aaron—N. American Hesperidz.......... 23 

Skinner—Random Notes.......s0e-seseeeese 19 | NOTCH AMES WS i.e. elses. cet. c ied cesenesocee 26 

Weed—Siphonophora or Nectarophora? 20 | Entomological Literature... 29 

Jones—Notes on Smerinthus Astylus... 21 | DOINGS OF Societies... 2.05. ..csccccsceesecstene  3¥ 

Calvert—Virginian Dragonflies............ 22 


May Moths in Northern New Hampshire. 
eas BY ANNIE TRUMBULL SLOSSON. 


_ Few entomologists. seem:to know much of the early spring in 
Northern New England and its opportunities for collecting. For 


the last two or three years I have gone to Franconia, N. H., on 


or before the middle of May. In an ordinary season the snow at 
that date still lies in the woods, and the mountains often look 
quite white. But there are plenty of moths. 

I have found, on May 15th, Corycia vestaliata Guen. and C. 
semiclarata Walk. flying in such numbers over the fields and on 
the edges of woods that they looked like white flower petals flut- 
tering in the breeze. With these, and as early, fly the pretty 
species of Lobophora, L. vernata Pack. and L. geminata Pack. 
About the same date Lozogramma defluata Walk. and L. deter- 
Sata Guen. start up before you as you walk in méadow or open 


2 


18 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb. 


woods to fly rapidly a few feet and drop again suddenly to the 
ground. JL. lactispargata Walk, is generally a little later. On 
18th or 20th comes the early brood of Selenia kentaria G. & R. 
No one who has not seen these early specimens at this season can 
know anything of the real beauty of this species. These first 
comers are larger and infinitely deeper and richer in tint than the 
later ones, and there is a soft, tender bloom upon the surface of 
the wings which is as evanescent as lovely, and is quite lost in 
drying. Before the 20th Eujfidonia notataria Walk., Fidonia 
truncataria Walk. and Ematurga faxonii Minot, are plentiful. 
All these are day flyers, of course. The nights at this season 
are still very cold, and often frosty, but it is marvellous to see 
how. many noctuids are moving about and are attracted to sugar 
and to light. Two years ago, between May 16th and 20th, Ao- 
moptera edusa Drury, was in great abundance, flocking at night 
to our sugar-stations and also to our lanterns on the piazza. We 
have often taken more than a hundred of this species with its two 
varieties, /unata and saundersiz, in an evening. With them came 
also H. unilineata Gr., H. woodstt Gr., H. benesignata Harv., 
Zale horrida Hiib., and the three forms of Ypsia undularis Drury. 
Teniocampa incerta Hib. is one of these earliest moths and very 
abundant. By the end of the month some of the Bombycide 
make their appearance; the Spilosomas—virginica and prima— 
Halisidota maculata Harr., H. tessellata A. and S., P. isabella 
A. and S., Z. acrea Drury, Arctia virguncula Kirby; Notodonta 
stragula Gr.; N. basistrieus Walk. Lophopteryx elegans Strecker; 
Nerice bidentata Walk. and many others. And you must re- 
member that this is not in the May of Pennsylvania, or even that 
of southern New England, but in the tardy cold spring of the 
northern hill country. There the snow often lies upon the ground 
until June; the streams are icy cold, and all vegetation exceed- 
ingly backward. Upon what do these early subalpine moths 
feed? There are almost no blossoms at the season of which I 
speak. From under the snow the epig@a lifts a few pink buds, 
and in a favorable, sunny May, viola rotundifolia, v. selkirkit and 
a few—a very few—other hardy little plants open tiny blossoms. 
I must not forget to say that it was in the last week of May, in 
a very backward season, while snow, lay in heaps and drifts, in 
sheltered, shady spots, that I took at light my fine specimen of 
Phragmatobia assimilans Walk. This beautiful insect known only 


1890. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 19 


for many years by the worm and damaged types in the British 
Museum owes, doubtless, its rediscovery by me to my early visit 
in that backward season to the New Hampshire hills. 


Random Notes on Lepidoptera. 
BY HENRY SKINNER, M. D. 


Determination of Sex of the Cocoons of Cecropia.—One winter 
some time ago I collected a large number of Platysamia cecropia 
cocoons and noticed quite a difference in their superficial appear- 
ance, and I determined to see, if I could, what it meant. I had 
suspected from some previous observations that the two kinds 
represented the different sexes. I divided the cocoons accord- 
ingly, putting them in separate boxes, and found, subsequently, 
that the cocoons in one box produced males and the other females. 
I separated them by the following characters: the male cocoon is 
much more compact, lighter in color, and not nearly so baggy as 
the female and much longer in proportion to its width. A typical 
male cocoon is three and three-quarters inches in length and one 
and one-eighth in width, while the female cocoon is but three 
and one-eighth inches in length by two inches in width. The 
male cocoons are nearly always found high on the stalks (elder) 
and the females close to the ground hidden by long grass and 
dead leaves or other matted material where the elder stalk leaves 
the ground. The difference in the construction of the two co- 
coons is very striking, the wrinkled, baggy character of the female 
ones is noticed at once. There may be some exception, but I 
think by taking the sum of the characters the sexes may be picked 
out at once without any difficulty, especially in the cocoons found 
on elder bushes. The above facts are also true of the other spe- 
cies in the genus Platysamia, but in a lesser degree. I have 
separated the sexes of ceanothi in the same way. 


q ; 
A UNIQUE COLLECTING-FIELD. 


The Eastern Penitentiary is situated at 22d and Fairmount 
Avenue, Philadelphia, in the heart of the city, and is surrounded 
by a stone wall about 42 feet high. The corridors run from a 
common centre like the spokes of a wheel, thus leaving some 
ground between them. Most of the cells have a small yard at- 


20 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb. 


tached in which the prisoner is allowed a few hours each day for 
exercise. Some time ago while on a professional visit to some of 
the inmates I was mortified to find a lepidopterist, although in- 
terested in his captures, which were all made in the yard attached 
to his cell. The cell yard was enclosed by stone walls 14 by 17 
feet and 11% in height. In this small space he had caught during 
the past summer eighteen species, as follows: Papilio asterias, 
turnus, glaucus, ajax; Pieris rape; Colias philodice; Danais ar- 
chippus; Grapta interrogationis; Vanessa antiopa, atalanta; An- 
cyloxypha numitor; Eudamus tityrus; Philampelus satellitia; 
Sphinx celeus; Hemaris thisbe; Catocala obscura, ilia; Cicada sp. 
P. ajax is a great rarity here. I have never seen but one in 
_the city limits, and Catocala obscura is also rare. Most of the 
species were represented by a number of specimens. 


AN ERROR CORRECTED. 


Mr. Wm. Beutenmueller in his article on the preparatory stages 
of Callosamia angulifera, Ent. Amer. Vol. V, No. 11, p. 200, 
says ‘‘the cocoon can only be separated from that of Promethia 
by its larger size.’’ The differences in the cocoons and the habits 
of the larve of the two species in my mind are the most striking 
proofs of the distinctness of the species. The full grown Pro- 
methia caterpillar takes great care to securely fasten its cocoon to 
the twigs of the tree and hangs by a thread of tightly-woven silk, 
which has been spun over the stem of a leaf and the dried leaf 
itself from the outer covering of the cocoon. The angulifera 
caterpillar either spins its cocoon in the leaf and when the leaf 
drops in the fall the cocoon falls to the ground in it, or crawls 
down the trunk of the tree and spins its cocoon in the grass, or 
fastens it to a dead stick under the tree. The angulifera cocoon 
is oblong, being one inch and a half in length by five-eights of 
an inch in width, and never has the silken prolongation as in 
Promethia (see ‘‘ Psyche,’’ Vol. V, p. 261), and is not obscured 
so much by the curled leaves, and has a more marked appearance., 


LD 


Siphonophora or Nectarophora? 
BY CLARENCE M,. WEED, 


The fact that the aphidid genus Siphonophora has recently been 
replaced by Nectarophora, does not seem to have received as 


1890. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 21 


- much attention from entomologists as it deserves, and ENTOMo- 
LoGicaL News may perhaps be utilized to present a brief state- 
ment of the case. The change was made by Prof. O. W. Oest- 
lund in his ‘‘ Synopsis of the APH1DID# of Minnesota (Bulletin 
No. 4 of the Geological and Natural History Survey of Minne- 
sota, p. 78),’’ where in using Mectarophora he says : 

‘Tt is with some reluctance that I propose to replace a name 
that has already become so familiar and extensively used as that 
of Siphonophora. But Siphonophora as a generic term was al- 
ready appropriated for the M/yriapoda before Koch made use of 
it in the APHIDID#; and it is also used to denote an order of the 
oceanic Hyprozoa, and should, therefore, according to practice, 
be replaced by one not already occupied.’’ 

Prof. Forbes informs me that Marschall’s ‘‘ Nomenclator’’ 
gives the date of the use of Siphonophora by Brandt for a genus 
of MyRIAPODA at 1886, and that of Koch for HEMIPTERA at 1855. 

It seems to me that in questions of nomenclature entomologists 
at present cannot do better than follow the code of the American 
Ornithologist’s Union, in accordance with canon xxxiii, of which 
the use of Nectarophora would be justified. This canon reads as 
follows : 

‘* A generic name is to be changed which has been previously 
used for some other genus in the same kingdom; a specific or 
subspecific name is to be changed when it has been applied to 
some other species of the same genus, or used previously in 
combination with the same generic term.” 


ray 
Vv 


Notes on Smerinthus Astylus Drury. 
. BY FRANK M. JONES. 

As but little is known of the life-history of this insect, the fol- 
lowing notes may be of interest; unfortunately, I could not ob- 
tain a full description of the larva through all its changes : 

June 16, 1889.—Found % and 9? on a twig of High-bush 
Huckleberry. Here and there on all the Huckleberry bushes 
hung a few dry leaves; the leaves, when dead, turn cinnamon- 
brown, and the two moths, as they sat motionless on the twig, so 
closely resembled one of these clusters of dry leaves, both in 
color and outline, that I did not recognize them as living insects 
for some seconds after seeing them. 


22 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb. 


June 16 to 19.— @ laid 151 smooth, glossy, pale greenish yel- 
low eggs, somewhat flattened, 2 mm. greatest diameter. 

June 23.—Some of the eggs changed | to dirty white, and the 
young larve could be seen within. 

June 24.—Eggs commenced to hatch; young larva pale green- 
ish white, 6 to 7 mm. in length; head and thoracic segments 
large; caudal horn 1.5 mm. in length, reddish brown, darker at 
base and tip; two spines at tip, making it appear pronged; horn 
usually straight, or nearly so, but in some cases much curved; in 
this moult it points backward. 

July 28.—Larva full grown; length 38 mm.; green, with yellow 
granulations; seven yellow, oblique; lateral stripes, the last reach- 
ing base of caudal horn; an indistinet, yellow, longitudinal, lateral 
line to fifth segment, and continued faintly; a variable number of 
red dorsal spots or blotches, two on a segment; some have but 
two small red spots on the third segment, and on others red is 
the predominating color of the dorsal region; caudal horn straight, 
pale green; two thorns at tip; points forward; several days before 
pupating the green of the dorsal region fades to a dull yellow. 

August 11.—First larva pupated; although provided with a 
plentiful supply of light, moist earth, none of the larve attempted 
to enter the ground, but pupated upon the bare soil. If this is 
their habit in nature, it may in part account for the rarity of this 
insect, but I have noticed the same thing with other and com- 
moner species when confined in breeding-cages, and its rarity i is 
probably due to some other cause. — : 


Notes on a few Virginian Dragonflies. 
BY : PHILIP=E: CALVERT. 


Some months ago Mr. Wm. D. Richardson, of Fredericks- 
-burg, Va., sent to me, for identification, a few dragonflies which 
he had taken in Spottsylvania County in that State. These speci- — 
mens may interest some readers as adding new data for geo- 
graphical distribution. Excepting 4. heros; none of these spe- 
cies have been recorded from Virginia before, although P. 
trimaculata was known to inhabit the United States everywhere 
east of the Rocky Mountains. The notes which Mr. Richardson 
sent with the specimens are enclosed in quotation marks. 


caf 


fe 


News, Vol. 


Ent. 


‘SNS3H SNWVANA—"Z ‘Dl4 


“‘WINVHN SAGCIOAYZ— | Sly 


-1890.] -ENTOMOLOGICAL’ NEWS. 23 


1. Lestes forcipata Ramb. (Selys, 1862) ¢ ‘‘ July 3, 1889, nea 
a pond.”’ : 

This species is the hamata of Dr. Hagen’s Synopsis of 1861. 

2. Anomalagrion hastatum Say, 2 ‘‘July 12, 1889, near a 
pond.”’ 

3. Enallagma aspersum Hag., 3 ‘‘ July 12, 1889, near a pond.”’ 

4. Aéschna heros Fabr., 3 ‘‘June, 1889; caught while flying 
near a stable; about a thousand feet from a pond, late in the 
evening.” 

5. Celithemis elisa Hag., $ ‘‘July 3, 1889, near a pond.”’ 

6. Plathemis trimaculata De Geer, $ ‘‘June 18, 1889, near 
the borders of a small pond about one-quarter of a mile from 
Fredericksburg.” 

7. Libellula quadrupla Say, 2? ‘‘ 1888, border of a small pond : 
near Frederickburg.”’ 

The most southern locality known to me for this species is 
Greenville, S. C., from which I possess a female taken by my 
friend, Mr. Lawrence O. Patterson. 

8. Diplax vicina Hag., ? ‘‘ June 18, 1888, flying over a pond.”’ 


0) 


Vv 


NORTH AMERICAN HESPERIDA. 


BY EUGENE M. AARON. 
No. 1—ERYCIDES URANIA and EUDAMUS HESUS. 


It is the purpose, in this series of short papers, to give descrip- 
tions of new or little-known species of North American HEs- 
PERID#, with notes that will be calculated to aid students in the 
study of this neglected Family. There are a few species of HEs- 
PERID#@ which have never been described, the identification of 
which depend on illustrations only to be found in rare and costly 
works. Others are inadequately described or, in the opinion of 

_the writer, confounded with older species, and still others are as 
yet undescribed. Where it seems to be desirable to elucidate the 
text, plain drawings will be furnished. 

Erycides Urania, West. [Plate I, fig. 1.]* ; 
West.-Doub.-Hew., Gen. Di. Lep., p, 510, No. 7, pl. 79, fig. 1 (1852). 
Though figured, in 1852, in the superb work cited above, this 

striking species has never been described in the publications of its 


_* Plate I will appear in a future number of News. 


24 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb. 


native land nor abroad. As the ‘‘ Genera of Diurnal Lepidop- 
tera’’ is an extremely rare work—itis doubtful if more than fifteen 
copies are to be found in the United States—I have thought it 
well to describe and figure it at this time, so that hereafter it may 
be easier for the American student of the HESPERID# to identify 
‘the species as it turns up in collections. 

The only textual reference to this species in the ‘‘ Gen. Di. Lep.”” 
is in a list of the species of the genus ; the student is left to the 
very accurate figure on plate 79 for the determination, and there, 
very unwisely as it seems, only the upper side is figured. 

The description which follows is made from the figure by Mr. 
Hewitson, and’ from a fair series of specimens from Texas and 
Mexico : 

Expanse 2 to 23 inches. Ground color above black on both 
wings ; banded and spotted with bright green or blue. On the 
primaries this banding in most examples is caused by the fact that 
nearly the whole surface is covered with a dense coat of scales of 

bright green, which, being separated by the black bordered ner- 
vures, take on the form of longitudinal bands; in a few specimens, 
however, the apical area is but slightly sprinkled with green and 
the whole outer half of the wing appears black or nearly so. A 


group of translucent sub-apical spots consist of three constricted - 


points along the costal margin, one larger below the outer of the 
three, and a much larger quadrate spot centrally below the four. — 
Two translucent bands follow these spots internally, the first bifid, 
short, hardly more than an elongated spot, the inner one crossing 
the median area much longer and made trifid by two nervures. 
The color of the markings on the secondaries is much brighter, 
and towards the anal angle of a deep azure-blue tint in some ex- 
amples. From the base three streaks diverge towards and stop 
abruptly on the median area, the upper of these is shorter than 
the others to make room for the bifurcate series of spots on the — 
outer area of the wing. These spots—four in the inner limb and 
seven in the outer are placed in the form of a written letter y. On 
some examples there is a faint indication of another streak, longer 
than the three others running parallel to the abdominal margin. 

Beneath, color and markings a reproduction of the upper sur- 
face, save that while the black is not so dense on the primaries, it 
is deeper and more velvety on the secondaries. The green atoms 
on the primaries are fewer; on the secondaries they are brighter, 
and the bands run all the way to the costal edge. 


18go. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 25 


Thorax above black, with tufts of green hairs, beneath marked 
to match the secondaries. Abdomen black, with green hairs and 
annulations of the same color. Head and palpi above green 
spotted, white beneath. Antenne black, dark cinereous at tip. 
Emarginations, above and below, notched, white. 

Habitat.—Mexican boundary of Texas; Mexico; Central Am. 
Eudamus Hesus, West. [Plate I, fig. 2.] 

Goniloba Hesus, West.-Doub.-Hew. Gen. Di. Lep. p. 573, No. 40, pl. 

78, fig. 5 (1852). 

As in Erycides Urania, this species has never been described, 
but has always been accepted on the strength of the excellent 
figure of the upper surface, the lower surface not having been 
represented. The description which follows is made up from this 
figure, and a small suite of specimens; the species is rather rare 
in collections. 

Expanse 24 to 23% inches. Primaries much produced apically. 
Ground color rich rufous brown, shaded with deep umber on outer 
and abdominal margins, and approaching black-brown on costal 
margin of secondaries. . Primaries with three sub-apical honey- 
yellow spots, the upper very minute; an irregular discal patch of 
the same color translucent, resembling a three-leaf clover in shape 
and composed of three unequal outwardly-notched spots, extends 
from the costal area well towards the posterior angle. This patch 
is faintly margined by black; at the juncture of the three spots 
there is a triangular spot of the ground color. On the costal 
margin a deepening of the scales and a deep incision running 
therein for about one-third the length of the wing presents the 
appearance of an aborted costal fold; sometimes this area is of a 
lavender-gray color. On lower margin towards base there are 
two small black spots and two smaller and less distinct just below 
the outer angle of the discal patch; these seem to be a discon- 
nected continuation of a band of two or three still fainter on apical 
area. Secondaries have a small round black spot on disc and a 
row of five or six of the same color, and of varying size, parallel 
to the outer margin. 

Beneath, the ground color is much duller in tone and more 
clouded. Honey-yellow spots, of the primaries above, repro- 
duced; black points wanting. Secondaries without the broad 
area of black-brown on costal margin; the spots of the upper 
side are replaced with spots of a lighter color than the ground 


26 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb. 


encircled with brown fuscous. The row of spots parallel to the 
outer margin is made to continue in its sub-marginal course by 
the addition of two spots placed parallel to the costal margin. 
Beneath the discal spot and towards the abdominal margin there: 
is another somewhat smaller. 

Body and thorax above and below concolorous with the wings; 
head above the same, below much brighter. Antennze annulated 
with black and the general color, brighter at base of tip, then 
black, and finally ending in a long tapering tip of the general 
color. 

Habitat.—Mexican boundary of ‘Texas; Mexico; Central Am. : 
Brazil (?). The locality was unknown mise the insect was figured 
by Westwood. 


Notes and News. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS 
OF THE GLOBE. 


[The Conductors of ENTOMOLoGICAL NEws solicit, and will thankfully receive items. 
of news, likely to interest its readers, from any source. The author’s name bi be given 
in each case for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers. ] 


ABCANTHIA PaPISTRILLA IN NESTS OF THE BARN SwALLOW.—While 
workmen were nailing some brackets beneath the eaves of the college 
barn in the latter part of last August | ‘preparatory to putting up new eave- 
troughs, they complained of receiving a shower of bed-bugs whenever 
they pounded on the barn. The fact was reported to me and I imme- 
diately went, bottle in hand, to get a supply of the bugs. 

A large flock of swallows had lived about the barn all summer and 
reared their young and had recently deserted the place. The eaves were 
completely lined with their mud nests between the ends of the rafters. 
Upon examining these nests I found them to be literally alive with crawling 
vermin somewhat resembling bed-bugs, but much smaller, more hairy, and 
having a grayish pilose appearance instead of the naked brick-red appear- 
ance of the article that I had always‘seen. The outside of the nests were 
in many places gray in color from the accumulation of their white egg- 
shells. The largest of the bugs found in the nests measured but 9-64 of 
an inch in length, while full grown specimens of A. /ectudaria in my col- 
lection measure fully 4% of an inch; I am indebted to Mr. Ashmead, of 
the Division of Entomology at Washington,’ for the identification of the 
species. Mr. Ashmead tells me that he does not think that this species 
has ever before been reported in this country. It is a common species in 


1890. ] ~ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 27 


Europe on the swallow and the bat. Is it not very possible that in most 
cases, and perhaps in all cases, where bed-bugs have been reported in 
swallow’s nests in this country that this was the species present, and not 
A. lectularia ? C. P. GILLETTE. 


* West Cliff, Custer Co., Col., Dec. 16, 1889. 


The Editor ENtoMOLOGICAL NEws, 

Dear S1r:—I received your preliminary circular, or prospectus, to- 
day, and am glad to hear of the new journal. Conducted on the lines set 
forth, and by the editor and committee announced, it cannot fail to be 
highly useful. It will bring entomologists in closer touch and to more 
harmonious feeling than has yet been seen on this side of the water. * * * 

It has occurred to me that ENroMOLOGICAL News might fulfil a very 
useful function by collecting facts and opinions regarding the various ques- 
tions which have been or are under debate in entomological circles. Thus, 
you might announce in successive numbers of the journal that facts and 
opinions were required concerning such questions as : 

1. Does moisture cause melanism, and if so, why? 

2. Ought varieties to be named, and if so, to what extent? — 

3. Should the term ‘‘form’’ be used to indicate slight varieties ? 

4. In symmetrical insects does one side tend to vary more than the 
other in an average of numerous examples ? 

And so on. 

Then a “question editor’ might be appointed (or a committee) to sift 
and arrange the resulting correspondence, and finally draw up a report 
showing the trend of opinion and the ve facts on either side. Don’t 
you think that would be useful ? 

You might also have a “‘ Variation Committee,’ to receive reports of all 
varieties, and assort and arrange them when convenient for publication. 
In this way facts from all — would be Se neater and their significance 
understood. 

Hitherto there has been too much exclusiveness. _Those who were not 
specialists, or great students, have thought they could do nothing, whereas, 
properly guided, they can do everything! But they must not be slighted 
or looked down upon because they are ‘‘beginners.”” 

Yours very truly, 
' THEo, D. A. COCKERELL. 


[The projectors of ENromMoLocicaL News have had the plans for its 
management and publication under advisement for some time past; in fact 
ever since the untimely demise of “‘ Papilio,” in 1885, it has been more or 
less in their minds. Though for some time assured that such a journal as 
they hope to make it was needed they have continued to feel doubtful of 
its reception by the entomological public until answers began to pour in 
from those who received the preliminary circular alluded to above. Letters 
such as this from one of the most active biologists interested in our science 
have reached us in sufficient numbers to assure us that American and 


28 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. _ [Feb. 


Foreign Entomologists are much interested in our success. From these 
present humble beginnings we hope to move on towards even higher ideals 
until, with the aid of our correspondents, we reach such useful channels 
as. Mr. Cockerell has outlined.—E. M. Aaron. ] 


WHISTLING TREES.—A species of acacia, which grows very abundantly 
- in the Soudan, is also called the ‘‘ whistling tree’’ by the natives. Its shoots 
are frequently, by the agency of the larvz of insects, distorted in shape 
and swollen into a globular bladder, from one to two inches in diameter. 
After the insect has emerged from a circular hole in the side of this swell- 
ing, the opening, played upon by the wind, becomes a musical instrument, 
equal in sound to a sweet-toned flute.—Zachange. 


A GRASSHOPPER Story.—A reformed car driver who worked for the 
Street Car Company of Mobile, Ala., in the days when paper currency 
was all the go, says that the company introduced the patent boxes which 
for a time headed off the.boys effectually in their ‘‘ knocking down”’ fares. 
But the victory of capital over labor was short-lived, for the drivers sup- 
plied themselves with large grasshoppers which they tied by the wings 
with a string and shoved down into the box, and when Mr. Grasshopper 
grabbed onto a dime they jerked him back out of the box. This was 
kept up for some time with great success, until one day the string broke 
and left the bird in the box, which gave the snap away.—Zxchange. 


JEweELs THat ARE ALIvE.—The firefly of the South—the cucujo, an 
inch-long beetle—is occasionally brought to this country as a curiosity, 
and if fed on sugar-cane and kept in a moist atmosphere it can be pre- 
served in health for several weeks. The people of the Caribbean Islands 
use these beetles for ornament, confined in folds of gauze, where the 
beautiful green light which they emit—their red light flashes only in flying 
—is more varied and splendid than any emerald that ever shone in a king’s 
coronet; a number of them together under a glass make sufficient illumina- 
tion for dressing or reading without producing any heat.— Harper's Bazar. 


THE Mexican Wasp.—The Mexican Wasp is built entirely for business. 
He is over two inches long when he is of age, and is about the color of a 
bay horse. His plunger is a full inch long and as fine as a spider’s web. 
Unlike the stinger of a common bee, the stinger of the Mexican Wasp is 
non-forfeitable. He doesn’t give up after one lunge, but is always ready 
for an all-day job if necessary. The mission of the Mexican Wasp seems 
to be to hunt up people to run his stinger into. The natives say that he 
will go ten miles out of his way to get a whack at a person. The natives 
seem to get fat on snake bites, centipede bites and scorpion stings, but if 
they discover one of these wasps in their neighborhood they hunt for 
cover without delay.— Great Divide. 


a 


1890. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 29 


Entomological Literature. 


PROCEEDING OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, January-June, 1889 
[Issued May—August, 1889;’’ received in Philadelphia, Dec. 21, 1889.] 
Contains the following : ‘‘ Three new Homoptera”’ (Indian species) by M. 
L. Lethierry.—E. M. A. 


ScIENCE —Dec. 20, 1889, contains a very full and appreciative review 
of the work done and recently reported upon by Prof. W. A. Henry, of 
the Wisconsin Experiment Station, acting under the direction of Secretary 
of Agriculture Rusk, on certain matters connected with agricultural and 
entomological research on the Pacific coast—E. M. A. 


ANNALS OF THE N. Y. ACADEMY OF SCIENCE, Vol. IV, No. 12 [‘‘ Nov. 
1889;”’ received Dec. 21, 1889.]—Contains a new genus of Termitophilous 
STAPHYLINID& (continued)’’ by T. L. Casey. 7. imsolens, from Panama, 


‘is described as new.—E. M. A. 


THE ENTOMOLOGIST.—December, 1889, contains “ Pararge meg@ra,”’ 
by Sydney Webb. The author figures and describes an aberrant form 
captured in Kent. ‘‘ Notes on Parasites of Atherix ibis Fabr.”’ by W. H. 
Ashmead, T. R. Billups and F. W. Frohaws. Hymenopterous insects of 
the genera Anton and Trichogramma are commented on. “Notes 
from the Northwest Counties,’’ by J. Arkle; collection Notes. ‘‘ Ento- 
mology of Iceland,’’ by Rev. F. A. Walker. Notes on a list of Insects 
taken there this year. ‘Contributions towards a list of the varieties of 
Noctue occurring in the British Islands,” by J. W. Tutt.—Under “‘ Ento- 
mological Notes, Captures, etc.,’’ there are the usual notes on localities, 
odd aberations, varieties, etc. In addition, notes on ‘‘ Parasites on Moths,”’ 
by E. Bostock. ‘New views on the stiborder Homoprera,” by W. L. 
Distant,’’ and “‘ Fungus parasitic on Insects,’ by George J. Grapes, are 


‘interesting. The usual reports of the Proceedings of the English Ento- 


mological Societies, and reviews of Distant’s ‘“‘Monograph of Oriental 
Cicadidz’’ and Porritt’s ‘‘ Notes on an extraordinary race of Arctia men- 
dica Linn.” are followed by six pages of index, etc.—E. M. A. 


FirTH REPORT OF THE INJURIOUS AND OTHER INSECTS OF THE STATE 
or New York, by J. A. Lintner, Ph. D., State Entomologist, Albany, 
1889. Ina work of 203 well-printed pages, the author treats of ‘“‘ Reme- 
dies and Preventions of Insect Attack,’ “Injurious HyMENopTERA,”’ 
“Tnjurious LEpmpopTERA,”” “Injurious Diptera,’ Injurious CoLrop- 
TERA,” ‘‘Injurious HEmipTerRA,”’ ‘“‘Insect Attacks and Miscellaneous 
Observations,” ‘‘ ACARINA and Myriopopa,” and adds a “‘ List of publi- 
cations of the Entomologist’ (1888) 52 articles being enumerated, and 
69 articles added in a special bibliography for 1884 and 1885. Indices, 
general and botanical, occupying 21 pages are added; 50 figures in the 
text serve to illustrate as many insect pests or friends. As is usual with 


30 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb. 


the works of this author, this report is an excellent hand-book of the year’s 
research in Economic Entomology in América. It is invaluable to all 
entomologists, whether they be interested in economic or classificatory 
work.—E. M. A. 


CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST—January, 1890.. This first number of Vol. 
XXII contains “ Balaninus—lIts food habits,’ by John Hamilton, M. D., 
with five illustrations of Balaninus nucum. The continuation of Prof. J. 
B. Smith’s ‘‘ Preliminary Catalogue of the Arctiide of Temperate North 
America, with Notes’’ [the genus Arcfia.] ‘‘ Note on the Larval Orna- 
mentation of the North American Sphingide,’’ by A. R. Grote. “ De- 
scriptions of Lepidopterous Larve,”’ (Mamestra lorea, Phycis rubifasciella, 
Salebria contatella and S. ce/tella). ‘‘ Note on the genus Crocota and 
Prof. J. B. Smith,” by A. R. Grote; a controversial article. ‘* Notes’’ and 
‘““Correspondence”’ contain brief notes on Collecting by F. B. Caulfield. 
“The Cotton Worm” around London, Ontario, by E. Baynes Reed, and 
“‘Chrysalids (Pryrameis cardui) devoured by Caterpillars (.Spilosoma 
isabella),’’ by S, W. Denton.—E. M. A. 


THE ENTOMOLOGIST’s MONTHLY MAGAZINE—January, 1890, contains 
“* Micropteryx \arve,” by John H. Wood. ‘“‘ Coleoptera at Cobhane 
Park, Kent,” by J. J. Walker. ‘‘ Descriptions of two new genera (.S/ezh- 
idea and Trichidea) and of some uncharacterized species of Galerucine,”’ 
by Joseph S. Baly. The species are from the Indian fauna. ‘‘ Notes on 
the Lepidoptera of Mooltan,’’ by N. Manders. “ /cerya purchasi and its 
insect enemies in New Zealand,’’ by W. M. Maskell. The briefer notes in 
this issue are on “‘ Scoparia atomalis and Scoparia augustea,” by Eustace 
R. Bankes. ‘“‘ Opostega salaciella,” by the same author. ‘‘ Habits of the 
Honey Moth”’ [ Gadleria cereana,] by C. G. Barrett, and ‘‘ Anarta myr- 
Zilli at flowers,’’ and ‘“‘ Identity of Phycis adornatella and P. subornatella,” 
by the same author. ‘Habits of the larva of Zudorea dubitalis,” by W. 
Machin. ‘The Life-history of Simethis combinatana,” and “On the 
flight of Atta antarctica,’ by G. V. Hudson. ‘“‘ Psocide and Mistletoe,” 
by R. McLachlan, who says: ‘‘ much and interesting could be written on 
the denizens of an old tuft of mistletoe;” “ Limnophilas hirsutus at sugar,” 
by Geo. R. Porritt; and the usual notes on localities and captures in the 
British Isles. 

A review of ‘‘ Indian Museum Notes, Vol. I, No. 1,’’ which is “‘ planned 
much on the same lines as ‘ Insect Life,’ and like it cannot fail to have a 
beneficial effect,’’ is published and Obituary Notices of Dr. Franz Low, at 
Vienna, aged 61; J. B. Géhin, at Remiremont, aged 73; and Prof. Wm. 
Ramsay McNab, M. D., at Dublin, aged 45, are given. The usual ac- 
counts of Society Meetings end the number.—E. M. A. 


Lr NATURALISTE CANADIEN December, 1889.—With this issue comes 
(paged 285-292) a separatum continuing the work on the Jassides ( Jassus 
to Pediopsis). The rest of this number is of general interest, and not 
especially addressed to entomologists.—E. M. A. : 


—— 


18g0. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 31 


THE ENTOMOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT, Dresden, Band 2, 1889, con-. 
tains a very interesting and valuable paper to lepidopterists entitled: “‘ Lep- 
idopteren der Insel Palawan,’’ by Dr. O. Staudinger. It covers one 
hundred and seventy-seven pages enumerating two hundred and eighty- 
three species collected by Dr. Platen. At the end of the paper are two 
very useful lists of species, one being systematic and the other alphabetical. 
About sixty new species are described, and some of them illustrated, there 
being two plates, containing thirty figures, which are photographic repro- 
ductions. Copious notes are given with each species listed. Among the 
interesting new forms were two species of Ornithoptera. Palawan is one 
of the Phillipines, and is two hundred and sixty miles long by thirty wide, 
the interior being mountainous, and the west flat. The products of the 
island are cowries, gold, ebony and other fine woods. Also two papers by 
<. Ribbe; one on two new diurnals from Africa, and the other on new 
butterflies from Banggassa, a small isle in the Celebes, illustrated by two 
‘plates,.seven figures. A paper by H. Ribbe on some aberations in the 
-collection of Gustav Borneman, is also of interest to lepidopterists. 

H. SKINNER, 


Doings of Societies. 


. 


COLORADO BIOLOGICAL AssociATION, West Cliff, Oct. 19, 1889.—Mr. 
*Cockerell exhibited and made remarks on a number of Hymenoptera, in 
«cluding Vipio coloradensis Ashm. ° , collected in the Wet Mountain Valley, 
*Col. This was only the second example of. the species known. 

_ December 14th Mr. S. H. Scudder was announced as a corresponding 
smember. Letters from Mr. Ashmead; containing identifications of Hy- 
-‘menoptera and Hemiptera, and from Rev. G. D. Hulst, containing identi- 
fications of Lepidoptera, were laid before the meeting. 

All these insects had been collected in Wet Mountain Valley, Custer 
County, Col. The Hymenoptera included Giyphe flavipes Ashm., Ho- 
-malotylus bifasciatus Ashm., etc. The Lepidoptera included two new 
species: Ragonotia saganella Hulst and. Caripeta niveostriata.Hulst, and 
.a species, Altoona ardiferella Hulst, of which only one specimen was 
)previously known. T. D. A. CocKERELL, Sec. 


_ THE ENTOMOLOGICAL Society or LONDON, Dec. 14, 1889.—Mr. W. L. 
Distant exhibited on behalf of Mr. L. de Nicéville, a branch of a walnut 
“tree on which was a mass of eggs laid by a new Lyczenid butterfly, which 
Mr. de Nicéville had referred to a new genus and described as Cheto- 
_procta odata. \t was said to occur only at elevations above 5000 feét in 
N. W. India. Dr. Sharp exhibited eggs from a South American bug, 
Piezosternum subulatum, which, though taken from a completely rotten 
-imago, were in a perfect state of preservation. He also exhibited a speci- 


32 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb. 


men of Pecilochroma Lewisit, a Pentatomid bug from Japan, which, 
when dampened with water, turned instantly from a dull green to a me- 
tallic copper color. Mr. J. H. Leech exhibited a large number of ZLepid- 
optera from Mr. Pratt, of Ichang, China, which contained fifty-six new 
butterflies and forty new moths. Mr, Elwes observed only two genera in 
this collection not known to be found at Sikkim. He called attention to 
the similarity of the species from India, China and Java. Mr. McLachlan 
remarked on having lately received a dragonfly from Simla previously only 
recorded from Pekin; and Mr. Distant stated that he had lately received a 
species of Cicada from Hong Kong hitherto supposed to be confined to 
Java. Mr. W. H. B. Fletcher exhibited a preserved specimen and draw- 
ings of a variety of the larva of Sphina ligustri. Mr. F. D. Godman 
read a letter from Mr. Herbert Smith, containing an account of the Ay- 
menoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera and Coleoptera recently collected in St. 
Vincent, where he was employed under the direction of a committee of 
the Royal Society appointed to investigate the natural history of the West 
Indies [it is understood that a work on the lines of the superb “‘ Biologia 
Centrali-Americana’’ will in time be the product of this survey. ] 

Mr. Elwes read a letter from Mr, Doherty descriptive of collecting at 
light and sugar in the Naga Hills. Mr. Doherty expressed the opinion 
that light used in out-of-the-way places repels rather than attracts; the 
same applied to sugar, as insects required to be accustomed to these de- 
coys, Col. Swinhoe said the attractive power of light depended on its in- 
tensity and height above the ground. . He had collected over three hundred 
specimens of Springide at electric light in Bombay in one night. Mr. J. 
J. Walker had found electric lights very attractive in Panama. Mr. F. 
Merrifield read a paper entitled, ‘“‘ Systematic Temperature Experiments 
on some Lepidoptera in all their stages,” and exhibited a number of speci- 
mens in illustration. Darkness of color and markings in Annomos au- 
tumnaria resulted from the subjection of the pupz to a very low tempera- 
ture. The same had occurred in Se/enia illustraria, where the markings 
had also been altered in a very striking manner. Lord Walsingham ob- 
served that exposure to cold in the pupa state appeared to produce a 
darker coloring in the imago, and that forcing in that stage had an 
opposite effect; that insects subjected to glacial conditions probably de- 
rived some advantage from the development of dark or suffused coloring, 
and that this advantage was, in all probability, the more rapid absorption 
of heat. He believed an hereditary tendency in this direction was estab- 
lished under glacial conditions, and that this would account for the preva- 
lence of melanic forms in northern latitudes and at high elevations. 

H. Goss and W. W. Fow er, Sec’s. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL News for January was mailed Jan. 15, 1890. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL: NEWS 


AND 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION, 


ACADEMY NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. 


VOL. I. MARCH, 18go. - No. 3. 
CONTENTS: 

Wickham—Notes from Northwest........ 33 | Robertson—Notes on Bombus.............-. 39 

Wadsworth—List of Dragonflies.......... 36 Tees ANG NCWS..005.,....cccdevectgesccedencssce 41 

Lugger—Fond of Grammat.......--...---++ 38 | Entomological Literature................:++ 44 

Ives—Method of Egg Deposition......... 39 | TRRRIBIOE SOCIO ES. 5 ao. .c0s sec erence nen scenes 48 


NOTES FROM THE NORTHWEST. 


BY H. F. WICKHAM. 


The following notes were made on my collecting trip in the 
summer of 1889, and may be of interest to the readers of ENTOo- 
MOLOGICAL NEws. : 

The species of Cychrus included in the subgenus Brennus are 
said by Dr. Horn (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. VII, p. 176) to be ‘‘ pe- 


_culiar to the true Pacific coast fauna of North America.’’ This 


summer I took the common C..marginatus Fisch. at Mullan, 
Mon., and again at Helena in the same State, which extends the 
range a long way east. These examples differ from the western 
ones by being smaller and of a more uniform black. 

Carabus meander occurs in the Rocky Mountains at Mullan, 
Mon. 

A special search for Pselaphide brought to light only the fol- 
lowing species: Ctenistes pulvereus Lec., one specimen under a 
stone at The Dalles, Oregon. Three examples of Pselaphus 


3 


4 


34 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ March, 


evichsonii var. longiclavus Lec., many Bryaxis conjuncta Lec. 
and Bry. albionica Mots. in rubbish under logs at Coeur d’ Alene, 
Idaho. Zychus cognatus and Batrisus zephyrinus Casey (which 
runs in collections as a/éconicus Aubé) occurs in moss at Victoria, 
Vance. I.; the latter species also at Tacoma. — 

Batrisus monticola Casey came to hand only once in the Cas- 
cade Mountains, Yakima Co., Wash., where Bry. albionica was 
also taken. A single ¢ of Bry. albionica also occurred at Vic- 
toria. At Portland, Oreg., I got a specimen of Favonus cavifrons 
Casey under bark. Bry. fundata is found at the Spokane Falls 
late in July, under logs, and in the Rocky Mountains at Mullan, 
Mon., I took a beautiful example of Zyrus corticinus Casey. 

Mycetina hornii occurs occasionally under bark throughout the 
Northwest, but I found in one case a colony of over. seventy-five 
individuals under a single log in a burnt district of the pine forests 
covering the Coeur d’Alene region. Byrrhidz seems to prefer 
burnt logs for protection, as they were always more numerous 
where the timber had been charred by fires. Calochromus di- 
midiaia has the same habit. 

In a swamp at Coeur d’ Alene I found Aphodius occidentalis in 
unlimited numbers in little ditches which ran through the soft 
earth. They were there by thousands, dead and living, a half 
hour’s work supplying me with above seven hundred of them. 
. The beetles were burrowing at random in the mud, which was - 
apparently rich enough for them to live and luxuriate in, full of 
decaying vegetable matter. Toads had been attracted to the feast 
in numbers, and, to judge from the quantity of wing covers in 
- their excrement, had made the most of their opportunity. 

Amphicoma canina and A. rathvoni are day fliers, and may be 

found flying in the hot sun during the early part of July, fre- 
quenting the flowers of the ‘‘ Yarrow,’’ which grows abundantly 
near Tacoma, where I made my observations. I do not know if 
the occurrence of Cremastochilus under bark has ever been re- 
ported. I took a few of them in such a situation at Coeur d’ Alene, 
but they were in the company of their hosts—ants. I have called 
the species Az/osicollis Horn, but there may be some little doubt 
as to the correctness of the determination. 

The electric lights of Spokane Falls attract great numbers of 

Ergates spiculatus and Prionus californicus, so 1 made it my 
business to go around every night to pick them up. They come 


a, Wd 


1890. } ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 35 


out from cracks in the sidewalks, under door-sills, and in fact 
from any place where they can squeeze themselves away. Then 
the fun begins, and, as I go down the street with my biggest col- 
lecting bottle slung on my wrist and begin picking up the ‘‘ bugs,”’ 
I am a centre of attraction. Next, two policemen proceed to 
** collar’ mé, and it takes half an hour of explanation to con- 
vince them that I am neither an incendiary nor a fugitive from the 
State asylum, and that my bottle (because, forsooth, it is marked 
**poison’’) is not a deadly weapon. At length they are satisfied 
though, and let me off, and I filled my bottle every night. 
Leptura makes a brave show in these Northern regions, and all 
the following occur on flowers: L. obliterata, soror, plagifera, 
subargentata, convexa, canadensis, erythroptera, letifica, quad- 
rillum, chrysocoma, crassicornis, crassipes and scripta, most of 


them rather rare. 


Timarcha intricata | found always under logs in moss. Whether 


it feeds on this or not I cannot say. Occurs at Portland, Tacoma 


and Coeur d’ Alene from early June until the beginning of August. 
Chrysomela exclamationis and conjuncta are common in Idaho 
(Pocatello) on Helianthus, and C. elegans on willows at various 
points. C. /unata I found on rosebushes mostly, though they 
also appear on grasses, sunflowers, asters, and even poison ivy. 
I doubt if they eat any of these but the roses, however. 

The Tenebrionidz I leave for a separate paper, and will close 
with a few remarks on the Rhynchophora of the region. 7hz7- 
comigus luteus is found in western Wyoming under logs and on 
rose-bushes. Sz/ones is everywhere, but I am not yet able to 
satisfactorily separate my series. Plinthodes teniatus I took 
under logs, and the same is true of 7richalophus didymus. The 
former species I took at Tacoma and Victoria, the other is found, 
though rarely, over the entire northwestern corner of the United 
States, and as far East as Mullan, Mon. It seems to be quite 
variable in size and color. 

Macrops also occurs over almost the whole region, though I 
took none at Victoria. At Portland I took JZ humitis in a swamp 
around the roots of grass, and on the plains of Wyoming, Mon- 
tana and Nebraska I found JZ. vitticollis, tenebrosus, ulkei and 
obscurellus more or less abundant. 

Sphenophorus is abundant in the native grasses all through the 
central region from Nebraska to eastern Oregon, and will doubt- 


36 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, » 


less make itself felt as a serious pest to farmers when cultivation 
cuts down its present food supply. Of the species I took the 
following: simplex, vomerinus, ulkei, inequalis, ochreus, costi- 
pennis, geniilis, parvulus and probably oblitus; all on or about 
the roots of various grasses. 


LIST OF THE DRAGONFLIES (ODONATA) 
Taken at Manchester, Kennebec Co., Me., in 1888 and _ 1889. 
BY MISS MATTIE WADSWORTH. 


Tribe IL—AGRIONINA. 


Subfamily 1. CALOPTERYGINA. 
1. Calopteryx maculata Beauvois. 
1888, June 19 to Aug. 2. Many 9 9 observed laying eggs on 
plants in brook; sometime after young larve appeared in great 
quantities. 1889, June 6 to Aug. 9. A common species near 


brook. 
Subfamily 2. AGRIONINA. 


2. Argia violacea Hagen. 

1888, June 23 to Aug. 2. 1889, June 19 to Aug. 9. A very 
common species near brook and in road. 
3. Argia putrida Hagen. 

1889, June 25, four & % near lake. 
4, Ischnura Ramburii Selys, 9 Orange variety. 

1888, Aug. 8. 1889, May 25, 27, 30; June 7, 25, 27. In 
woods, road and near brook. 
5. Ischnura verticalis Say. 

1889, May 25 to July 2. In woods, near brook and lake. 


6. Enallagma Hageni Walsh. 

1889, June 7, 2 ? 25, three % % ;near lake. July 6, two 8%, 
brook. 
7. Erythromma conditum Selys. 

1888, June 18, in field. 1889, May 25, 28; June 27, 29; July 
6. In road and near brook; not common. 
8. Lestes hamata Hagen. 


1889, June 12, 27; July 6, 27. Near brook and stagnant water; 
but few seen. 


1890. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 37 


9. Lestes rectangularis Say. 
_ 1889, June 25, 27; July 1, 2, 6, 24; Aug. 25; Sept. 4. A com- 
mon species near lake, brook and woods. 
10. Lestes disjuncta Selys. © 
1889, July 2, 6, 8; Aug. 26; Sept. 4. Near woods, brook and 
in road; not very common. 


_ Tribe II.—AZSCHNINA. 
Subfamily 3. ASSCHNINA. 
11. Anax junius Drury. 

1888, Sept. 5, 14, 25. 1889, June 25, 29; Aug. 20 to Sept. 29. 
A very common species near woods, brook, etc. 

12. Gompheschna furcillata Say. . 

1888, July 11, one $. 1889, June 6, one 2. Near brook. 
13. Aischna janata Say. 

1888, June 19, one 6. Near brook. 

14. 4schna verticalis Hagen. 

1888, Aug. 28 to Sept. 27. 1889, July 16, 24, 26. Seen during 
Sept. with 4. constricta near woods, and in pasture, near brook. 
15. Aischna constricta Say. 

1888, Sept. 3 to Oct. 19. 1889, Aug. 28, and occasionally 
during September. Near brook and woods. 

16. 43schna heros Fab. 

1889, June 24, 27, 30; July 9; sae 1. Near brook and road; 

not very common. 


Subfamily 4. GOMPHINA. 
17. Gomphus parvulus Selys. 

1888, June 19, one % ; in woods. | 
18. Gomphus exilis Selys. ; 

1888, June 15 to July 8. 1889, May 28 to June 28. A common 
species near woods, brook and road. 

19. Gomphus spinosus Selys. 

1888, July 13, one Q in woods. 1889, June 25, one 6 in 
woods. July 5, observed one devouring a Calopteryx maculata. 
20. Hagenius brevistylus Selys. 

1889, June 18, one 9, in woods. 

21. Cordulegaster diastatops Selys. 
1888, July 11, near brook. Notcommon. 1889, June 13, one’. 


(To be continued.) 


38 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. _  [March, 


FOND OF GRAMMAR. 
BY OTTO LUGGER. __ 


Entomologists all know that insects are by no means very stupid 
animals, and know much more than is generally supposed. They 
learn, no doubt, by experience as well as we do, but do not, as a 
general rule, search for knowledge. 

A few days ago a young student at the Agricultural School 
complained that his books at home were badly eaten by some 
insects, and as a specimen of the 
damage caused by them he brought 
a Norwegian grammar. And true 
enough the damage done was very 
plain, and the culprit, or rather 
culprits, were still engaged in the 
work, as may be seen in the illus- 
tration. Snugly hidden in the 
grammar were the larve and the 
=| imago of 7yrogosita mauritanica, 

_ and also the pupal skin of a third 
individual, already escaped. But 
- evidently the desire to inform them- 
selves in the Norwegian grammar 
had not been very great, or had 
been too difficult for their taste. 
They had not penetrated into the 
grammatical mysteries, but were 
| satisfied to rest contented with a 
very superficial knowledge of the 
same. But they had gone into it 
to stay; had formed snug cells close 
to the edges, and had plugged the 
entrances with frass; had, so to 
speak, burned the ships behind 
them. Telling the boy that he 
ought to be ashamed of neglecting 
his books he wondered that the insects should have been able to 
inform me of the fact. When I also told him to remove his books 
from the vicinity of neglected flour, feed or similar things, he 
looked perplexed, and said that the bugs had told me more about 


1890. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 39 


his room than he knew himself, but an inspection soon showed 
that the books were stored upon a board resting upon a barrel 
filled with old bran. Evidently the larve, in search for suitable 
quarters to transform, had wandered about and had mistaken the 
covers of his books for the loose bark of trees, their usual abode. 


0). 
VU 


An Interesting Method of Egg Deposition. 
BY J. E. IVES. 


_ Some time since I received from Mr. J. C. Saltar, of Pember- 
ton, N. J., what appeared to be a dried-up mass of dead flies, 
about the size of a man’s fist. Throughout it were scattered light- 
colored fragments, which had somewhat the appearance of empty 
egg-cases. The whole mass was very brittle, and readily crum- 
bled to pieces. It was obtained from the under surface of the 
trunk of a tree overhanging a small stream. 

Being unable to obtain any information as to the nature of this 
peculiar structure, I sent it to Dr. Williston, of Yale, with the 
request that he would kindly examine it. He has done so, and 
writes that the flies are the females of a species belonging to the 
genus Atherix, probably to Atherix variegata Walk. He draws 
attention to the fact that, in the Standard Natural History, p. 418, 
he makes the following reference to the subject: ‘‘ The eggs of 
Atherix are deposited in large, pear-shaped masses, attached to 
dried branches overhanging watér. Not only do numerous fe- 
males contribute to the formation of these clusters, but they re- 
main there mcepcives and die; the newly-hatched larve escape 
into the water.’ 

The instinct which leads to the formation of such a mass is a 
very peculiar and interesting one. 


ray 
Vv 


NOTES ON BOMBUS. 


BY C. ROBERTSON. 


In a letter addressed to me in October, 1888, Mr. Cresson ex- 
pressed the suspicion that 4pathus? elatus Fab. was not a true 
Apathus, but that it was probably a Bomédus, and in a letter of 
November he expressed the hope that I would obtain some light 
on the subject during the following summer. Accordingly, in 


40 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, 


the summer of 1889, I completed my observations, arriving at 
the conclusion that Bombus americanorum Fab. is distinct from 
B. pennsylvanicus De Geer, and that Apathus? elatus is its male. 
I give below the synonymy of the two species with my notes 
upon them: 
Bombus pennsylvanicus. 

Apis pensylvanica DeGeer, Mém. III, 575 (1773). 

Bombus pensylvanicus Cress., P. E. S. Il, 94, 8— ¥ in part (1863). 

On Aug. 22, 1888, I took the sexes of this species in copula. 
The female was hanging by one foot to a leaf of Gerardia pedicu- 
laria. This female bore two yellow spots on the vertex; the 
scutellum had a little yellow; the first segment of the abdomen 
was entirely black. From the specimens at hand I would distin- 
guish the female from that of B. americanorum as follows: Vertex 
always more or less yellow; scutellum more or less yellow; first 
segment of abdomen black, or with a little yellow on the sides; 
seen from above, the base of the labrum shows a transverse ridge 
more or less interrupted medially. The worker resembles the 
female. 
Bombus americanorum. - 

Apis americanorum Fab., Syst. Ent. 380, (1775); Ent. Syst. II, 319 (1793). 

Bombus americanorum Fab., Syst. Piez. 346, (1804); St. Farg. Hym. I, 

472 (1836). 

Apis elata Fab., Ent. Syst. Suppl. 274, g (1798). 

Bombus elatus Fab., Syst. Piez. 352, G (1804). 

Apathus elatus Cress., Proc. Ent. Soc. Il, 114, of (1863). 

Apathus? elatus Cress., Cat. Described Hymenop. N. A. ¢ (1887). 

Apis nidulans Fab., Ent. Syst. sa 274, 3’ (1798); see Cress., Proc. 

Ent. Soc. II, 165. 

Bombus nidulans Fab., Syst. Piez. 349, 3 (1804). 

Bombus pensylvanicus Cresul Proc. E. S. II, 94, 2 ¥ in part (1863). 

In Proc. Ent. Soc. II, 164, Mr. Cresson says: ‘‘On the 11th 
of September, 1863, a nest of Bombus pensylvanicus De Geer, 
was captured near Gloucester, N. J. It contained 6 females, 34 
workers and 21 specimens of Apathus elatus Fab., bas males. 
No males of B. pensylvanicus were found in the nest.’” This 
convinced me that a solution of the problem must be found in 
the nests of B. pennsylvanicus. Accordingly, on Aug. 20, 1889, 
I opened a nest of what I had always taken as B. pennsylvanicus. 
It contained 1 female and 121 workers, and 2 males of Apathus? 
elaitus. On comparing this female and the workers with the fe- 
male taken in copula with B. pennsylvanicus % , 1 came to the 


a 


1890. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 4I 


conclusion that they were distinct, and that the nest belonged to 
B. americanorum. On September gth I saw the sexes of this 
species in copula. The same night I opened two nests, one con- 
taining 10 females, 46 workers and 1o males, and the other con- 
taining 9 females, 51 workers and 1 male. 

The female of B. americanorum has the vertex always black; 
the scutellum black, or with a little yellow; the first segment of 
the abdomen yellow; seen from above, the base of the labrum 
shows two tubercles separated by a wide interval. 

The males of B. americanorum and of B. fervidus may prove 
to be very much alike. Indeed the ¢ of B. americanorum re- 
sembles the 9 of B. Servidus more than its own female; but I 
think B. americanorum is more nearly related to ZB. Servidus than 
it is to B. pennsylvanicus. B. fervidus is vi e in my neigh- 

‘borhood, as I have seen but two female spéeimets. In Proc. 
Ent. Soc. III, 247, Walsh mentions finding B. fervidus 2 sur- 
mounted by Afathus elatus*$. He was discussing the effect of 
mimicry, and he cites this as a case in which a Bombus mistook 
an Apathus for one of its own species. But the mistake was 
‘probably on the part of the entomologist; he had, no doubt, 
taken the true sexes of 2. fervidus. 


Notes and News. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS 
OF THE GLOBE, 
[The Conductors of ENToMoLoGIcAL News solicit, and will thankfully receive items 


of news, likely to interest its readers, from any source. The author's name will be given 
in each case tor the information of cataloguers and bibliographers. ] 


= 


SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN MExIco.—An important scientific explora- 
tion is to be made of the less known portions of Yucatan and Mexico, re- 
gions which have not hitherto been systematically explored by naturalists, 
except in so far as archzology is concerned. It is the object of the expe- 
dition to ascertain, as a continuation of former explorations in Florida, the 
general structure of the basin of the Gulf of Mexico, concerning which 
there is much diversity of opinion among scientists. 

The exploration will comprise, besides the geological examination of 
the region, a close examination of its zoology and botany, towards which 
end specialists in various departments of science will accompany the expe- 
dition. The party will be under the leadership of Prof. Angelo Heilprin, 


42 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ March, 


of the Academy of Natural Sciences. Accompanying him will be Mr. 
J. E. Ives, one of Prof. Heilprin’s assistants at the Academy of Natural 
Sciences, who will have charge of the marine zoology; Mr. Witmer Stone, 
who will make the collections of botany and ornithology; Mr. F. C. Baker, 
of conchology and general zoology and Mr. Roberts Le Boutilier, who 
will be the photographer of the expedition. 

Papers governing the expedition have been received from the State De- 
partment at Washington addressed to the representatives of this country 
in Central America and Mexico, and also from the Mexican Minister at 
Washington, Senor Romero, commending the expedition to the Govern- 
ment of Yucatan. 

The expedition left New York by steamer February 15th, to stop first 
at Progresso, Yucatan, whence the research will extend into the interior 
of that State. Much of interest is expected from the expedition to this 
region, as very little is known of its entomological riches, 

From Yucatan the expedition will be deflected to Vera Cruz, whence 
will begin the exploration of the Mexican lowland and of the volcanic belt 
which stretches westward towards the Pacific. This region, like Yucatan, 
despite its ready accessibility, is still to a great extent unknown to the en- 
tomologist. The determination of the limitation of the range of animals 
and plants and ‘the intermingling of Northern and Southern forms will 
receive the first attention of the expedition. 

An attempt will be made to gain the summit.of the extinct volcano of 
Orizaba, 17,500 feet high, by some considered to be the loftiest peak in 
Mexico, and perhaps loftiest summit of the entire North American Con- 
tinent, of the complete ascent of which no trustworthy details appear to 
be on record. The peak affords almost unsurpassed advantage for the 
study of vertical distribution of animal and plant life, since it rises from a 
base within a short distance of the sea, far beyond the limits of perpetual 
snow. 

From Orizaba the course will lie towards the City of Mexico, where an 
examination will be made of the lakes lying on the Mexican plateau. An 
ascent will be made from this point of the neighboring peak of Popocate- 
petl, which rises to approximately the same height as Orizaba, but is much 
more accessible than that mountain. 

From the valley of Mexico the expedition will take a westerly course, 
having in view the passage of the Sierra Madre Mountains and a descent 
to the Pacific coast. The still active voleanic-foci will be made the feature 
of this research. 

The volcano of Colima, 12,500 feet, in elevation, whose recent furious 
eruption gave evidence that the volcano was not, as generally supposed, 
extinct, and which threatened the existence of Zapotlan, will probably be 
the limit of the expedition, although a further attempt to reach Jorullo, 
rendered famous by Humboldt’s narrative, may be made. 

The exact route of the return journey has not yet been determined 
upon. It is expected, however, that it will reach home before midsummer. 


a so 


( ae 


a i a a > 


T§go. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 43 


A large part of the region to be traversed will lie away from civilization, 
necessitating travel by primitive methods, and for some distance probably 
the protection of an armed escort will be necessary, especially in the re- 
gion of the revolted Indian tribes of Yucatan. 

The expedition is organized under the auspices of the Academy of 
Natural Sciences, which has received the co-operation of its individual 
members, and also of the American Philosophical and American Ento- 
mological Societies. 

This expedition, it is stated, is the first extensive one that has been or- 
ganized by a scientific institution in this country to be sent.outside of the 
bounds of the United States for many years, and its results are awaited 
with a great deal of interest by scientists. 

The entomological collections, which will be made in all orders, will be 
distributed among the leading specialists, and the conclusions reached by 
them will be published in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural 
Sciences of Philadelphia, or in the Transactions of the American Ento- 
mological Society. The narrative of the ata will probably be pub- 
lished in separate book form. 


Editor ENromoLocicat News :—I should like to ask sonie of your 
readers if Sudbury, Ontario, is not a very Northern locality for Calosoma 
scrutator? \ have always understood that if ever found North of the Great 
Lakes it came only as a shipwrecked mariner. While looking under pine 
bark for A/aus myops \ast spring, of which I took nineteen specimens in a 
few days, I found a fresh, living, full-sized specimen of C. scrutator. 

Altogether, I took some 450 different species of beetles here last season, 
but cannot get more than half of them named. Z/ateride were peculiarly 
plentiful. I took some 200 individuals and nearly 30 species; also 42 spe- 
cies of Carabide and 21 of water beetles. My prize is a large green in- 
sect, apparently a Cantharis, but certainly not one of the common Caz- 
tharid@; also several Cerambycide and Pyrochroide that local entomolo- 
gists cannot determine. 

Lepidopterists will be interested to know that Co/as interior, both male 
and female, are quite common here in the season.—E. D. PETERS, JR. 


Hop Worms.—Late last August I found several larve feeding in the 
Hop (Humulus lupulus). I removed portions of the stems, cutting five 
or six inches above and below the swellings, and placed them in a box 
used for feeding larvee. In about three weeks the imagos emerged, prov- 
ing to be Gortyna rutila Guén. The vine from which they were taken 
was literally riddled with them. No description of the larvze was taken at 
the time, but I hope to be able next season to give a more detailed account 
of them. Two broods of Gortyna nitela, with its variety nebris, were 
raised in the same manner. The larve were feeding in the stems of the 
great rag-weed (Ambrosia trifida). This larva feeds also in the stems of 
‘burdock (Arctium lappa). As far as my experience goes, all the Gortynz 
are internal feeders. —C. A. BLAKE. 


44 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ March, 


A CORRESPONDENT in Hardeeville, S. C., says he ‘‘ witnessed a most 
wonderful phenomenon: from noon to sundown, with a gentle wind blow- 
ing from the southwest and a perfectly clear sky, a shower of white 
balls filled the air and covered the ground for a space of ten miles square, 
with a gentle shower of a white fleecy substance, as fine as silk, which 
was very strong when twisted. He was unable to account for its pres- 
ence there, and had never seen anything like it before.’” The same thing 
occurs here every autumn, but I never saw it as abundant as the cor- 
respondent describes. The little’ balls referred to are the flocculi, or 
remains of the web of which the spiders make their cocoons, the excess 
being cut off and floats away.—C. A. BLAKE. 


A NEEDLEss ALARM.—Some time ago a certain entomologist in one 
of the leading cities of the country who, on the Sabbath days, strives to 
enlighten a large and aristocratic congregation in the mysteries of the 
gospel, but beguiles his leisure moments by the pursuit of hexapods, hap- 
pened to find a heap of refuse lying near a humble dwelling in the out- 
skirts of the city aforesaid. The gentlemen is a devoted student of lepid- 
opterology, but bags the beetles, also, as they chance to fall in his way. 
The most prominent object on the ash heap was an antiquated and effete 
ham, upon which numerous carrion beetles were disporting themselves. 
Recognizing the find as worthy of his attention, he began to collect the 
insects upon it. He had barely begun his malodorous task when he dis- 
covered that he was being observed, and a strident female voice from the 
second story of the humble dwelling rang out an excited warning—‘*‘ Law 
sakes! man alive that ham is spiled! Nancy and me throwed it out day 
before yesterday! It’s all blowed! Law sakes! you don’t be after gatherin’ 
up such truck as that, be ye? A well dressed man like you un hadn't 
orter to be rakin’ in old ash heaps after somethin’ to eat. -Ef you’re hun- 
gry come in the house an’ I’ll give you a bite. But (and here the voice rose 
to a shrill falsetto), mercy me! leave that old ham alone! It’s spiled! I 
tell you it’s spiled!’’ The clergyman, who carried under his waistband 
reminders of an elegant luncheon served an hour or two before, cannot 
cease to smile at the memory of the position into which his entomological 
ardor had brought him in the eyes of the old dame, from whom he es- 
caped as she was coming down-stairs to open the door and offer him the 
hospitalities of her little home.—ANon. 


Entomological Literature. 


IL NATURALISTA SICILIANO.—Anno IX, No. 1, October, 1889. [Re- 
ceived January, 1890.]—Contains ‘‘ Lepidotteri nuovi della Sicilia,” ( 77- 
neid@) by F. Wocke. ‘‘ Note Lepidotterologiche (cont.),” by E. Ragusa; 
brief notes on species running from Antigastra to Aciptiia. “ Helo- 
chares nigritulus n. sp. (habitat Sicilia),’”” by Kuwert. ‘ Tavola sinottica 
. dei Gyrinus di Sicilia,’’ [synoptic table of the Sicilian species of the genus 


1890. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 45 


Gyrinus] by E. Ragusa. ‘‘Coleotteri nuovi o poco conosciuti della Sicilia 
(cont.)”” [new or little known Sicilian Coleoptera] by E. Ragusa; no new 
species described in this part. ‘Una nota sulla Chalcis Dalmannii,” by 
T. DeStefani. This number is accompanied by the indices for Vol. VIII 
of this journal. 


THE WORK OF A DECADE UPON FossIL INSECTS 1880-1889, by S. H. 


‘Scudder [Annual address of the retiring president of the Cambridge En- 


tomological Club Jan. 10, 1890. Excerpt from “‘ Psyche,” January, 1890. ] 
The author here gives a comprehensive and very readable account of the 
work accomplished in this field in the decade just ended; a field in which, 
as is well known, he has been the principal laborer. In speaking of the 
relative abundance of fossil insects the author says : “During the past 
summer, in explorations for the Geographical Survey, I found that the 
strata of a considerable tract of country, certainly many, probably hun- 
dreds of square miles in extent, lying in western Colorado and eastern 
Utah, were packed with fossil insects as closely as at Florissant. There 
can hardly be any doubt that we shall soon be able in our Western terri- 
tories to rehabilitate successive faunas as successfully as has been done 
with many of our vertebrate types, and as has not yet been done for in- 
sects in any country in the world. * * What we really need is a score 
of trained workers to ‘go in and possess the land.’ No one would wel- 
come them more heartily than one who is almost a solitary worker in the 
American field.”’ 


BIoLoGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA, Part LXXX of Zoology; November, 
1889.—[Received January, 1890. ]|—Contains “‘ ARACHNIDA ARANEIDEA,”’ 
by O. Pickard Cambridge, pp. 41-48, pl. iv, 83 figs., 18 colored; 11 new 
species are described from the genera Epeira, Turckheimia and Carepal xis. 
CoLropTerA as follows: Vol. III, part I, pp. 145-168, plates vii and viii, 
46 figs. 20 colored. This portion on the Buprestide contains the descrip- 
tions by C. O. Waterhouse, of many new species, usually illustrated in 
colors. Vol. VI, part I, Supplement, pp. 153-168, plate xxxix, 34 figs. 25 
colored. Many new species are here described by M. Jacoby, entirely 
from Pachybrachys and Chlamys. ‘‘ LEPIDOPTERA Rhopalocera, Vol. II,” 


by F. D. Godman and O. Salvin; pp. 153-184, plates Ixiii and Ixiv, 55 figs. 


all colored. This part contains the systematic consideration of the group 
from Colias cesonia to Enantia virgo. The pale Terias, allied to mexi- 
cana in pattern, which was returned as from the Mt. Graham Range in 
Arizona is here determined (with an excellent figure) as 7. Botsduvaliana 
Feld. = imgrata Feld. = gratiosa Reak. = mexicana Boisd. in ‘Sp. 
Gen.”’ The synonymy as worked out in this part is most instructive to 
the student. ‘“‘ LEprpopreERA HETEROCERA, Vol. I,’’ by H. Druce, pp. 321- 
336, contains the systematic treatment of this suborder from Dyofs 
ocellata to Anomis agiliacea. While reviewing this stupendous work it 
may interest our readers to know that the following entomological volumes 
have been completed : Coleoptera, Vol. I, part 1 (Adephaga), by H. W. 
Bates; Vol. I, part 2 (Adephaga, etc.), by D. Sharp; Vol. III, part 2 (Mada- 


46 ‘ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ March, 


codermata), by H. S. Gorham; and Vol. V (Longicornia), by H. W. 
Bates and (Bruchides) by D. Sharp. These fgur volumes contain 2088 
pages and 69 plates, with many hundred figures. In addition several other 
volumes on Coleoptera are well under way. Vol. I of the Rhopalocera is 
complete, save the index and title, running through the suborder from 
Danais plexippus to Isaphis hera. ? 


Insect LiFe, Vol. II, No. 6, December, 1889 (Received Jan. 14, 1890). 
It hardly seems worth while to enumerate the usual richness of the monthly 
issues of this most excellent periodical, as it may be had from the U. S. 
Department of Agriculture for the asking; no entomologist can afford to 
‘be without it. Besides short notes on ‘‘ The Official Association of Econ- 
omic Entomologists,’’ ‘“‘ Entomology at the Paris Exposition,’ ‘‘The 
Mediterranean Flour-moth,’’ ‘‘ Spider-bites,’’ ‘‘ Scent in Dung beetles,” 
“Beetles from Stomach of a Chuck-wills-widow,’’ ‘‘ A harvest-mite de- 
stroying the eggs of the Potato beetles,” ‘Injury to grass from Gastro- 
physa polygoni,”’ ‘““Damage to Pine by Rhagium lineatum,” Notes on. 
“« Vedalia’”’ and ‘‘On Hematobia serrata,” there are longer papers on 
“The so-called Mediterranean Flour-moth,’’ with illustrations; ‘‘ The 
Ox-warble (Hypoderma bovis), illustrated;” ‘‘ Association of Economic 
Entomologists—First Annual Meeting,’ by L. O. Howard, secretary pro. 
tem.; ‘Office and Laboratory Organization,’ by S. A. Forbes. Follow- 
ing these are ‘‘ General Notes”’ on “‘ Oviposition of Tragidion fulvipenne,” 
“Insects injuring the tea-plant in Ceylon,’’ ““On some gall-making insects 
in New Zealand,” ‘Dr. Franz Low” and ‘‘ Eugene Maillot,’ obituary ~ 
notices, and the usual quota of purely economic notes. 


ILLUSTRATIONS OF TYPICAL SPECIMENS OF LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 
IN THE COLLECTION OF THE BRITISH MusEuM, Part 7, by Arthur Gardiner 
Butler, 1889, contains an account of a collection of Macro-Lepidoptera — 
made in the district of Kangra India by the Rev. J. H. Hocking in the 
years 1877-79, chiefly at Dharmsala. The number of species amounts to 
upwards of 780, many reared from larva. “There is a systematic list and 
a list of descriptions with notes. Vol. VII consists of 124 pages, 18 fine 
colored lithographic plates representing 249 figures. 


In the Compres RENDUS HEBDOMADAIRES DES SEANCES DE LA So- 
CIETE DE BIOLOGIE (Paris) ninth series, 1890, No. 1.—M. Gaston Bouchet 
has a short note on the “‘ Action of the Venom of the Hymenoptera on 
the gray wall-lizard.’”” He states that he caused some wasps, bees, and 
other hymenopters to sting some gray lizards, some of which received 
eight or ten stings on the most sensitive parts, such as the eyelids, tongue, 
etc. In most cases the piercer remained sticking in the flesh. The lizards 
apparently suffered little pain, and no inflammation was visible at the 
places stung. None of the lizards who were stung died. 

TRANSACTIONS OF THE WISCONSIN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, ARTS, 
AND LETTERS, Vol. VII, 1883-87 (published 1889), contains a paper on the 
Attidz of North America by George W. and Elizabeth G. Peckham. 32 


: 


op eile ou eel 


1890. ]_ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 47 


genera and 79 species are described, including both new genera and spe- 
cies, and six plates figure details. Also by the same authors and Wm. H. 
Wheeler “Spiders of the Subfamily Lyssomanz”’ (of the world); a num- 
ber of new species are described. We have not seen plates xi and xii 
intended to accompany this paper. 


In the SCHRIFTEN DES NATURWISSENSCHAFTLICHEN VEREINS FUR 
ScHLESWIG-HOLsTEIN (Kiel), Bd. VIII, Heft 1, 1889, W. Wiistnei con- 
tinues his notes on the Hymenoptera of Schleswig-Holstein in his third 
“ Beitrage zur Insectenfauna Schleswig-Holsteins.”’ 


In Le Nartur.isteE (Paris) for Jan. 15, 1890, L. Planet describes the 
larva and nymph of He/ops striatus, with woodcuts, and P. Dognin de- 
scribes three new species of Lepidoptera from Zamora, belonging to the 
genera Fidonia and Acidalia. 


SITZUNGSBERICHTE DER KONIGL. BOHMISCH. GESELL. D. WISSEN- 
SCHAFTEN (Prague), 1889, I, contains ‘‘ Revision der in Kolenatis Tri- 
chopteren-Sammlung enthaltenen Arten,’’ by Fr. Klapalek—a synonymical 
article. 


ATTI DELLA SOCIETA DEI NATURALISTI DI MODENA, Serie III, Vol. VIII, 
fascic. ii, 1889 (published in Italian), has ‘‘ Notes on Arachnida received 
from South America,’”’ by G. Boeris, describing four new species. 


H. Prers in Proc. and Trans. Nova Scotia Inst. Nat. Science, Vol. VII, 
pt. iii, describes a larva of the May-beetle with parasitical fungus. 


TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Vol. XVI, 
Jan.-Dec., 1889, (380 pp. 8 plates), contains a Revision of the species of 
Cardiophorus Esch. of America north of Mexico. by Frederick Blanchard; 
On the species of Macrops Kirby, inhabiting N. America (plate I), by 
W. G. Dietz, M.D.; Contributions to a knowledge of the Lepidoptera of 
West Africa, Paper II, (plates 2-4), and Descriptions of new species of 
Japanese Heterocera, by Rev. W. J. Holland; Synopsis of N. Am. species 
of the genus Oxybelus, by Chas. Robertson; Two new species of butter- 
flies, by H. Skinner, M.D.; Catalogue of Coleoptera common to N. Am., 
Northern Asia and Europe, with the distribution and bibliography, by John 
Hamilton, M.D.; a Synopsis of the Halticini of Boreal America (pls. 5-7), 
by George H. Horn, M.D ; Contributions towards a monograph of the 
Noctuidz of temperate N. Am.—Revision of the species of Oncocnemis 
(plate 8), by John B. Smith; and Proceedings of the monthly meetings 
of the Entomological Section of Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia for the year 
1889. : 


ERRATA. 
Page 5, line 22, read type of coloration contrary to what obtains, etc. 
“ 15, line 30, for Tenzera read Zeugera. 
19, line 1, for worm read worn. 
20, line 25, for from read forms. 
20, line 33, for marked read naked. 


48 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, 


Doings of Societies. 


THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, Nov. 12, 1889. Mr. 
Lugger read some notes on ‘‘ The migration of the Archippus butterfly,’ 
and gave an interesting study of their spring and fall movements. He 
noted similar migration in V. cardui. Dr. Thaxter stated that he had 
found Archippus wintering along the Gulf of Mexico in vast numbers. 
Mr. Howard read a paper on ‘‘ A few additions and corrections to Scud- 
*der’s Nomenclator Zéologicus.’”’ Mr. Marlatt gave ‘‘ Notes on the abun- 
dance of oak-feeding Lepidopterous larve this fall,’ and mentioned twelve 
species of Macrolepidopterous larve taken in the course of about an hour. 
Mr. Schwarz read a paper entitled, ‘‘ Caprification,’’ and Mr. Townsend a 
paper on ‘‘ The fall occurrence of Bidio and Dilophus.”’ In discussion on 
the last paper it was conceded that the autumnal occurrence was due to 
acceleration of development. W. H. Fox, M. D., Rec. Sec. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION, ACADEMY NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILA- 
DELPHIA, Jan. 23, 1890.—A meeting of this Section of the Academy was 
held January 23d, Dr. Geo. H. Horn, President, in the chair. Members 
present: Messrs. McCook, Ridings, Martindale, Skinner, Calvert, Liebeck, 
Wells, Westcott and several visitors. Dr. Horn exhibited some drawings 
illustrating points of interest in the comparative anatomy of the species in 
the genus Cercyon, and stated that most of the species were either intro- 
duced, or also found in Europe. The classification of the species and 
facts in their geographical distribution were discussed at length. Dr. 
McCook exhibited the first volume of his new book entitled, ‘‘ American 
Spiders and their Spinning Work; A Natural History of the Orbweaving 
Spiders of the United States.”” He gave a resumé of the volume, and ~ 
also some interesting generalizations on the facts in their natural history. 
On a question from one of the members Dr. McCook made some instruc- 
tive remarks on Spiders as mathematicians. Dr. Skinner called attention 
to the donations to the cabinet: Mrs. A. T. Slosson presented a.specimen — 
of Ecpantheria denudata described by herself, from Florida; Erebia mag- 
dalena and Argynnis frigga var. Saga; two rare species, from Colorado, 
from Mr. Aaron; a type specimen of Pamphila Aaroni and two exotic 
butterflies donated by Dr. Skinner.—For the Recorder by H. SKINNER. 


THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY, Jan. 23, 1890.—At a busi- 
ness meeting of the Society held after the Section meeting, as above, the 
sum of $100 was voted toward defraying the expense of the expedition 
to Mexico to be undertaken under the auspices of the Academy of Natural 
Sciences and the direction of Prof. Angelo Heilprin. Prof. Heilprin 
was elected a member of the Society, and Dr. W. M. Crowfoot a corre- 
spondent. The President announced the death of Mr. J. Frank Knight, 
one of the oldest members of the Society, and for a number of years 
Recording Secretary.—For the Secretary by H. SKINNER. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL News for January was mailed Jan. 31, 1890. 


‘ 


- 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 


AND 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION, 


ACADEMY NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. 


VOL. I. APRIL, 18go. No. 4. 
S 
CONTENTS: 
Hamilton—Inhabitants of a Hickory- , Wadsworth—List of Dragonflies.......... 55 
nut Hull BIE sect sveeshinnictston 49 | Notes and NewS.......cccsccccssseseseereeceroes 57 
Skinner—Notes on Lepidoptera........... 51 Entomological Literature............020+++ 59 
Liebeck—Notes on Coleoptera. «+... 52 Queries and AnswefrS........-sssssseessesesees 62 
Horn—Notes on Elaterid2e.......++0+0 ss 53 | Doings of Societies..............ccscsssresesees 63 


The Inhabitants of a Hickory Nut Hull. 


BY JOHN HAMILTON, M. D. 


While collecting Hickory-nuts last October the hulls or husks 
of several of the species were observed to be inhabited by some 
lepidopterous larvee, and to ascertain their parentage, some of 
these hulls were thrown into a capped glass-jar and kept in my 


office. 


January 8th, two % specimens of a beautiful hymenopterous 
parasite appeared belonging, according to Mr. Cresson, to the 
genus Pimpla. On cutting open one of the hulls a nearly ma- 
tured 9 nymph was found in its host’s cell, of which all that 
remained was the horny head; the long ovipositor ascended over 
the tip of the abdomen and extended along the centre of the 
back reaching the labrum. This example lay naked in the cell 
formed by the larva of the moth, having made no cocoon. 

February goth, two moths appeared, and another small, but — 
beautiful parasite, which Mr. Cresson determined to be Phanero- 
toma (Sigalphus) tibialis Hald. (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 2d 
S., iv, 203) the larva of which forms a thick silky cocoon in the 


4 


50 ; ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, 


cell of its devoured host, though three or four crawled out and 
spun up against the glass. This species has heretofore been 
known to prey on the larve of another Hickory Tortricid which 
feeds on the leaves, Acrobasis carye Grote, Papilio I, 13 and 14. 
It is much smaller than the Pimpla, which may be accounted for 
by the fact that the larva of the latter wastes none of its substanee 
in forming a cocoon, and the perfect insect appears much larger 
than its host. : 

The moth was courteously determined by Prof. C. H. Fernald, 
and proves to be a Tortricid. long known to microlepidopterists 
as an inhabitant of Hickory-nut hulls. It was first described by 
Fitch (N. Y. Agric. Rept. xvi, 459, 1856) under the name Zphzp- 
pophora caryana, now Grapholitha; and again by Shimer (Trans. 
Am. Ent. Soc. II, 394) as Grapholitha carye. The larva when 
full grown excavates a cell in the hull several times larger than itself, 
which it lines with a silky gum. It is then about .25 inch. in 
length, white, except a luteous head, and 16-footed. The pupa 
is pale clay colored, .20 inch. long, and has on the posterior mar- 
gin of each segment a transverse row of erect teeth which enables 
it to move about its large cell with great ease. The anterior wing 
cover of the moth is dusky black, with a sprinkling of scales— 
golden, purple and blue, and a silvery blotch near the tip. Ex- — 
panse .50 to .60 inch. 

The nuts attacked in their earlier stages usually abort. and fall, 
or fail to produce a perfect kernel. In furnishing these beautiful 
parasites nature has been very kind to the country and village 
boys, as without this protection Hickory-nut hunting mone not 
often be one of their chief autumnal pleasures. 

A full grown larva, while under observation, stepped from the 
table, but like its leaf-rolling kindred, it let itself down very gently 
by a suddenly improvised thread. This was rather a surprise, as 
it is not known to leave the interior of the hull voluntarily till it 
comes forth with wings. Some evolutionists may interpret this 
as proof of an ancestry that had business in the outside world. 

In compliance with my request, Mr. E. T. Cresson has kindly 
furnished a description of the Pimpla. 

[Pimpla grapholithe n. sp.—2. Head rufopiceous, smooth and shining; 
vertex, face and mandibles, except tips, fusco-testaceous; palpi and scape 


beneath white, remainder of antennz black; thorax smooth and polished, 
mpunctate, fulvous or honey yellow; metathorax piceous; tegulz white; 


EE ——— 


Me TE Se 


aes 


1890. } ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 51 


wings hyaline, iridescent, nervures brown-black, upper nervure of third 
discoidal cell bent downwards at about the middle, so that the cell is nar- 
rowed at base; legs, including coxze, white; spot on coxe and trochanters 
within, broad stripe on femora within, tips of four posterior tibiz and of 
their tarsal joints, black; abdomen brown-black, rather closely punctured, 
segments 2-5 above with a rounded elevation on each side about the mid- 
dle; segment; 1 and 3-5 quadrate; segment 2 rather longer than broad; 
Ovipositor as long as the body, honey-yellow, sheaths black. Length .4o 
inch. — 

3. —More slender than the 9 ; head, metathorax and abdomen jet-black; 
face with a fine whitish pubescence; all the abdominal segments liner 
than broad and clothed with a short, fine, whitish. sericeous pubescence; 
basal segment above with a longitudinal central groove. Length .37—.40 
inch. 


Described from one female in collection Amer. Ent. Soc. from 
Missouri, and two males reared by Dr. Hamilton, as stated above. 
SS SO ] 


Cr) 
Vv 


NOTES ON LEPIDOPTERA. 
BY HENRY SKINNER, M. D. 


A SPHINX NOT KNOWN IN AMERICAN COLLECTIONS.—Proto- 
parce dalica was described by Kirby in Trans. Ent. Soc. London 
(1877), p. 243. Locality Canada. There is a good igaite of it 
on page 70 in the “ Aid to the Identifications of Insects,’ Vol. 1, 
by C. O. Waterhouse. Dr. H: Strecker thinks this is an aber- 
rant form of P. rustica, and such it will likely prove to be. 


ARCTIA PALLIDA Pack.—Prof. J. B. Smith, in ‘‘ Can. Ent.’’ 
February, 1890, p. 35, says ‘‘ the type of pal/ida is in the collec- 
tion of the Am. Ent. Soc., where I have ‘several times seen it. 
It is certainly not an Arctia, but perhaps nearer Seivarctia.’’ The 
specimen in the collection of the Society was marked type on the 
authority of Mr. Aaron. He showed it to Prof. Packard, when 
he was here on a visit, who said he thought it might be his type. 
The specimen has a Pennsylvania locality label on it, and also 
Dr. Lewis’ name. In the original description of the species Prof. 
Packard says, ‘‘I am indebted to Mr. Calverly for the loan of 
this fine, and apparently very rare species.’’ Locality given is, 
New York. The specimen in question, in my opinion, is an aber- 
ration of Hyphantria cunea of Drury, but it also answers to the 
description of A. pallida. Is pallida known to exist? has any 
one the species? Is our specimen the type? 


52 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, 


In ‘‘ Notes on Cuban Sphingidz,’’ Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., p. 
79, 1865, Mr. Grote refers to Ginosanda noctuiformis Walker, 
and refers to the specimens in the collection Ent. Soc. of Phila. 
which came from Cuba, and were presented by Prof. Poey, being 
No. 835 of his MS. catalogue. I have compared these with speci- 
mens in our North American collection labeled Cautethia Grotet 
Hy. Edwards, and can see no specific differences. If there is 
no difference between the Florida and Cuban specimens it seems 
likely that there is but one species inhabiting the West Indies 
and that Walker’s type from San Domingo represents the same 
thing. If but one species is found in San Domingo, it will prob- 
ably be found to be identical with the one inhabiting Cuba and 
Florida. 


SOME SynonyMyY.—Phyciodes tanthe Fab., = Acca hera Hiib. 
Samml. Ex. Schmett. Band 2, figs. 1 and 2 $8, 3and4 9 = 
Eresia Texana Edw., Pr. Ent. Soc. cage 2, 81, 1863, = = Smer- 
dis Hew., Ex. But. 3, pl. 5. 


(). 
Vv 


NOTES ON COLEOPTERA. 


BY CHAS. LIEBECK. 


While visiting some friends near Landisville, N. J., during the 
summer of 1888, my attention was-directed to the damage caused 
by the common Rose bug, Macrodactylus subspinosus Fab., to 
the young grapes in their vineyard, situated about two hundred 
yards from their house. About the same time they planted a few 
rose bushes of the common free blooming variety in front of the 
house. In June, 1889, the beetles again made their appearance 
in large numbers, but showed a decided preference for the roses, 
not molesting the vines in the least. The bushes, at a short dis- 
tance, appeared to be scorched, but a nearer view showed that 
they were being devoured by the beetles, and although the bushes 
had grown to a large size, bearing hundreds of buds and flowers, 
none seemed to have escaped their voracity. If others similarly 
afflicted would plant a hedge of roses in the vicinity of their vine- 
yard it may prevent damage by this pest to their grapes. 


TWO NOVEL BEETLE TRAPS. 


During the warm days in the early spring of last year I was 
_collecting Coleoptera in the fields towards evening, taking such 


1890. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 53 


species as generally fly just before dark. I usually selected a 
piece of meadow-land with a bank of earth five or six feet high 
running through it, thus making it easier to see the insects against 
the horizon as they flew over. Accompanied by a white setter 
dog, I happened to glance at him while sitting by my side and 
noticed a number of specimens running along his back among 
the hair. I captured these, and laughable as it may seem, there- 
after found it much more profitable to send him running along 
the top of the bank and act as a trap, than by the usual method. 
I took numbers of small Carabidz, Staphylinidze, Scydmeenide, 
Pselaphidze and Nitidulide in this way, which were evidently 
attracted by his white coat in the semi-darkness. A wide ditch, 
the surface of which was covered with a small floating water plant, 
a species of Lemna, served as the other trap. A large swamp- 
oak on its borders was very attractive at night to numbers of Lach- 
nosterna, which, in returning to the ground in the morning, flew 
into the water, no doubt mistaking it for solid ground, where they 
staid until their sluggish movements met the eyes of a collector 
happening that way soon after, when they were immediately fished 
out and transferred to his bottle. Although a large number of 
specimens were taken, I believe, but two species were represented, 
L. micans Knoch. and L. hirticula Knoch. 


NOTES ON ELATERIDA. — 
BY GEO. H. HORN, M. D. 


In the Annales Soc. Ent. Belg., 1889, Dr. Candeze resumes his 
descriptions of Elateridz in a ‘‘ Quatrieme fascicule’’ of fifty-seven 
pages. The descriptions are brief, but ample, and concerning 
them he makes the following comment, which I translate : 

‘*Entomologists have been often able to observe that it is not 
the longest descriptions which are the best. By too many details, 
in which one loses himself, and which apply definitely and very 
oftén to the specimen only which the describer had before him, it 
becomes impossible to figure to one’s self the species which it is 
desired to recognize.”’ 

The following North American species are described : 

Alaus canadensis. Allied to myops, but with the dark color of me- 
lanops. \ have aspecimen from Canada which responds fairly to the 
description, which seems hardly specifically different from myops. 


54 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, 


Monocrepidius peninsularis. Compared by Candeze with ves- 
pertinus, and from the series in my cabinet, certainly a variety 
of it. Florida. 

Heteroderes lantus. The species of Heteroderes were included 
by LeConte in Monocrepidius. From the description /antus is 
about the size of vesfertinus, and of the color of sordidus. It is 
of the type (fide Cdz) of certain East Indian species, and I sus- 
pect requires further confirmation as a member of our fauna. 
Florida. 

Dr. Candeze, in passing, speaks of the revision of Drasterius 
by LeConte in 1884 (posthumous), and says that the union of 
several under the name e/egans seems ‘‘rigoreuse.’’ It is prob- 
able that sufficient cause determined such action on LeConte’s 
part. 

Melanotus peninsularis. This is the species determined by 
LeConte as clandestinus Er. and distributed as such in all our col- 
lections. Florida. 

Corymbites trunculentus. Black, thorax with ferruginous side 
margin; elytra ferruginous brown. Allied to volitans and sagit- 
ticollis. Long. 14 mm. California. 

Corymbites urostigma. Brown, elytra with apical testaceous 
spot; third joint of antennz long. Long. 13 mm. California. 

Corymbites gracilis. AZneo- -piceous, third joint of antennz 
shorter than the fourth. This is, without doubt, C. monticola 
Horn, from the same region. N. California and Oregon. 

C. floridanus. Closely allied to divaricatus, and differing in 
having the hind angles shorter and not divaricate. My examina- 
tion of a specimen sent me led me to believe it merely a variety 
of that species. Long. 9 mm. Florida. 

Asaphes Lecontei. This is a species which has long been in 
our cabinets unnamed, as I have never been able to satisfy my- 
self as to the proper genus. It is of piceous color, elytra yellow- 
ish testaceous, the suture and border darker. 

Sericus Behrensi. This is Sericosomus incongruus Lec., dhich 
Candeze seems to have lost sight of. The name is in his index 
as Atractopterus incongruus, but no mention of it occurs in the 
volume. 

In addition to the above I desire to make known two interesting 
items furnished me by correspondents : 


1890.] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 55 


Megapenthes limbalis Hbst., is the male, and granulosus the 
female of the same species. Mr. M. Linell informs me that they 
have several times been taken in copulation by himself and others. 
Certainly, all the specimens I have seen confirm this, as the one 
is always male the other female. 

Corymbites inflatus Say, is the male, And crassus the female of 
the same species. To Mr. Frederick Blanchard this information 
is due, and he has made the same observation here as has been 
made in the preceding species. | 


va’ 


LIST OF THE DRAGONFLIES (ODONATA) 


Taken at Manchester, Kennebec Co., Me., in 1888 and 1889. 


BY MISS MATTIE WADSWORTH. 


(Continued from p. 37, Vol. I.) 


22. Cordulegaster maculatus Selys. 

1888, June 19, to July 11. 1889, May 15, June 6, 13, 22, 24. 
This species not very common, but several $ $ seen on dates 
mentioned flying directly over brook and following its course. 
Few 2 2 observed. 

23. Cordulegaster obliquus Say. 
1889, June 29, one %, near brook. 


Tribe IIIL—LIBELLULINA. 


Subfamily 5. CORDULINA. 

24, Macromia transversa Say. 

1888, May 27, to July 10. 1889, May 15 to June 25. A very 
common species in woods, field and near brook. 
25. Epitheca Walshii Scud. 

1888, July 16, one %, near brook. 
26. Epitheca forcipata Scud. 

1889, May 29, one %, in woods. 
27. Cordulia semiaquea Burm. 

1888, June 15 to July 9. 1889, May 15 to June 28. A very 
common species in woods, near water and everywhere. 


28. Cordulia lepida Selys. 
1888, July 11, one @, near brook. 


56 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, 


29. Cordulia libera Selys. 

1889, June 6, one ¢. 
30. Cordulia Uhleri Selys. 

1889, May 18, 23, 25, two $, three 9 taken. All near road. 
31. Cordulia princeps Hagen. ’ 

1889, June 19, 24, one taken each day. Near road and brook. 


32. Cordulia new? species. 
1889, May 29, one 92, near woods. 


Subfamily 6. LIBELLULINA. 


33. Libellula exista Say. 
1888, June 15; July 7, 9. 1889, May 18 to June 25. This 
species quite common near woods and brook. 


34 Libellula quadrimaculata Linn. 

1888, June 19; July 8-11. 1889, May 15 to June 24. A com- 
mon species in 1889. 
35. Libellula pulchella Drury. 

1888, July 7 to Aug. 2. 1889, June 25 to July 16. This species 
observed near water, woods, and in open fields. 
36. Libellula incesta Hagen. 

1889, June 18, 19, 22, 25; July 9, 16. But few of this species 
taken. Near lake, woods, and in road. 
37. Libellula semifasciata Burm. 

1889, June 21, one % ; July 11, one 8. Near brook. 
38. Leucorhinia intacta Hagen. 

1888, June 16, one %, in open field. 1889, May 25 to July 4. 
A very common species (1888) near brook, woods and road. 
39. Leucorhinia proxima (Hagen mss.) Calvert. 

1888, July 10, 11, 16. One % taken each day, all near brook. 
40. Diplax rubicundula Say. 

1888, June 29 to July 30. 1889, June 28 to Aug, 21. A very 
common species everywhere. 
41. Diplax vicina Hagen. 

1888, Aug. 1 to Oct. 11. 1889, Aug. 3 to Oct. 9. This Spe- 
cies also very common everywhere. 
42. Diplax costifera (Uhler ms.) Hagen. 

1888, Sept. 6. 1889, Aug. 2 to Sept, 14. This species quite 
common, but all taken were females. 


1890. } ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 57 


43. Diplax new? species. 

_ 1888, Aug. 6, one %, five o’clock P. M., in field. 

One or two specimens of each of the species mentioned in the 
foregoing list were identified by Mr. Philip P. Calvert, of Phila- 
delphia, and from these the others were identified by me. All 
the species noted were taken in Manchester, Kennebec Co., M 


Notes and News. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS 
OF THE GLOBE. 


{The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News solicit; and will thankfully receive items 
of news, likely to interest its readers, from any source. The author's name will be given 
in each case tor the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] 


“4 
Vv 


““ ENTOMOLOGY must always be, as it undoubtedly is at this time, not only 
a useful, but a popular study, and must contribute, perhaps, more than any 
other to the enjoyment and recreation, mental and physical, of those dwel- 
lers in towns who possess a true appreciation of the pleasures and interests 
attaching to country life. I think it would be difficult to over-estimate the 
civilizing and refining effect which a day in the country with the object of 
gaining an insight into the marvels of natural creation, none the less won- 
derful because in themselves common and widely distributed, must have 
upon the minds and characters of all who seek such enjoyment.’’—LorpD 
WALSINGHAM. 

Writinc from Darjeeling, British Sikkim, under date of Jan. 13, 1890, 
Miss Adele M. Fielde refers to a visit she paid to the shop of Mr. Paul 
Mowis, dealer in Tibetan curios and butterflies, 1 Victoria Terrace. Mr. 
Moéwis is one of the five Europeans who has ever traveled in Tibet. He 
makes very valuable collections of Himalayan butterflies, which he sends 
to museums in all countries. He exhibited to Miss Fielde the male of a 
pair of butterflies ( 7eizopalpus imperialis) whose mate he had sold to a 
museum in Berlin for £25 sterling. This was the largest sum he had ever 
received for an insect. The male was exquisitely beautiful, bright green 
and gold. The female was said to have “‘six tails.’’ 

Miss Fielde incloses a beetle of the family Chrysomelidz, which she ob- 
tained from a ragged girl on the Himalayas, who brought it to the train 
for sale. When she took the insect in her hand she at first thought it must 
have been artificially gilded, so truly like metallic gold was its ornamenta- 
tion. This does not remain after death. 

Dr. Davip SHarp, the eminent entomologist, and late President of the 
Entomological Society of London, has accepted the appointment of Cu- 
rator of Zéology in the Museum of the University of Cambridge. - 


58 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. _ April, 


In answer to Dr. Skinner’s article in ENTOMOLOGICAL News, Vol. 1, p. 
20, in which he desires to correct an error I made in describing the cocoon 
of Callosamia angulifera, | should like to say that the cocoon of amgu- 
lifera, which I bred, could only be distinguished from that of Promethea 
by its larger size. I have also distinct evidence that the larva of amgu- 
lifera will spin a silken thread, by means of which it hangs to branches of 
trees. The cocoon of angu/ifera when spun on the ground is exactly as 
Dr. Skinner describes it. I was unacquainted with this form when I made 
my description (Ent. Am. V. p. 200).—W™M. BEUTENMULLER. 

What Mr. Beutenmiiller says is undoubtedly true, angulifera does spin 
a thread occasionally, but it is the exception that proves the rule. Mr. 
Philip Laurent, in a large collecting experience found one suspended, all 
the others he has found were under tulip poplar trees. Mr. F. M. Jones 
sent me one with the silken thread. I have collected in a single day more 
than a quart of angulifera cocoons, not all of them alive, however, and 
never saw one suspended, and for negative evidence I may say I have 
found thousands of promethia cocoons on poplar, etc., and never had an 
angulifera emerge from them.—H. SKINNER. 


Lorp WALSINGHAM, in his Presidential address, estimated the number 
of species of insects as upwards of two millions, and further said, “we 
may well ask ourselves who can venture to assume the appellation of 
‘Entomologist ?? or even of Lepidopterist or Hymenopterist? Surely, our 
successors in this Society must one day be content to be called Pieridists, 
Gelechidists, pimpidists, or Cicindelidists, according to thete different 
branches of study.”’ 

‘© We have abundant evidence that the whole field of zéological research 
apart from Entomology is but small as compared to that in which the Fel- 
lows of this Society (Ent. Soc. London) are interested, when we see that 
in Central America one aioall family of Coleoptera, the ee exceed 
the whole of the mammalia.’ 


Dr. W. L. Aszorr has left the Kilimanjaro region. He was heard from 
at Zanzibar, and intended to leave there shortly to study the fauna of the 
Comoro Islands and Madagascar. 


EREBIA EPIPSODEA. In “ Butterflies of North America,’’ Pt. 9, Vol. iii, 
Mr. W. H. Edwards gives us a very interesting account of 2. epipsodea. 
He gives as its geographical distribution ‘‘ Middle Colorado northward to 
the Arctic Sea.’”’ It comes, however, a little further South than this, and 
it may be-worth while to fix its most southern point as at present known. 
Mr. H. W. Nash informs me that he has taken it at Music Pass, Custer 
County, Col., and at Bonanza, Sagmache County, Col. The first of these 
localities is about N. Lat. 38°, the other is rather more northern. —T. D. 
A. COCKERELL, West Cliff, Custer County, Col. 

On JANvuARyY 20th, while in Baltimore, I captured a fine specimen of 
Chion cinctus Drury, crawling on the sidewalk. Zvrgo; the early bug 
- catches the pin.—C. A. BLakE. 


ae oS 


1890. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 59 


Entomological Literature. 


‘TRANS. Ent. Soc. London, for the year 1889, Part IV, ‘‘On some Le- 
pidoptera from New Guinea,”’ by Edward Meyrick. This paper consists 
of sixty-seven pages, in which a number of new genera and species of 
moths are described. ‘‘On the distribution of the Charlonia group of the 
genus Anthocharis,’’ by George T. Baker. “A revision of the genus Ar- 
gynnis,” by Henry J. Elwes. A new species is described under the name 
hanningtoni; it was taken at Taveta, near Mt. Kilimanjaro, in Africa. 
This paper is a very interesting and important one to American students, 
and will probably be reviewed later at some length. ‘‘ Additional notes 
on the genus Hilipus,’’ by Francis P. Pascoe. 


From the PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


_“ Annotated Catalogue of the Insects collected in 1887-88,”’ by L. O. How- 


ard. The insects received were the part products of the scientific results . 
of explorations by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer ‘‘ Albatross.’’? The 
Hemiptera were sent to Prof. P. R. Uhler, of Baltimore, Md.; the Orthof- 
tera to Mr. Lawrence Bruner, of Lincoln, Neb.; the Diptera to Prof. S. 
W. Williston, of New Haven, Conn.; the Lepidoptera to Rev. W. J. Hol- 
land, Pittsburgh, Pa.; and the MWallophaga to Prof. Herbert Osborn, of 
Ames, Iowa.’”’ Dr. Holland describes, as new to science, Protoparce 
calapagensis from Charles Island, Galapagos. 


The EntTomovocist, February, 1890.—‘‘ New species of Lepidoptera 
from China,’’ by J. H. Leech. The specimens were collected near Ichang, 
Central China, and fifty-six new species are described, all diurnals. ‘‘Co- 
leoptera at Camber during 1889.’’ ‘“‘ An entomological tour on the Table- 


and of Mount Arthur,’ by G. V. Hudson.”? ‘On the occurrence of 


Hesperia lineola in Essex,” by A. J. Spiller. Rhopalocera in Switzerland. 
““On the variation of Heliophobus hispidus at Portland,’ by N. M. Rich- 
ardson. ‘‘Gas-lamp entomology,” by J. Arkle. The remaining part of 
the number consists of notes, captures, etc., and the doings of societies. 


““RHOPALOCERA NIHONICA: a description of the butterflies of Japan,’’ 
by H. Pryer. Part 3 for December, 1889, has arrived, completing the work. 
Owing to the lamentable and untimely death of the author on the 17th of 
February, 1888, the preparation for the press of the unpublished portion 
of the work was undertaken’by James Bisset, F.L.S. The text is in Eng- 
lish and Japanese, and colored figures, notes, description of species, time 
of appearance and food-plants are given. 


Trans. Kansas Acap. Sc. Vol. 11, 1887-88.—‘‘ Notes on the early 
stages of Nerice bidentata, Anisota stigma and Callimorpha suffusa,” by 
C. L. Marlatt. 


ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL History.—‘‘ Description of 
a new genus of Oriental Cicadidz,’’ (Zalainga) by W. L. Distant. 
“Description of two new species of Acrea from Mombasa,”’ by H. Grose 


60 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. (April, 


Smith. ‘‘Observations on some Coleoptera from the Bonin Islands,” by 
C. O. Waterhouse and C. J. Gahan. ‘‘ Description of three new species 
of butterflies from New Ireland,” by H. Grose Smith. ‘Seasonal di- 
morphism in Japanese butterflies,” by Dr. Adolf Fritze. 


‘es PARNASSIENS DE LA FAUNE PALEARCTIQUE,”’ par Jules Léon Am- 
stat, Leipzig, 1889.—This is practically a monograph of the genus, all the 
species being mentioned, except our American Parnassius clodius. There 
are two hundred and twenty-two pages devoted to descriptions, history, 
etc., of the species and varieties, and thirty-two plates, representing a 
number of figures delineating the species, varieties and comparative anat- 
omy. The figures are fine examples of chromo-lithography. 


‘“‘S. AFRICAN BUTTERFLIES: A monograph of the extra-tropical species,” 
by Roland Trimen and James Henry Bowker, Vol. 3.—Papilionidee and 
Hesperidz. This volume completes the work; it contains four hundred 
and thirty-eight pages and twenty-eight colored figures. These three 
volumes make a very valuable addition to the literature of the subject, and 
are very exhaustive. 


The ZOOLOGISCHER ANZEIGER for Feb. 10, 1890, contains a summary 
of J. Carriere’s studies ‘‘On the embryological development of the Wall 
Bee (Chalicodoma muraria Fab.) 


Le NATURALISTE for Feb. 15, 1890, contains an article by L. Cuénot, 
‘‘On the means of defense of Arthropods,” including references to insects, 
and P. Dognin describes a new lepidopter from Loja, Oa-ytenis? ecua- 
dorensis. 


The ENTOMOLOGISCHE NACHRICHTEN (Berlin) for February, 1890, con- 
tains ‘‘ Pentathemis membranulata, a new Australian Libellulid with five- 
sided cardinal cell,’ by Dr. F. Karsch, describing a new genus Pentathe- 
mis (family Cordulina), type P. membranulata n. sp. from Torres Strait, — 
with a woodcut of forewing. ‘On varieties of European Cicindelidz,”’ 
by H. Beuthin. ‘‘On Galls and Gall-flies from flower-heads of various 
Compositz (continued),’”’ by J. J. Kieffer, including Cecidomyia florum 
n. sp. ‘‘ New Histeridz (Coleoptera),’”’ by Joh. Schmidt (continued), nine 
species of the genera Stictostix, Tvibalus, Pelorurus and Saprinus, from 
Australia, Africa and South America. Some shorter hotes and notices of 
recent entomological works. 


INDIAN Museum Notes (economic) Vol. 1, No. 2; one hundred and 
twenty pages, three plates, Calcutta, 1889; published by authority of the 
Government of India. 


In Le NATURALISTE (Paris) for Feb. 1, 1890, Ed. André has a note on 
“Les larves de Malachius (Coleoptera, fam. Malacodermidz),”’ with two 
woodcuts of the larva of J/. bipustulatus. P. Dognin diagnoses two new 
Lepidoptera from Zamora, Amaluza and Loja—Acidatia adela and Cabe- 
rodes snellenaria. 


j 
4 


1890. ] | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 61 


The Orvos-TERMESZETTUDOMANYI ERTEsITO (Medical and Natural 


Science Communications, being the organ of that Section of the Transyl- 


vanian Museum Union), Vol. XIV, 3 heft, 1889, contains ‘‘ Contributions 
to the Coleopterous fauna of Transylvania,’ by L. V. Méhely. It is a list 
of species with notes in Hungarian. A German summary is given p. 295; 
also a “‘ Notice of his entomological excursion into Széklerland,”’ by Dr. A. 
Balint; a general list of insects taken. 


Le NATURALISTE CANADIEN for January, 1890, contains notes on the 
Jassidze (Hemiptera-Homoptera) of the province of Quebec, and describes 
as new,— 7hamnotettix decipiens and Bythoscopus pruni (Fitch ms.) 


In the TRANSACTIONS OF THE MARYLAND ACADEMY OF SCIENCES for 
1888-89, pp. 33-44, Prof. P. R. Uhler describes some ‘‘ New genera and 
species of American Homoptera.’’ The new genera are Scaphoideus 
(fam. Jassidz), type /. immistus Say and three new species; Dyctide 
(fam. Issidz), type D. angustata and one other new species; Dictyobia 
(Issidz), type D. permutata n. sp.; Dictyonia (Issidz), type D. obscura 
n. sp., Danepteryx (Issidz), type D. manca n. sp.; also a new species of 
Tilicen (cupreo-sparsa). Most of these new species are from California. 


In It NATURALISTA SICILIANO for Dec. 1, 1889, B. Grassi and G. Ro- 
velli publish their sixth memoir on the Progenitors of the Myriapods and 
Insects by a (continued) study on the Italian 7hysanura. Four new spe- 
cies of Lepisma are described. 


We have received from the author a copy of “‘ Die Tagfalter (Rhopal- 
ocera) Europas und des Caucasus. Analytisch bearbeitet von K. L. Bram- 
son. Kiew. Verlag des Verfassers, 1890.’’ In this work Prof. Bramson 
publishes analytical tables of the families, genera and species of the but- 
terflies of Europe and the Caucasus, with notes on the distribution and 


. time of appearance of each species. A list of all the species (330 in num- , 


ber) with their varieties and synonyms, and alphabetical lists of the fami- 
lies, genera and species are given. One plate showing the terminology 
of the wings and head of a lepidopter accompanies this work, which ought 
to be of great use to students of the European Rhopalocera. 


R. Moniez has a (continued) paper on the “ Acari and Marine Insects of 
the sides of the Boulonnais’’ in the ‘‘ Revue Biologique du Nord de la 
France (Lille),’’ 2me Année, No. 5, Fevrier, 18go. 


The ENTOMOLOGISK TIJDSKRIFT (published in Swedish, with short re- 
sumés in French, by the Entomological Society of Stockholm) Arg. ro, 
1889, Haft 1-4, contains, besides other notes, the continuation of H. D. J. 
Wallengren’s ‘‘ Skandinaviens vecklarefjarilar,” relating to the Tortricide. 
“New contributions to the myriopodology of Scandinavia,’’ by C. O. v. 
Porat. Lists of entomological papers of 1888, relating to Scandinavia and 
Finland, and a new species of Charaves (regius from the Cameroons), by 
Chr. Aurivillius. 


62 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, — 


The Zweite Abtheilung of Dr. Arnold Lang’s Lehrbuch der Vergleich- 
enden Anatomie (Text-book of Comparative Anatomy), Jena, 1889, con- 
tains that portion of the work. treating of the Insecta. According to the 
classification here adopted the Insecta (ea-apoda) are divided into sixteen 
orders. Dr. Lang successively treats of the External Organization, Integu- 
ment, Musculature, Alimentary Canal, Nervous System, Sense Organs, 
Circulatory System, Fat Bodies, Respiratory System, Sound-producing 
Apparatus, Sexual Organs, Dimorphism and Polymorphism, Development 
and Life-history, and Phylogeny of Insects. A bibliography of important 
works on the anatomy, development, etc., of insects completes this section. 


ZOOLOGISCHER ANZEIGER for January, 1890, No. 326, contains ‘“‘ Further 
observations on the Dorsal Gland in the Abdomen of Periplaneta and its 
allies,’ by Edw. A. Minchin. ‘Note on the Sexual Apertures of the 
Lepidoptern Chrysalis,’ by W. Hatchett Jackson. Note on H. T. Fer- 
’ nald’s paper entitled, ‘‘ External Sexual Markings of Pupz.”’ 


‘‘ Butterflies of North America,’ by W. H. Edwards, third series, part 
9, contains figures and descriptions of Avg. névadensis 2, A. halcyoneg. 
Life-history of Arg. aphrodite, Satyrus pegala, Sat. alope var., Erebia 
epipsodea, figures and life-history, also figure of epipsodea var. Brucet. 


ENTOMOLOGIST’Ss MONTHLY MAGAZINE, February, 1890, ‘‘ Gelechia 
portlandicella n. sp.’’ by N. M. Richardson. ‘‘ Nepticula auromarginella 
n. sp.”? by N. M. Richardson. ‘‘ Description of the Micropteryx of the 
hazel (MZ. Kaltenbachii),’’ by H. T. Stainton. ‘‘ Notes on Dr. Jordan’s 
observations on Norwegian Lepidoptera,’’ by W. M. Schéyen. ‘‘On the 
Coleoptera found in a small mossy bank at Knowle, Warwickshire,” by 
W. G. Blatch. ‘‘ Notes on the metamorphoses of two species of the genus 
Tinodes,’’ by Kenneth J. Morton. ‘‘ Observations on Coccidz,”’ by Al- 
bert C. T. Morgan. Diaspis zamie@ n. sp. described. ‘‘ Descriptions of 
new species of South American Halticidz of the group Gdipodes,” by 
Martin Jacoby. 


AMERICAN NATURALIST, January, 18go, ‘‘ Rectal Glands in Coleoptera,” 
by H. T. Fernald. . 


Queries and Answers. 


P. C. TRUMAN writes, “ will you kindly give me a little aid through the 
News. Some of my set specimens of butterflies and moths show spots, 
which have seemed to slowly spread. These spots are darker than the 
balance of the wing, and they look shiny and oily. What is the matter, 
and what is the remedy ?’’——The disfigurement is due to oil being ab- 
sorbed by capillary attraction into the wings from the body. Why some 
specimens grease and others do not is probably not known. Take a tum- 


: 


_ 


1890. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 63 


bler or other convenient vessel and press into the bottom of it a piece of 
cork so that it will remain tightly wedged, then pin in your oily specimen 
and pour in the glass enough gasoline, refined benzine or chloroform, to 
cover it to the depth of an inch above the wings, and then cover the glass 
to prevent evaporation. Allow it to remain for three-quarters of an hour, 
then take out the specimen and put it to dry ina place free from dust. 


_ This treatment makes them look fresh and bright, and relieves them of all 


traces of oil. If afterwards the specimen needs resetting it can be relaxed 
as usual. The same gasoline can be used a number of times. 


Dr. A. E. Kunze writes as follows: ‘‘ As a suggestion I would offer the 
desirability of giving stations for insects the same as botanists give locali- 
ties for all plants inhabiting a certain radius of miles. Botanical catologues 
of local stations are issued by several societies. Is it not feasible in the 
field of entomology? Why not try the experment? Would it not assist 
working entomologists? Surely many insects are as local as plants.’>—— 
This has been done to a certain extent, but notas commonly as in Botany. 
Careful and accurately made local lists are very useful to the collector, the 
student of geographical distribution and the economic entomologist, and 
their value is enhanced if the dates of occurrence are given. 


Doings of Societies. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION ACADEMY NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILA- 
DELPHIA, Feb. 27, 1890.—Members present : Messrs. Cresson, Martindale, 
Smith, Blake, Ridings, G. B. Cresson, Laurent, Skinner, Calvert, Liebeck, 


_ Westcott, Castle and Seeber. Dr. Geo H. Horn, Director, in the chair. 


Mr. Martindale exhibited a living specimen of Belostoma Americana? 
which had cut off a water supply by being wedged in a pipe, and had been 
found by the aid of a plumber. He stated that he had endeavored to find 
a description of the species, but had failed, as nearly all authors attributed 
the description to Leidy in Vol. 1, 2d ser. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 
58, but it is not given there. The poisonous character of the insect, and 
its habit of preying on shell fish, young trout and other fishes, were dis- 
cussed at length. Mr. Charles Liebeck exhibited specimens of a new spe- 
cies of Cenbrinus? which he had first noticed in June, 1886, feeding on 
Chenopodium album, a plant introduced from Europe. Dr. Horn said the 
species was indigenous, for the reason that the genus was not found in 
Europe. He also called attention to the small characters in the Coleoptera, 
which are often overlooked, and spoke of their importance from a classi- 
ficatory standpoint, for if they were properly studied it was not unusual to 
find them develop into larger structures which could be used to advantage 
in classification. He promised to speak later on in regard to Cercyon and 
its allies, and their mutual relationship. Mr. Liebeck donated to the 


64 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, 


cabinet specimens of Zachygonus centralis and Mecynotarsus candidus. 
Mr. Calvert presented one male type of Leucorhinia proxima n. sp. and 
one female of Z. ivtacta Hag. 


COLORADO BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, West Cliff, Feb. 1, 1890.—Mr. 
Cockerell exhibited a number of galls found at West Cliff, Col., including 
those of Rhodites fusciformans n, sp., R. bicolor Harr., R. rosefolie 
Ckll., R. ignota O. S., Cecidomyia salicis-siligua Walsh. 

February 22d.—Mr. T. Charlton exhibited specimens of Cemthophilus 
maculatus Scud., which he had found in the Powhattan Mine, near Rosita, 
Col., about 250 feet from the entrance. Two subterranean occurrences of 
this species had already been recorded by Packard (‘* Cave Faun. of N. 
Amer.”’ p. 72) in Massachusetts and New York. Mr. Cockerell exhibited 
an apparently new genus and species of Elateridz found at West Cliff, 
and remarked that this insect was now being studied by Dr. Horn, with a 
view to ascertaining its precise relationships. On behalf of Mr. H. G. 
Smith, Jr., the following Coleoptera, collected by him at Denver, were 
exhibited; Bruchus obsoletus var. fab@ Riley, Euryomia inda L., Silpha 
lapponica .., Chauliognathus basalis Lec. and Hippodamia convergens 
Guér. A letter from Mr. L. Bruner, containing identifications of Colorado 
Orthoptera was laid before the meeting. Among the Orthoptera was an 
apparently new species of Ame/es from Custer County. 

T. D. A. CocKERELL, Sec. 


— 


MORE MISTAKES. 


Some of our readers have kindly pointed out a number of oversights in 
proof-reading, which we desire to correct. 
Page 15, line 30, for 7enzera read Zeuzera. An unsuccessful attempt 
was made to correct this error in the errata given at 
bottom of page 47. 
Page 21, line 16, for 1886, read 1836. 
“26, ‘* 20, for ABCANTHIA read ACANTHIA. 


27, 20, for symmetrical read asymmetrical. 
“29, ‘* 18, for Frohaws read Frohawk. 
** 30, ‘ 19, for Cobhane read Cobham. 
‘€ 30, “* 33, for Limnophilas read Limnophilus. 


48, last line, for January read February. 


8@~ ENTOMOLOGICAL News for January was mailed Jan. 15, 1890; for February, Jan- 
31, 1890; for March, Feb. 27, 1890. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 


AND 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION, 


ACADEMY NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. 


Veiads.- MAY, 18go. No. 5. 
CONTENTS: 
Cockerell—What are the uses of bright | NOt@S ARR WS sc. ss cccsi:n-vecnnccdaseveqsessoees 74 
colors in ppt pater : eee 65 | Entomological Literature......sssesssses0e: 77 
Van Winkle—Collecting by lamplight.. 68 ‘ be 
SEE Mtbenentary Ritomology...:... 0 DOINGS GE RBOCICLIES.....c0ee..senssiassanecacnes 79 
Calvert—Additional notes on some N. 
American Odonata..... ateteeseneneee saeee 73 


What are the uses of bright colors in Hymenoptera? 
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL. 


Following somewhat on the lines indicated in my letter pub- 
lished in the February number, p. 27, with the editor’s permission, 
I will put the above question to your readers. Hereafter, I may 
have something to say on the uses of color among insects in gen- 
eral, but the present question seems so suitable for general inves- 
tigation that I will briefly give some of the vos and cons and 
leave your-readers to work the matter out themselves if they will. 
In that admirable work, ‘‘ Darwinism,” Dr. A. R. Wallace lays 
considerable stress on ‘‘ Warning coloration,’’ and shows that 
many animals are conspicuously colored as a sign that they are 
dangerous or inedible. With insects this is said to be specially 
noticeable, and thus insectivorous birds and other enemies of the 
insect tribes get to know and avoid those they cannot eat, to the 
great advantage of such. 

On p. 233 of ‘‘ Darwinism’? is a reference to the Aculeate Hy- 
menoptera in this connection, as follows: ‘‘ We all know how 
well marked and conspicuous are the colors and forms of the 
stinging wasps and bees, no one of which in any part of the world 

5 


66 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, 


is known to be protectively colored like the majority of defence- 
less insects.’’ Reading this I at once called to mind the numerous 
dull-colored species of Andrena, Halictus, etc. , and the ‘brilliantly- 
colored, non-aculeate Chrysidide and Chalcididaad so that it 
seemed to me that in this case, at any rate, ‘‘ warning coloration’ 
was not self-evident, so I submitted the point to Dr. Wallace, 
himself, who replied: 

‘‘Though the Andrenidz are not usually gayly colored, yet 
they are not zxconspicuous. The Chrysididz are, I should think, 
colored so brilliantly partly, perhaps, to simulate stinging species, 
and partly to prevent their being taken for fruits or seeds when 
rolled up. They are very hard, and like many hard beetles are 
colored as a warning of inedibility.”’ (A. R. Wallace zu Hitt. Feb. 
10, 1890) 

Here it would be interesting to learn whether the Chrysidida* 
are eaten by insectivorous birds. A spider, Aysticus cristatus, 
has been recorded as preying on Chrysis ignita in Lincolnshire, 
England, by Mr. H. W. Kew. 

But to return to the acwleata, are they notable for warning 
coloration? To ascertain the exact state of the case from one who 
has paid much attention to the subject. I applied to Mr. Ash- 
mead and here is his reply: 


‘‘The family Chalcididz is without doubt the most extensive 
in the order, and taken as a whole the most brilliantly colored; 
no other family, not even excepting the Chrysididze, can compare 
with it in the metallic brilliancy of its members. ‘‘ In my opinion, 
when the species are thoroughly worked up, in this single family 
alone, their members will more than double the species in a// the 
families of the Acu/eata taken together, so numerous are they. 


‘It is really only among the parasitic bees that we find much 
brilliant metallic coloring, a few genera in Apide and Andrenide. 


‘‘Tn Andrenidz only two genera, Angochlora and Agapostemon | 


are very brilliant, on some //alicti show some. 


* Although the Chry sidide: are classed with the bees, etc., they are not acu/eata, Mr. 
Ashmead has kindly stated their systematic position to me as follows: “‘ Although they 
are certainly Hymenoptera monotrocha and belong to the section with the bees, strictly 
speaking they can hardly be called true Acwleata, being, as Latreille observes, ‘sur les 
confins des deux sections,’ and were formerly classed with the 7eredvantia. I agree with 
Westwood in considering them more closely allied to certain Proctotrupids, i.e., the Dry- 
ninge ane Bethylinz, than to the bees. If I had the time I could point out some very 
remarkable structural similarities.” (im Zi#t. Feb. 5, 1890) 


— 


ons, 


1890. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 67 


‘*T am of course speaking of the insects found in N. America, 
as I am not very familiar with exotic or oriental forms. 

‘In family Vespide there are none; in Eumenide none; in 
Masaridz none; in Crabronidz only a few species in the genera 
Trypoxylon and Oxybelus show any and then usually confined 
to the pubescence; in Pemphredonidee all are black or ornate 
with white and yellow; in Mellinide and Mimeside the same, 
although sometimes the pubescence is silvery or golden; in the 
Philanthidz they are highly colored, but are not metallic, or but 
seldom show any metallic splendor; in Nyssonidz and Bembicidze 
the same; in the Larridz some of the forms do, but strictly speak- 
ing they are not brilliant, and the metallic coloring is usually 
confined to the vestiture; the family Ampulicidz has but one spe- 
cies in America, and that is dark colored. In the family Sphecidz 
a large percentage show metallic colors, but only a few are very 
brilliant; in Pompilidz only a few; the Sapygide are highly col- 
ored, but not metallic; in the Scoliidz only a few forms, while in 
the Mutillidaee and Formicidz none that I know of. 

‘““ So now you have the showing, the North American Aculeata 
make, in a nutshell (W. H. Ashmead zz Z#. Feb. 5, 1890).’’ 

From which summary it becomes evident that, as a whole, the 
aculeata do not compare in brilliancy with very many of the non- 
stinging kinds. Nor is it clear that the stings altogether protect 
the bees and wasps from birds, or render them inedible. Dr. 
Wallace remarks (Darwinism, p.—239): ‘‘ We see that even the 
powerful stings of bees and wasps only protect them against some 
enemies, since a tribe of birds, the bee-eaters, have been devel- 
oped to feed upon them, and some frogs and lizards do so occa- 
sionally.”’ ; 

Dr. Riley records that sparrows (Passer domesticus) feed on 
Flalictus, Tiphia, Myzine and ants. In no less than ¢hzrty cases 
was Myzine sexcincta found in the sparrow’s stomachs, and this 
is a brightly marked (though not metallic) species, which, per- 
haps, theoretically should not have been eaten. I have found 
ants in the stomach of Sta/ia arctica, shot in Custer County, Col. 
‘The stomach of a woodpecker, shot by Rev. A. Wright in the 
same locality, contained a great number of ants; the majority 
apparently Formica Susca, with a few F. integra. In England 
the tom-tit (Parus) is known to wage constant war against 


‘Bombus. 


68 . ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, 


So clearly, the Aculeata do not always escape! Myzine sex- 
cincta is marked pretty much as most of the species of Vespa, 
Odynerus and Craéro, and yet is not protected. So here is the 
great class of yellow markings on black, apparently useless for 
warning purposes. The humming and buzzing of bees may 
likely frighten their enemies in some cases. Certainly it scares 
those of the genus Homo in most cases. But that has nothing to 
do with the colors. 

There seems to be a tendency for insects which are carnivorous 


in their early stages to be metallic, but there are very many ex- — 


ceptions to this rule. Thus in Coleoptera the Carabidz are often 
metallic, but so are many of the plant-feeding Chrysomelida and 
several of the Curculionidz, while many carnivorous beetles are 
dull. In Diptera, the blow-fly, Zucz/ia, is metallic. In Hymen- 
optera, the parasitic Chalcididz are mostly metallic, while the 
plant-feeding Cynipidz are brown, black or yelloar And so 
on through numerous examples. 

So much then on the colors of the stinging and seats Hy- 
menoptera. The question remains, what are they for? Why 
do they exist? 


0). 
Vv 


COLLECTING BY LAMPLIGHT. 


BY A. S. VAN WINKLE. 


No doubt many entomologists have spent night after night col- 
lecting different species of moths which can only be taken after 
dark. Many atime have I spent night after night, alone, down 
in the dark forest bordering the Mississippi in collecting on very 
warm, dark and damp nights when the harvest would be very 
productive, as many different species of Bombycide, Noctuide, 
Geometridez, Pyralidz, Tortricide, Tineidze and Pterophoride 
would be captured, while on other nights I would be doomed to 
disappointment for after being up almost night I would collect 
little or nothing. 

When one reads Dr. Wallace’s delightful work entitled, ‘‘ The 
Malay Archipelago,’’ giving his experience of collecting in the 
eastern Tropics, especially the part referring to the subject of 
moth collecting at night, he cannot fail to appreciate its impor- 
tance. Knowing full well that the readers of ENTOMOLOGICAL 


1890. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 69 


News, especially those who have not had the pleasure of reading 
Dr. Wallace’s work will be interested in it, and that ENTOMo- 
LOGICAL News is chiefly devoted to this kind of literature I take 
pleasure in quoting the following passage: ‘‘ While collecting on 
the island of Borneo what occupied me most was the great abun- 
dance of moths which, on certain occasions, I was able to capture. 
As during the whole eight years’ wanderings in the East I never 
found another spot where these insects were at all plentiful, it 
will be interesting to state the exact conditions under which I 
here obtained them. On the one side of the cottage there was 
a verandah looking down the whole side of the mountain, and to 
its summit on the right all densely clothed with forest. The 
boarded sides of the cottage were whitewashed and the roof of 
the verandah was low and whitewashed. As soon as it became 
dark I placed my lamp on the table against the wall and with pins, 
insect-forceps, net and collecting-boxes by my side, sat down 
with a book. Sometimes during the whole evening only a soli- 
tary. moth would visit me, while on other nights they would pour 
in in a continual stream, keeping me hard at work catching and 
pinning till past midnight, as they came literally by thousands. 
These good nights were very few. During the four weeks that 
I spent altogether on the hill I only had four really good nights, 
and these were always rainy, and the best of them soaking wet, 
but wet, rainy nights, were not always good, for a rainy moon- 
light night produced next to nothing. All the chief tribes of 
moths were represented, and the beauty and variety of the species 
was very great. On good nights I was able to capture from a 
hundred to two nundred and fifty moths, and these comprised on 
each occasion from half to two-thirds that number of distinct 
species. Some of them would settle on the wall, some on the 
table, while many would fly up to the roof and gave me a chase 
all over the verandah before I could secure them. 


(To be continued.) 


(). 
Vv 


Notre.—By a slip of the pen I quoted Mr. Blanchard incor- 
rectly in the April NEws. Corymbites crassus is the female of 
divaricatus, and not as | there stated of zzflatus.—G. H. Horn. 


70 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, 


ELEMENTARY ENTOMOLOGY. | 
FIRST PAPER—WHAT IS AN INSECT? 


While the study of Entomology, or the knowledge of Insects, 
is one of the most fascinating of pursuits, it is not a matter of 
wonder that many have been deterred from undertaking it, be- 
cause of the difficulties with which it is hedged about, and the 
array of strange, technical words with which it is surrounded. 
The purpose of these articles is, therefore, to endeavor to popu- 
larize the study by explaining, in as simple a manner as possible, 
the various technical terms which, of necessity, must be employed 
by scientific writers. 

The word Insect is, as a rule, very loosely employéd by those 
who have not studied the subject. Even scientific usage of the 
word has varied, and Insects are sometimes regarded as equiva- 
lent to the group described later on in this paper under the name 
of Tracheata. In this series the word Insect is used in a restricted 
sense, and does not include such animals as spiders, centipedes 
and mites, and yet we would not exclude from the pages of this 
journal information about such creatures, since we hope to give 
our readers some very interesting notes on spiders (as well as on 
ants), from the pen of our fellow-member, the Rev. Dr. McCook, 
who’ has made the study of their habits a specialty, and who 
knows so well how to interest his readers. 

Insects may be described as being (1) joint-footed animals, 
breathing by trachez; (2) having the body of the adult divided 
into three distinct portions, —head, thorax and abdomen; (3) 
having in the perfect or imeem state, one pair of antenne attached 
to the head. 

(1) The joint-footed aniaiaaae or technically the Arthropoda 
(which is the Greek equivalent), are formed on a different plan 
from the other branches of the animal kingdom. Their bodies 
are composed of a series of rings (or segments), within which are 
the vital apparatus and muscles. It is true that many of the 
Worms have their bodies segmented, but no Worms have jointed 
feet. A vast number of animals are included within the A7thro- 
poda,—not only the /rsecta, but also the Arachnida (spiders, 
scorpions, etc.), the J/yriapoda (centipedes, millipedes, etc.), 


certain curious animals known as Onychophora, and the Crustacea 


. ee ne ve eT 


eel oes! ba i. tet _ 


18go. } ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 71 


(crabs, lobsters, shrimps, etc.). It is necessary, therefore, to 
find some differences which will distinguish the Insects from all 
other Arthropods.* One of these is the breathing by ¢rachee, 
which are tubes, composed of thin membranes kept open by a 
fine, but stiff, wiry thread twisted spirally throughout the whole 
course of the tubes. The trachez have their external openings, 
called spiracles or stigmata, along the sides of the body.. From 
the spiracles the tracheze pass inwards and ramify in all directions 
throughout the body. The Crustacea breathe by gills, and hence 
form a division of the Arthropods called Branchiata (from the 
Greek work érangchia, gills). All other Arthropods than the 
crustacea breathe by trachez, or similar structures, and hence 
form the division 7vacheata. 

(2) The body of an adult insect is divided into three regions,— 
head, thorax and abdomen. In the Crustacea and Arachnida, 
there are, as a rule, fwo regions, the united head and thorax 
(cephalo-thorax), and the abdomen. In the Onychophorans and 
Myriapods the body is worm-like, and can hardly be said to be 
divided into regions (although, of course, segmented); the head, 
however, is distinct. 

(3) Insects, when they have attained their imago or perfect 
form, have one pair of antenne (or ‘‘feelers’’) attached to the 
head, three pairs of /egs which are restricted to the thorax, and 
usually two pairs of wizgs, also attached to the thorax. The 
Arachnida have no true antennz, but have four pairs of legs at- 
tached to the thoracic part of the cephalo-thorax. The Myria- 
poda and Onychophora have one pair of antennz and numerous 
pairs of legs. The Crustacea have two pairs of antennz and 
usually five or more pairs of legs to the thoracic part of the 
cephalo-thorax, and often some abdominal legs. No other Ar- 
thropoda than the Insecta have wings, and even some Insects are 
destitute of them during their entire life. 

With respect to the states or forms assumed in the course of 
their lives, Insects may be grouped into three divisions : 

1. Insects which pass through four states, viz., (1) the Egg, 
(2) the Larva (caterpillar, maggot, grub, or ‘‘ worm’’f), (3) the 
Pupa (chrysalis), usually a quiescent state, and (4) the /mago 
(perfect insect). 


* The characters given in this paper for the classes of Arthropoda are mainly those used 
in Claus and Sedgwick’s excellent Text Book of Zoology. 
t Such as the “‘ Tomato-worm,” ‘‘ Grape-vine worm,” and similar plant-feeders. 


72 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | [May, 


2. Insects which pass through three states, viz., (1) the Egg, 
(2) the Nymph and (3) the Zmago. 

3. Insects which pass through two states, viz., (1) the Zgg, 
and (2) the Larva-form. 

1. Insects passing through four such states differ very much 
when in their larval state from the form which they possess when 
in their imago state, and hence are said to undergo a complete 
metamorphosis or transformation. Such are Bees, Butterflies, 
Beetles, etc. Very frequently the pupa is enclosed in a cocoon of 
silk, earth, chips, or other substance. ‘ 

2. In other insects there is no distinction between the larval and 
pupal states, and the larva much resembles the imago, although 
differing noticeably by the wings being not yet developed as or- 
gans of flight. Such insects pass through an zucomp/lete trans- . 
formation. Lately the word Mymph has been used to denote 
that state of existence in such insects between the egg and the 
imago, although formerly it was synonymous with pupa. Insects 
with an incomplete transformation are Grasshoppers, Dragflies, etc. 

3. These insects undergo no transformatton, the larval form 
being retained to the end of their existence. Such are Fish- 
moths and Spring-tails. ' 

The growth of an insect is completed in its larval or its nymph 
state, and however long an insect may live, it never increases in 
size after it has attained its perfect form. The modes of passing 
through the successive changes of form vary much in the different 
orders of insects, and are always full of interest to careful ob- 
servers. These changes will be referred to in future articles on 
the various orders. 

The principal characters which distinguish the Insecta from the 
other classes of Arthropoda may be tabulated as follows (These 
characters apply only to adult individuals): 


Arthropoda.—Animals with a segmented body and jointed segmental 
appendages. 


A.—Breathing by gills (Division Branchiata.) 
Body usually divided into a cephalo-thorax and an abdomen; two pairs 


of antenne . : ‘ : ° ; Class I, Crustacea. 


B.—Breathing by trachez (Division 7racheat/a.) 
1. No true antennz (Subdivision Chelicerota.) 
Body usually divided into a cephalo-thorax and an abdomen; four 
pairs of thoracic feet; no abdominal feet. Class II, Arachnida. 


1890. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 73 


2. With one pair of antennz (Subdivision Antennata). 
a. Body not divided into regions; feet fairly numerous, 
Class III, Onychophora (or Prototracheata). 
Class IV, Myriapoda. 
b. Body divided into head, thorax and abdomen; six feet, restricted 
to thorax. , 
Usually with two pairs of wings, Class V. Insecta (or Hexapoda). 


Pir. G. 


=o 


Additional Notes on some North American Odonata. 
BY PHILIP P. CALVERT. 


On Jan. 28, 1890, were published the separate copies of my 
paper entitled, ‘‘ Notes on some North American Odonata, with 
descriptions of three new species (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xvii, 
pp. 33—40, 1 pl.).”’ During the next two days I sent copies of 
q my paper to various students of the Odonata. One of the new 

species I described under the name of Leucorhinia Hageni, fig- 
uring the inferior appendage and hamule of the male, and the 
: vulvar lamina of the female. Under date of Feb. 2, 1890, Dr. 
‘ Hagen wrote to me acknowledging the receipt of my paper, and 
7 stated that ‘‘ your Hagenz is, I believe, L. hudsonica Selys.’’ He 
F also sent me drawings of the male hamule and female valvules of 
hudsonica. 1 can now see no reason for believing Hagenz to be 
specifically distinct. 
3 Since the publication of my paper, Mr. Charles W. Johnson 
_ has kindly looked over my Floridan types of Lepthemis gravida. 
He tells me that he has collected this species flying over the salt 
marshes near St. Augustine, Fla.. In the habitat given originally 
(1. ec. p. 36) for this species, I have misspelled Ponto Rasso for 
Punta Rassa. 


Students of the Odonata must rejoice in the recent publication 
of two parts of Dr. Hagen’s new ‘‘ Synopsis of the Odonata of 
North America,’’ published in ‘‘ Psyche’’ vol. v, Nos. 160 and 
i 166, and dealing with the genera Calopteryx and Anax. I have 
: recently compared the specimens of Calopferyx in my colleetion 

and that of the American Entomological Society, with Dr. Hagen’s 
paper on that genus. In both collections Calopteryx is but poorly 
represented, and but few new facts were ascertained from the 
comparison. 


a, 


74 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, 


Five North American species are recognized in the paper re- 
ferred to, viz.: C. angustipennis, amata, dimidiata (with race 
apicalis), equabilis (with races hudsonica and yakima) and macu- 
lata, Of these I have seen damidiata (and r. . apicalis), aequabilis 
and maculata. 

Dr. Hagen states (‘‘ Psyche,”’ Vv, p. 242) that ‘‘ The genus 
Calopteryx largely represented in the northern boreal and tem- 
perate zone nowhere passes to the south beyond the zoth degree.”’ 
I possess a male dzmidiata, formerly in the collection of Prof. P. 
R. Uhler, of Baltimore; when Prof. Uhler gave this specimen to 
me it bore (and still bears) the label ‘‘ Calopteryx, Honduras.”’ 
Honduras, including that part under British rule, extends from 
about the 18th to the 13th parallel of North latitude. The most 
southern locality in all America for any species of Calopteryx, as 
given by Dr. Hagen, is Florida. 

In the Am. Ent. Soc. collection are two males of apicadis from 
Delaware, a new locality. In the same collection are two females, 


one certainly, the other probably from Delaware; I think that 


they also belong to aficalzs. The measurements of these females 
are: Total length Ao AG 5 mm.; abdomen, 31.5—32.5 mm.; 
anterior wing, 30 mm.; posterior, ie mm. 

Of eguabilis | possess one male and one female, both taken 
by Mr. Harry L. Walker at Belvidere, Bone County, Ill, June 
29, 1888, ‘‘on the bank of a little stream.’’ Both agree’ very 
well with Dr. Hagen’s description, except that the wings of the 
female are hardly smoky at the apex. 

For maculata | add a new locality, Tama County, Iowa; two 
males and one female taken June 21, 28, 29, 1889, by Miss Alda 
M. Sharp. 


Notes and News. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS 
OF THE GLOBE. 
[The Conductors of ENromoLocicaL News solicit, and will thankfully receive items 


of news, likely to interest its readers, from any source. The author’s name will be given 
in each case ‘or the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] 


IDENTIFICATION OF INSECTS (IMAGOS) FOR SUBSCRIBERS.—Specimens 
will be named under the following conditions: 


———— ee 


Se 


hy ee ag 
ae ee eae 


~ 1890.] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 75 


1st.—The number of specimens to be limited to twelve (12) for each 
sending. 

2d.—The sender to pay all expenses of transportation and the insects 
to become the property of the American Entomological Society. 

3d.—Each specimen must have a number attachcd so that the identifica- 
tions may be announced accordingly. . 

Such identifications as can be given will be published according to | 
number, in the issues of the News. Address packages to Entomological 
News, Acad. Nat. Sci., Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. 


Notes From CoLtorapo.— 7imothy bugs. On Aug. 21, 1889, I took 
3 and 2 Pentatomids on Timothy-grass (Phleum pratense) by Willow 
Creek, Custer County, Col. They are identified by Mr. Ashmead as Ho- 
memus bijugis Uhler, which is probably a variety of H. aneifrons Say. 

Yucca-insects. One day I examined the flowers of Yucca angustifolia 
at West Cliff for insects, having at the time just read some articles on the 
Yucca controversy.. I found many Aphides, and some ants, possibly 
Formica ciliata Mayr, and on the outside of one of the flowers a bee, 
Nomia nortoni Cress. The Hymenoptera were kindly examined by Mr. 
Ashmead. 

Cenonympha eggs. On June 26, 1889, I caught a Q Cenonympha 
ochracea near Texas Creek, Custer County. From its abdomen I ob- 
tained an egg by pressure; it was pale yellow, globular and large for the 
size of the insect. It proved infertile —T. D. A. COCKERELL. 


J. W. Turt—Rayleigh Villa, Westcombe Park, London, E. England— 
is engaged on a Monograph of the varieties of Nocru occurring in Great . 
Britain, with descriptions, etc., of the varieties of these species occurring 
in other countries, and would be pleased to hear from the readers of En- 
TOMOLOGICAL News as to any striking forms of variation that may come 
under their notice. 


THE GLANVILLE FRITLARY.—‘ This butterfly took its name from the 
ingenious ).ady Glanville, whose memory liked to have suffered for her 
curiosity. Some relations that were disappointed by her will, attempted 
to set it aside by acts of lunacy; for they suggested that none but those 
who were deprived of ‘their senses, would go in pursuit of butterflies. 
Her relations and legatees cited Sir Hans Sloane and Mr. Ray to support 
her character; the last gentleman went to Exeter, and on the trial satisfied 
the judge and jury of the lady’s laudable inquiry into the wonderful works 
of the Creation; and established her will.—Aarris’ Aurelian 1766. 


“T RECOLLECT some ten or twelve years ago, one Sunday, whilst col- 
lecting in a neglected field, near Bernard’s dam, that the proprietor of the 
ground, or of some neighboring territory, a pleasant, hale old gentleman, 
came down in his shirt sleaves to gratify his curiosity in regard to my 
doings. He first approached with the proper caution due to nearing an 
equivocal animal, but assuring himself by the placidity of my countenance, 
doubtless, that there was no apparent danger to be dreaded, he approached 


76 ENTOMOLOGICAL : NEWS. [May, 


me, and in the Pennsylvania German dialect asked what I was doing. I 
showed him my collecting-box and its contents, my net, etc., and as at 
' that moment a large female of the Zphestion butterfly flew near, I joined 
example to precept by capturing and killing and pinning it in my collect- 
ing-box in his presence. The most difficult part to make the old gentle- 
man comprehend, was what the things could be used for after they were 
caught. I attempted an explanation. Whether I was successful in doing 
so to his satisfaction I still doubt, however, he seemed pleased, and by 
way of explanation said, as he departed, ‘Ich haab dich gasayn for ein 
bar Suntaag here und durt so rum springe un ich hab gaydenkt du waarst 
so ein kaerl wo nicht gons recht in kopf war, aber.’* Here he paused 
and looked puzzled, and I fear to this day the worthy old husbandman 
(bless his kindly face) is still, if living, in a state of suspense as regards 
my being responsible for my actions-before the Lord and my fellow-man.”’ 


THE EXPEDITION sent out by the Academy has been heard from several 
times; they are doing good work, and are all well. The last report says, 
‘We have just arrived at Vera Cruz after a very enjoyable and interesting 
time in Yucatan. Expect to go straight to Orizaba. This morning, early, 
we saw the snow-clad peak of Orizaba in the distance.” : 


WHILE watching a luna moth just after it emerged from the cocoon. | 
noticed that the small and unexpanded wings were light yellow in color, 
and I thought it would be abnormal in coloration, but at the base of the 
wing I saw a small area, which was of a beautiful light green, and as the 
moth gradually expanded the wings this was distributed through them, 
making the color normal. This is another proof of the fact that the wings 
are expanded by the moth pumping a fluid into them when they are soft 
and elastic.—H. SKINNER. 


THE fine collection of insects made by the late Stephen Calverley has 
been presented to the Brooklyn Institute by his son. 


PLANS FOR EXTERMINATING MosQuIToEs.—Mrs. Eugene M. Aaron, of 
1832 Pine Street, has been awarded the first prize offered by Dr. Robert 
H. Lamborn, of New York City, for the best essay on the extermination 
of mosquitoes, especially by Dragon-flies. The-second and third prizes 
have ceen divided equally between Mr. Archibald C. Weeks, 120 Broad- 
way, New York, and Mr. William Beutenmiiller, 132 East Seventy-sixth 
Street, New York. It is understood that Dr. Lamborn will publish the 
essays. The judges who made the awards were the Rev. Dr. Henry C. 
McCook, of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and Prof. 
J. S. Newberry, of the School of Mines, Columbia College, New York. 


Mr. J. D. Evans, in the ‘‘ Ottawa Naturalist,’’ vol. iii, No. 4, reports 
Erebia epipsodea as being found at Sudbury on the Canadian Pacific 
Railroad. 


* “TJ have seen you running around here for the last couple of Sundays, and I thought 
you were one of those fellows who were not quite right in the upper story, but’—— 


Oe nae a ee 


18go. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 77 


Entomological Literature. 


Die ZWEIFLUGLER DES KAISERLICHEN MUSEUMS ZU WIEN, IV.—Vo- 
rarbeiten zu einer Monographie des Muscaria Schizometopa (exclusive 


_ Anthomyidz) ParsI. Von Prof. Dr. Friedrich Brauer, W. M. K. Akad., 


und J. Edl. v. Bergenstamm (Mit 11 Tafeln), Denkschr. d. math.-wissens. 
Classe d. k. Akad. d. Wissensch. Bd. lvi, pp. 1—112, pls. i—xi, 4to. 1889. 
—Only he who has endeavored to find his way in the devious labyrinth of 
the calyptrate Muscidz can appreciate this important and valuable paper, 
the most important that has ever appeared on the subject, and one that 
will mark a new epoch in our knowledge of the group. To give even an 
outline of its contents is impracticable here, nor would I feel at all com- 
petent for the task, were my opportunities unlimited. A paper that intro- 
duces fifty new families and one hundred and fifty new genera would 
appall any ordinary critic, and I know only enough about the insects to 
appreciate the labor and research the paper has cost. The authors, fol- 
lowing out Prof. Brauer’s previously published taxonomic views, present 
an almost entirely new classification of the group, which is coextensive 
‘with what has been generally known as the Muscide calyptrate, with the 
inclusion of the Oestridz. ‘‘ Families,’ groups and genera are defined, 
and three hundred and ten admirable lithograph figures, graphically illus- 
trate most of the genera. All the known genera are not included; only 


‘those of which the authors had definite or artoptic knowledge; still, there 


cannot be many wanting, and the work must remain as the size gua non 
of all dipterologists who have anything to do with these flies. The work 
is nothing if not iconoclastic, and I do not think will, and ought not to, 
obtain the concurrence of entomologists in all respects. The authors’ 
conception of the genus is, I think, not tenable, and there is a great lack 
of uniformity in the group names. But, whatever the differences may be, 


_all will unite in their appreciation of the great value of this bahubrechend 


work.—S. W. WILLISTON. 


PROCEEDINGS ACADEMY NATURAL SCIENCES PHILADELPHIA, Part III, 
1889.—Antennz of Coleoptera, by Geo. H. Horn, M.D. Ona new spe- 
cies of Spider of the genus Dinopis from the Southern United States by 
Geo. Marx, M. D. 


_A SEAson’s WorK AMONG THE ENEMIES OF THE HORTICULTURIST, by 
Clarence M. Weed. The enemies referred to in this paper are of two 
kinds: insects and fungi. The insects treated of are the Rhubarb Snout 
Beetle, Imported Currant Worm, Plum Curculio, Striped Cucumber Bee- 
tle, Cherry Tree Slug and Strawberry Root Louse. The appropriate 
remedies are given to destroy each of these pests. 


* THE ENToMOLOoGIst1, London, March, 1890.—The Evolution of Insect- 
galls by T. D. A. Cockerell. Notes on the Economy of Refinia resinella, 
R. Adkin. Rhopalocera at Digne, Mrs. Nicholl. One the Phylogenetic 


78 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, 


significance of the wing-markings in certain genenera of the Nymphalide, 
F. A. Dixey. New species of Lepidoptera from China, J. H. Leech. De- 
scriptions of new species of Phytophagous Coleoptera received by Mr. J. 
H. Leech from Chang-Yang, China, Martin Jacoby. Descriptions of the 
Homopterous family Cicadide, W. L. Distant. Notes on Aybocampa 
milhauseri, T. A. Chapman. Faroe Islands, Rev. Dr. Walker. Ento- 
mological Notes, Captures, etc., and doings of societies, etc., complete 
the number. By 5 


ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL History, vol. v, No. 27, London. 
—Descriptions of new species of Lepidoptera (Heterocera) from Central 
America, Herbert Druce. The new species mentioned in the above paper 
are figured in the Biologia Centrali-Americana. Descriptions of two new 
Central American Buprestidz, C. O. Waterhouse. Description of a new 
Papilio from the West coast of Africa, H. Grose Smith (Papilion harpa- 
gon). On the constitution of the body in the Blattide, E. Haase. De- 
scription of a new genus of the Homopterous family Cicadidze, W. L. 
Distant. 


BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA, Part LXXXI, December, 1889.—, 
(Received March, 1890). Contains ARACHNID ARANEIDEA, O. Pickard 
Cambridge, pp. 49—56, pl. 5, thirteen colored figures. COLEOPTERA, vol. 
ii, pt. 2. H.W. Bates, pp. 385—416, pl. 24, twenty-five colored figures. 
COLEOPTERA Vol. iii, pt. 1, C. O. Waterhouse, pp. 169—193. COLEOPTERA 
vol. iv, pt. 2, G. C. Champion, pp. 103—120, pl. 5, twenty-five colored 
figures. LEPIDOPTERA, HETEROCERA, H. Druce, pp. 337—344, plate 5, 
twenty-fiva colored figures. ._RHYNCHOTA HETEROPTERA W. L. Distant, 
pp. 32I—328, pl. 30, twenty-five colored figures. Quite a number of new 
species are described and handsomely illustrated. 


BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA Part LXXXII, January, 1890 (Rec’d 
March, 1890).—COLEOPTERA vol. ii, part 2, H. W. Bates, pp. 417—432. 
COLEGPTERA vol. iv, part 2, G. C. Champion, pp. 121—160, plates 6 and 
7, fifty-one colored figures. LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA Vol. i, H. Druce, 
pp. 345—368, plate 31, fifteen colored figures. DipTera vol. ii, F. M. 
van der Wulp, pp. 41—56. 


The ENTOMOLOGIST’s MONTHLY MAGAZINE (London) March, 1890.— 
Synopsis of the British ORTHOPTERA (continued), Eland Shaw. CoLs- 
OpTERA in Norfolk, James Edwards. Descriptions of some new species 
of South American Halticide of the group CEprropeEs (continued), Mar- 
tin Jacoby. Descriptions of four new species of the genus Cas¢nia from 
South America, Herbert Druce. Notes on British Zor¢rices (continued), 
C. G. Barrett. Notes on the COLEOPTERA and LEPprmpopTERA (/Aopaloc.) 


of Norway, G. C. Champion (with list of Norwegian butterflies by W. M.. 


Schépen). Notes on British and Exotic Coccidz. J. W. Douglas. HEm- 
IPTERA HETEROPTERA at Dover and its vicinity, G. C. Hall. Stenamma 


ee ee 


Sa an ey 


1890. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 79 


Westwoodii at Maidstone, G. E. Frisby. (Cs cis bilameliatus breeding in 
captivity, Rev. Theodore Wood. Harpalus obscurus H. R. Tottenham. 
Casual captures of CoLEopTERA, J. J. Walker. CoLropera in the North 
of Ireland, Rev. W. F. Johnson. Obderea oculata, Rev. C. Fowler. 
Mycterus curculionides from near Oxford, Id. On the larva of Giza 
spadicea and G. vaccinii, T. A. Chapman, M.D. A point concerning 
hybridization, H. W. Vivian. Some Micro-LeprpopTera of the Chalk 
- Hills near Reading, W. Holland. <Aciptitia paludum in the New Forest, 
Id. Mecyna polygonalis Tr. in ‘New Zealand, E. Meyrick. Nepticula . 
pyri, a species new to Britain, J. H. Wood. Scoparia basistrigalis as dis- 
tinct from S. ambigualis G..T. Porritt. Identity of Dianthecia carpo- 
phaga and D. capsophila, W. ¥. H. Blandford. Drepanopteryx phale- 
noides in Durham, Ames Mitchell. 


Doings of Societies. 


ENTOMOLOGIYAL SECTION ACADEMY NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILA- 
DELPHIA, March 27, 1890.—Members present: Messrs. Martindale, Rid- 
ings, Skinner, Liebeck, Seeber, Castle, Calvert, Westcott, Mr. Mengel 
and Mr. Fox, visitors. Dr. Geo. H. Horn, Director, in the chair. Verbal 
communications being in order, Dr. Horn called attention to a box con- 
taining Cercyonand allied genera, with all the known species represented. 
He exhibited plates showing anatomical characteristics of Cercyon. The 
shape of the meso-sternum was considered in relation to classification. A 
lighter colored region of the meta-ste: itm is defined or not according to 
circumstances. The genus Cryp/op/eurum has a well defined line or ex- 
tension of the meta-sternum, which has value as a basis of comparison. 
In Cercyon the pro-sternum is a carina, and in some genera a broad plate. 
Points in the comparative anatomy of the genera were considered at 
length. He further stated that the proper way to study genera is by a 
comparison of the gradations of anatomical features. Mr. Calvert spoke 
: of the list of dragon-flies collected at Manchester, Me., by Miss Wads- 
worth, forty-three species being enumerated, which is a very creditable 
showing. The number of species observed in comparison to other places 
is large, as in Great Britain only forty-six species are enumerated accord- 
ing to McLachlan. Mr. Calvert estimated the species of this locality 
(Philadelphia) as fifty. pitheca Walshit is the rarest species in the Maine 
list, only four <f‘ and one 2 specimens being known. Dr. Hagen has lately 
published a synopsis of the dragon-flies of North America, to which Mr. 
Calvert called attention. The following specimens were donated to the 
cabinet: Rhodites fusiformans Ckl., four specimens; Syntomaspis mon- 
ticola Ashm., one specimen. Galls of 7rypeta bigelovie Ckl. Galls of 


fo oe —- 
J 


: eS 


80 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, 


Rhodites vosefolia, Ckl. (the flies have since emerged), all from Mr. . 
Cockerell, West Cliff, Colorado. Pimpla grapholithe Cress., presented 
by Dr. John Hamilton. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON.—March 6, 1890. Mr, 
Schwarz exhibited and remarked upon the following species of Coleop- 
tera, which are new to the fauna of North America: Lathridius ( Conino- 
mus) nodifer Westwood; Actinopteryx fucicola Allibert; Arrhipis Laneri 
Guerin and Prodatius umbratilis Duval. He also showed specimens of 
‘Temnochila Hubbardi Léveilleé, and Teretriosoma Hornii Lewis, re- 
cently described in European journals from the semi-tropical region of 
Florida. He finally drew attention to Dr. Horn’s recent Revision of the 
North American species of Ochthebius, and spoke of the geographical 
distribution of these aquatic beetles. Discussion followed by various 
members. 

* The Secretary presented a note on a Dipterous larva infesting the seeds 
of Xanthium. He had found that these larvz at Manhattan, Kansas and 
during the past winter in the District. Drawings were exhibited iJlustra- 
_ ting the larva and the nature of its work. 

The Secretary also presented a short note on the food-habits of Psilop- 
tera drummondi. 

These notes were discussed by Schwarz, Townsend and Howard. 

Mr. Townsend read a paper entitled, ‘‘ Notes on Acridiidz in Michigan,” 
which related more particularly to dates of appearance and habits. 


C. L. MARLATT, 


Recording Secretary. 


Lt) 
VU 


ERRATA. ; 
Fast 56, line 10 from top, for exista read exusta. 
58, ‘“‘ 6 from bottom, for Sagmache, vead Sagnache. 

~* 60, “ 5 from top, for Amstat, read Austat. 

“ 61, “‘ 15 from top, for Dyctide read Dyctidea. 

* 61, “‘ 18 from top, for 7ilicen read Tibicen. 

“ 64, ‘‘ 6 from top, for fusciformans read fusiformans. 

“ 64, “‘ 8 from top, for Cemthophilus read Centhophilus. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL News for April was mailed March 25, 189o. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 


AND 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION, 


ACADEMY NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. 


VG Bir. JUNE, 1890. No. 6. 
CONTENTS: 

Slosson—Winter collecting in Florida.. 81 | Wickham—On the Habits of some Me- 

Fox—Aculeate Hymenoptera new to loini ........ 89 
Pennsylvania and New Jersey.. ..... 83 | Van Winkle—Collecting by lamplight.. 91 

Skinner—Geographical Variation........ 84 | NCCE Bae W lees 020 0cass cnc ccsestdtlboens sdeces 92 

P. P. C.—Elementary Entomology....... 86 Entomological Literature............... 2200+ 95 | 

Cordley—“‘ Sports” in Venation............. 88 


WINTER COLLECTING IN FLORIDA. 


BY ANNIE TRUMBULL SLOSSON. 


I reached Florida this year on January 25th. Butterflies were 
flying at that season in Jacksonville, and I saw from my window 
Callidryas eubule, Terias delia, Limenitis disifpus, Danais ar- 
chippus, and some of the Hesperide. At night, though the 
weather was cool, Agrotis incivis and A. malefida came to the 


' piazza lights by the dozen. On the 27th, at Sanford, about one 


hundred and twenty-five miles farther south, several moths came 
to the rather dimly-lighted windows, among them the Southern 
form of Hyperchiria to, Dr. Strecker’s Llith—Eudioptis hyalinata 
and Agrotis incivis. On the 28th we went to Punta Gorda 
(Charlotte Harbor) and remained there until March. There had 
been no rain there for some four or five months, consequently 
vegetation was backward, and there were very few flowers, but 
insects were plentiful. During the first few days after my arrival 
I saw P. cresphontes, P. palamedes, P. ajax, P. troilus, P. turnus, 
D. archippus, L. disippus, L. eros, Pieris monuste, Agraulis 
vanille, Terias delia, T. lisa, Callidryas eubule and Junonia 
centa, besides numerous Hesperide. A few days later, about 
6 


cL) 


82 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, 


the few orange blossoms which opened in spite of the drought, 
we found beautiful specimens of Zrycides batabano. They flut- 
tered about the fragrant flowers like humming birds, their wings 
glancing in the sunlight with touches of sapphire and emerald. 


With them, and sipping from the same blossoms, we took three 
specimens of an A/yfza new to me, and which I cannot place till - 


_I have access to my books. Along the shore, just inside the 

thicket of mangroves, are long flat stretches of sand, often sub- 
merged and always wet. On these grow little but samphire (Sa/z- 
cornia ambigua) Lresine vermicularis and such marine plants with 
fleshy, succulent leaves and insignificant flowers. But over these 
in the hot sunshine at midday were always flitting tiny Lycenas 
and 7heclas. Here I took the little bronzy LZ. zsophthalma, L. 
filenus, L. theonus (a lovely little species, the female with wings 
almost white), Zhecla peas, T. M-album and T. melinus (this 
last name is given me by Dr. Henry Skinner). There were so 
very few blossoms that I knew nearly every plant which bloomed, 
and could visit each one as I made my collecting rounds. One 
large thistle (C. horridulum) with several heads of pale yellow 
flowers was always a favorite spot for insects, and wherever a 
plant of the ugly fireweed (Avechthites) lifted its greenish, com- 
monplace heads of flowers they were surrounded by little gay- 
winged lovers. Seeing at a distance one day what looked like a 
patch of large white blossoms I went towards it only to find a mat 
of the little creeping hyssop (Herfestis monniera) with tiny lav- 
ender flowers covered with the Southern cabbage butterfly (?. 


monuste). Therg were at least twenty on a patch not two feet ~ 


square. Hesperidz abounded, skipping jerkily about the grounds 
of the hotel and over the palmetto scrub; Pamphila brettus, P. 
fusca, P. phyleus (Dr. Skinner gives me these names), P. a7pa, 
P. maculata and several others yet unnamed. Calephelis centus 
was also abundant. The evenings were generally windy and cool, 
not favorable conditions for moth hunting, but we met with com- 
parative success. At light we captured many fine specimens, 
some still unidentified. Here we took Ayparpax auricinctus (1 
think that this is the name given last year by Mr. Graef, but I 
have no book for reference), Varina ornata Neumoegen, Lito- 
prosopus futilis G. & R., Byssodes obrussata Gr., Lepiodes scolo- 
pacinaria Guen., Dilophonota obscura Fab., Ellema coniferarum 
A. & S., Lagoa pyxidifera A. & S., Plateceticus gloveri Pack., 


EEE eee eee ae 


ES hae - 


<7. 


—_—- 1" 


1890. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 83 


Trama hinna Gey., Phurys vinculum Guen., Euhatlisidota longa 
Gr. and many other species. The true collector is always san- 
guine, and I have great hopes concerning my unnamed speci- 
mens. One large, oddly-marked sphinx fills me with visions of 
a new genus as well as species, and I have already selected its 
name. There is also a strange and beautiful moth, apparently 
one of the Zygzenidz, unlike anything I have seen or of which 
I have read. I found feeding upon the tomato vines in the hotel 


_ garden many larvee of Phlegethontius celeus, and upon the sweet 


potato and omea pes-capre, \arve of P. cingulata. These 
were all full grown; I placed several of them with their food- 
plant in a box of earth where they soon buried themselves and 
transformed, but though they have been in the pupa state nearly 
five weeks no moth has yet emerged. I also found feeding upon 
mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) and upon Conocarpus erecta 
young larve of Hyperchiria io Fab. I have reared them and 


_ they are just spinning themselves up among some leaves. “They 


do not differ in any respect, as far as I can see, from the typical 
form, and I am anxious to see if they will develop into var. Z/ith 
Strecker. 

(To be continued.) 


t). 
VU 


Aculeate Hymenoptera new to Pennsylvania 
and New Jersey. 


BY WILLIAM J. FOX. 


_ The following list of Aculeate Hymenoptera may prove of in- 

terest to some readers of the NEws, as it adds a few more species 
to the fauna of Pennsylvania and New Jersey. The majority of 
them were collected at Westville, N. J., several miles below 
Philadelphia, during 1889. The localities in parentheses signify 
where the species was recorded from before publication of this 
article. 


Mutilla ornativentris Cress. Several specimens, Westville, N. J., 
1889 (Southern and Western States). 

Mutilla dubitata Sm. Several specimens taken with the pre- 
ceding species (Florida, Georgia, Colorado). 

Mutilla thoracica Blake. One specimen of this small species 
was captured Oct. 29, 1889 (New York). 


84 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, 


Spherophthalma cypris Blake. This species was moderately 
common at Westville during the summer of 1889 (Georgia). 

Spherophthalma canadensis Blake. About a dozen specimens 
were taken in the same locality (Canada). 

Tachytes mandibularis Patton. Taken at Westville, N. J., 
1889. One specimen (Connecticut). 

Philanthus Sanborni Cress. Westville, N. J., August, 1889. 
One female (Massachusetts). 

Crabro trapezoideus Pack. One male, Fairmount Park, Phila- 
delphia, September, 1889 (Illinois). 

Thyreopus cingulatus Pack. Westville, N. J., Oct. 29, 1889. 
One female (Illinois). 

Anacrabro occellatus Pack. Three specimens, one male and 
two females, Westville, N. J., July and August, 1889 (Mass., Ill. ). 

Vespa occidentalis Cress. One specimen, Fairmount Park, 
Philadelphia, September, 1889. Flying in company with V. 
germanica, vidua and diabolica (Nevada, New Mexico). 

Nomada texana Cress. Two specimens, both females, Camden, 
N. J., 1889 (Texas). 

Nomada lepida Cress. Three specimens (males), Franklinville, 
Pa., April 20, 1890. Flying over and alighting on dry saeey 
piliew? in the woods (Illinois, Colorado, Texas). 

Mellissodes compta Cress. One female of this handsome spe- 
cies taken in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, Sept., 1889 (Ga.). 

Apathus variabilis Cress. Gloucester, N. J., August?, 1889. 
One specimen (Texas). 

All these species were compared with those in the collection of 
the American Entomological Society, which contains the ¢ypes of 
nearly all the insects mentioned. 


0). 
VU 


GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION. 


BY HENRY SKINNER, M. D. 


Dr. John Hamilton, in a recent paper (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 
vol. xvi, p. 88), gives a list of the Coleoptera common to North 
America, Northern Asia and Europe, and Mr. Cockerell (Ento- 
mologist’s Record and Journal of Variation vol. i, No. 1, p. 9) a 
list of the ‘‘ American Species of Lepidoptera Representative of 
European;’’ also on page 13 of same work, ‘‘ American Varieties 


— sen 


“1890. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 85 


of British Species (Lepidoptera).’’ These papers are very in- 
teresting and instructive, and suggest many other lines of investi- 
gation of a similar character. When the Lepidoptera have been 
more exhaustively studied after the plan adopted by Dr. Hamilton 
in the Coleoptera, I have no doubt the results will be interesting, 
and a number of species now considered distinct more or’account 
of difference of locality than anything else, will be amalgamated. 

It has been noted that the Pacific coast fauna more nearly ap- 
proaches that of Europe than the Eastern, but I do not know that 
in a species common to both countries a greater similarity has been 
noticed between the Western specimens and those of Europe than 
the Eastern. Last Summer I had sent to me a number of chrysa- 
lids of Vanessa antiopa from San Jose, Cal., and when they dis- 
closed the perfect insects I found them all to be intergrades be- 
tween the specimens found here (Philadelphia) and those of 
England and Germany. I had previously noticed that the Eu- . 
ropean anfiopa could always be distinguished from the American 
example by the less irrorate character, and usually lighter color 
of the yellow border of the wings, the former of which is gen- 
erally most markedly illustrated on the little tail to the inferior 
wings and the similar projection on the superiors. The European 
specimens are also usually smaller. The Californian examples 
are intermediate between the Eastern and European as far as the 
dark peppering on the border is concerned, and could be readily 
picked out from the others. I leave it to some one else to point 
out the significance of the observation. Among the chrysalids 
there was one, three or four shades lighter in color than the rest, 
and perhaps also a little larger, which disclosed the rare and in- 
teresting variety hygiga Hdrch. (Verz. Eur. Schmett. Pp. 7, 1851), 
of which “ixtnerii Fitch (3d Rep. Trans. N. Y. State Agr. Soc. 
p- 485, 1856) isasynonym. It will beinteresting to know-whether 
a very much lighter colored chrysalis is an indication of a coming 
hygi@a. In Mr. Cockerell’s list of ‘‘ American Species Repre- 
sentative of European’ he omits Vanessa Californica and V. 
polychloros, which are probably one and the same thing. It would 
be interesting to know whether Cadifornica produces anything 
analogous or the same as the varieties of polychloros, testudo and 
pyromelas given in Kirby. I do not know of any described va- | 
riety of the American species. Gvrapta faunus and G. C-album 
are undoubtedly identical, as has been pointed out by Strecker. 


86 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, 


To the list of American varieties of British species may be added 
P. rape, var. immaculata (Can. Ent. July, 1889, p. 128); this 
makes five in all. I hope that some one will give a list with the 
bibliography, of the Lepidoptera common to Europe and America, 
and when a new list of the North American Lepidoptera is pre- 
pared the whole geographical range of the species (when found 
outside of America) will be given. 


0) 
Vv 


ELEMENTARY ENTOMOLOGY. 


Second Paper—THE GENERAL STRUCTURE OF INSECTS. 


In those papers of this series which treat of the anatomy of 
Insects in general, we have largely drawn, with the author’s per- 
mission, from Prof. J. H. Comstock’s excellent ‘‘ Introduction to 
Entomology.’’* 

Thanks to the kindness of Prof. A. S. Packard, we have also 
made use of his well-known ‘‘ Guide’’} and his valuable ‘‘ Ento- 
mology for Beginners.’’{ | 

As stated in the first paper the body of an Arthropod, and 
consequently that of an Insect, is made up of a series of rings or 
segments, within which are the vital apparatus and muscles. Con- 
fining our attention to insects, it is to be noticed that even young 
larvee§ just hatched from the egg show this segmentation of the 


* An Introduction to Entomology by John Henry Comstock, Professor 
of Entomology and General Invertebrate Zéology in Cornell University, 
and formerly United States Entomologist. With many original illustra- 
tions drawn and engraved by Anna Botsford Comstock. Ithaca, N. Y. 
Published by the author 1888, pp. iv, 234, 201 figures: Price $2.00. 

+ Guide to the study of Insects and a treatise on those injurious and 
beneficial to crops for the use of Colleges, Farm-schools and Agriculturists 
by Alpheus S. Packard, M.D., with fifteen plates and 670 woodcuts; ninth 
edition. New York, Henrf Holt & Co., 1889, 715 pp. (first edition, 1869, 
Salem) : 

t Entomology for Beginners. For the use of Young Folks, Fruit- 
growers, Farmers and Gardeners, by A. S. Packard, M.D., Ph. D.; second 
edition, revised. New York, Henry Holt & Co., 1889, 367 pp. 272 figs. 

2 It is hardly necessary to remind the reader that an Insect is an Insect, 
whether it is an unhatched egg, a growing larva, an apparently lifeless 
pupa, or a flying or creeping imago. Imagos being so much more con- 
spicuous than the preceding stages, have naturally received both common 
and scientific names first. 


1890. } ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | 87 


body. If such a young larva be examined* the jointed appear- 
- ance of the exterior will be seen: The skin of this young larva 
is quite soft, but becomes harder as the larva grows. This hard- 
ening is due to the deposition in the outer layer of the skin 
(called the cutrcle) of a horny substance—chztine. The chitine is 
deposited in the cuticle of the different segments, but there is 
left a narrow space around the body between each segment, in 
which there is little or no chitine. These narrow rings of unaf- 
fected skin divide the segments from each other, and are termed 
sutures. Remaining soft, the sutures permit a freedom of motion 
of the hard segments upon each other. 

In larve the sutures are usually wider than in the correspond- 
ing imagos. Very often the sutures themselves become hardened 
by chitine, so that the line of separation between two segments 
disappears. Such an obliteration of sutures occurs very fre- 
quently in the head and fore-parts of imagos, and less frequently 
in the hind parts. . 

We have spoken of the segments as hard, but the hard part 
of any one segment is not a continuous ring. On the contrary, 
the hard part of a segment consists of several pieces which are 
more or less free to move upon each other. These pieces are the 
sclerites (from the Greek sk/eros, hard). Some of the soft cuticle 
remains between the sclerites, and this separating portion also 
receives the name of suture, and like an inter-segmental suture 
may also become ‘‘ obsolete’’ (7. @. obliterated). 

The skin, originally soft, but now with its cuticle hardened in 
the segments, the hard part of each segment consisting of several 
sclerites, forms the dody-wadl of the Insect. 

The reader of this series already knows that all an insect’s 
growth is completed in its larval state. As a larva grows quite 
rapidly, and as chitine is being constantly deposited in the cuticle, 
the cuticle thus hardened loses its elasticity and is soon too small 
for the increasing size of the body. Consequently it splits along 
the middle line of the back, and through this fissure the insect 
withdraws itself from its chitinous coat. Or, in other cases, the 
cuticle comes off gradually in thin shreds. The ‘‘new skin” 
contains very little chitine as yet, and being quite elastic, stretches 
to accommodate the size of the body. This skin (cuticle) in turn 


* The student cannot be too strongly reminded that he should compare 
these papers with some insect, say a grasshopper. 


88 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, 


becomes hardened, is likewise cast off, or mou/ted, and succeeded — 
by others, varying in number in different species of insects. Very 
often there are changes in the shape, color, etc., of the larva after 
successive moults. 

Technical names for the process of moulting are- <a and 
exuviation, and for the moulted skins, exuvi@. 

In the case of those insects passing through a complete trans- 
formation, when the larva moults for the last time, it becomes a — 
pupa, usually of quite dissimilar shape from the larva, and usually 
quiet, that is, does not move from place to place. The last moult 
of the insect’s life is when the cuticle of the pupa splits open and 
the imago emerges, and, after a short period, spreads its wings 
and begins its zerial life. 

Where the insect undergoes but an incomplete rranisfor sited, 
when the nymph moults for the last time, the imago state is en- 
tered at once. 

Hitherto, in speaking of the ested form of an insect’s 
body, reference has been made solely to the body-wall. So far 
as the internal organs are concerned, the muscles, the nervous, 
circulatory and respiratory systems, at least, are more or less 
arranged in correspondence with the segmentation of the body- 
wall. PY Pre: 


Cr). 
Vv 


“SPORTS” IN VENATION. 


BY A. B. CORDLEY. 


Some time ago while studying the Hymenoptera collected 
during the seasons of 1888 and 1889, I found three specimens 
which puzzled me very much. They apparently belonged to the 
genus omada, but differed from all the specimens of that genus 
in our collection in that the anterior wings had but two submar- 
ginal cells. I sent one of the specimens for determination to Mr. 
E. T. Cresson, who replied as follows : ‘‘ The bee you sent is one 
of the varieties of Momada maculata Cress., a very variable spe- 
cies. I have seen specimens in which the first transverse cubital 
nervure was obliterated in one ‘anterior wing, but not in both as 
in the specimen you sent. Are these nervures absent in both 
wings in the specimens you have? If so it is both curious and 
interesting. Such ‘sports’ occur frequently among the Saw-flies, 
but rarely among bees.’’ On referring to the specimens retained ~ 


1890. } ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 89 


I found that the nervure in question was totally obliterated in 
both anterior wings of both specimens. I also found that both 
specimens did not belong to the same species, one of them prov- 
ing to be Nomada imbricata. Of the other thirteen specimens 
of maculata, and seven specimens of zméricata, taken during the 
same time, all have the three submarginal cells complete, there 
being no apparent tendency of the first transverse cubital nervure 
to become obliterated. I have, also, one specimen of Colletes 
Sp. and one of Andrena Sp., which have three submarginal cells 
to one anterior wing, but only two to the other. 


oO 


ON THE HABITS OF SOME MELOINI. 
. . BY H. F. WICKHAM. 


Some of our large Western Meloini make striking additions 
to any cabinet by their bright colors and curious forms. Of these 
the most beautiful is, in my estimation, Cysteodemus wislizent. 
This species, with its small head and thorax and immensely in- 
flated elytra which give the hinder part of the body a globular 
outline, is rather a clumsy object, though its bright blue color 
more than compensates for any inelegance of form. One who 
had seen only déad specimens would naturally suppose that it 
was slow in movement when in fact the exact reverse is the case. 

In 1888 I spent a few days at Luna, N. Mex., a nominal station 
twenty-two miles west of Albuquerque. Near the switch the 
grass was growing very luxuriantly, and here I had the good 
fortune to find a colony of this pretty beetle. We arrived in the 
early morning, and just as I was getting up from the breakfast 
table in our car, one of the men who had gone out-a few minutes 
before me stuck his head in the door and deposited a ‘‘ bug’’ on 
the floor, which he said he had found running around just out- 
side the car. He looked on it with suspicion, for it had exuded 
a quaritity of yellowish liquid which stuck to our friend’s fingers 
and smelled something like an infusion of all the different vege- 
tables one can think of. I didn’t let this prevent me from picking 
up the “‘bug,’’ which proved to be the Cysteodemus mentioned 
above, and after a few moments spent in admiration of the brilliant 
colors, started out to find some more. 

I was not yet familiar with its habits, and got only two or three 
in the few minutes I had to spare before leaving for the scene of 


go ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, 


our work through the day, but on coming back about six o’ clock 
P. M., I saw a few more running around. They hold the body 
high up from the ground and get over the ground at a good rate, 
looking as if they ran on tiptoe, if we may use such an expression 
in speaking of insects. I gathered these into the fold, and, as. 
soon as supper was over, a search in the grass disclosed a num- 
ber of them hanging to the blades a little distance from the ground,,. 
apparently feeding, and others taking their evening exercise. 
Before I left the place I had an opportunity to spend an entire 
day collecting, and I found that they were all hidden during the 
middle of the day, but came out to feed or run around in the 
morning and evening, staying out in the morning until about nine 
o'clock and coming out again about five o’clock P. M. I never 
saw this species at any other place, though I looked for it care- 
fully in many different localities. The captures were made early 
in August. 

Another ugly species, from an esthetic point of view, is Wegetra 
vittata, a near ally of our Cysteodemus, but with shorter and less 
inflated wing covers, which do not cover the abdomen. Dried 
specimens do not give a good idea of the clumsy unwieldliness of — 
the living females of this species, which are so distended with 
eggs and food, that it seems almost impossible for them to move. 
They do move, however, though they have not the speed of the 
preceding species, the abdomen dragging on the ground. The 
males are more active, and in running lift the body high up like 
the Cysteodemus. The first specimen I saw of Megetra was a 
male, which ran across the platform at Coolidge, N. Mex., July 
4, 1888. Next year I looked carefully for the species for nearly 
a whole day without success, when about four o’clock P. M. I 
noticed some dark objects in a ‘‘ greasewood’’ bush; I went over 


to investigate, and found a number of these insects feeding on the 
leaves and others just climbing up the stems, When I counted 
up the catch I found that I had over forty specimens of both 
sexes. This was about the 12th of September, and this month 
is probably their pairing-time, as I took only isolated specimens 
at other times. 

Mele sublevis is found at the,same time, and in company with 
the two species mentioned, but seems to be rarer, as I found only 
about a dozen in all. JZ impressus I took in May at Cheyenne, 
Wyo., feeding on low plants in the early part of the day. J. 
americanus occurred at Bismarck, Dak., in August, feeding in 
the middle of the day. 


~ 1890. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. ; QI 


COLLECTING BY LAMPLIGHT. 
et, | BY A. S. VAN WINKLE. 


(Continued from p. 69, vol. i.) 


In order to show the curious connection between the state of 
the weather and the degree in which moths were attracted to light 
I will now append the following table, which may prove of great 
interest to young entomologists, with a view that they may 
prepare tables in like manner: 


DATE. No. Moths. REMARKS. 
Dec. 13 I Fine starlight. 
14 75 Drizzling and foggy. 
15 41 Showers, cloudy. 
16 158 (120 species) Steady rain. 
17 82 Wet, rather moonlight. 
18 9 Fine moonlight. . 
19 2 Fine, clear. 
31 200 (130 species) Dark, windy and heavy rain. 
Jan. 1 185 Very wet. 
2 68 Cloudy and showers. 
3 50 Cloudy and showers. 
4 12 Fine. 
5 10 Fine. 
6 8 Very fine. 
7 8 Very fine. 
8 Io Fine. 
9 36 Showery. 
Io 30 Showery. 
II 260 Heavy rain all night and very dark. 
12 56 Showery. 
13 44 Showery, some moonlight. 
14 4 Fine, moonlight. 
15 24 Rain. 
16 6 «Showers. 
17 6 Showers. 
18 I Showers. 
Total, 1386 


‘Thus it appears that on twenty-six nights I collected 1386 
moths, but that more than 800 of them were: collected on four 
very wet and dark nights. My success here led me to hope that, 
by similar arrangements, I might, in every island, be able to ob- 
_ tain abundance of these insects, but strange to say, during the 
six succeeding years I was never once able to make any collections. 
at all approaching those at Sarawak.’’ 


92 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. _ [June, 


On reading the above I wished that we had a great many more 
Wallaces than we do have, ze. if the entomologists of our own 
country would follow in the footsteps of this great English ento- — 
mologist the progress of entomology would be much greater. A 
great many entomologists at present prepare large lists of insects, 
but probably one in a hundred cites the locality in which the in- 
sects are found; a great many on the other hand say North 
America, which means anywhere between the Atlantic and Pacific 
coasts, or from the Northern border of Central America to the 
confines of eternal snow, or just give the separate States. This 
is a fine state of affairs, is it not? This is also especially exas- 
perating to the student of geographical distribution of insects. 
The exact locality I think is as of much importance as it is to 
know what species of plant or plants this or that species of insect 
feeds on. I hope that hereafter entomologists will pay more at- 
tention to the citation of localities. We know what care botanists 
take when out collecting, they jot down notes of each and every 
species of plant that they find, of their habits, situatidn and lo- 
cality right on the spot. For a very interesting and instructive 
paper on this subject I would refer the reader to the March num- 
ber -of the ‘‘Canadian Entomologist,’’ page 46, where Mr. 
Cockerell expresses his views. 


Notes and News. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS 
OF THE GLOBE. 
[The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws solicit, and will thankfully receive items 


of news, likely to interest its readers, from any source. The author’s name will be given 
in each case for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] 


In the future all papers received for publication in the News will be 
printed according to date of reception. 


Dr. S. W. WILListon, of Yale University, New Haven, Conn., the — 
Dipterologist, has accepted a professorship in the University of Kansas, 
at Lawrence. 


INSECTS NAMED.—1. Penthe obliqguata; 2. Melanotus communis; 3. 
Flolotrophus bifasciatus ; 4. Aphorista vittata; 5. Aphodius fimetarius ; 
6. Eros aurora. W. M. Hitt, Chester, Pa. 


ota hy. Pay + 


ris 


18go. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 93 


VeRY cosTtLy Insects.—Dr. L. B. Clifton, the well known naturalist, 
has succeeded in hatching out a rare species of moth, known to ento- 
mologists as Affacus luna. For a specimen of this moth Dr. Clifton was 
paid $100 two years ago by the Earl of Roseberry, who is quite an en- 
thusiast in that line. The present specimen is valued at $50.—From the 
N. Y. Telegram.—(More newspaper entomology.) 


POLYBIA CUBENSIS IN FLoRIDA.—Among some Florida Hymenoptera 
received from Mrs. A. T. Slosson, of New York, were three specimens, 
with the nest, of a species of Polybia, which, on determination, proved 
to be P. cubensis Sauss. As there is no doubt as to this species being an 
inhabitant of Florida, I see no reason why it should not be added to the 
fauna of the United States. Mr. Charles W. Johnson, of the Wagner In- 
stitute, Philadelphia, has informed me that he has also taken this species 
in Florida.—Ww. J. Fox. 


THAT observant naturalist, Cons. E. L. Layard, writing from New 
Caledonia, bears witness to the fact of rotten fruit being a very strong 
attraction to Lepidoptera. He writes: ‘‘ At this moment I have in my 
verandah a parrot, which is daily regaled with a portion of banana. Every 
evening I see a dozen or more of the large Sphingide and Noctue trying 
to effect an entrance into the cage to get at the rotting fruit, which is gen- 
erally invisible from the outside. . . ._ I always found bananas the best 
bait to attract the night flyers, but only when they began to rot (hopalo- 
cera Malayana).’’—Try it. 


OF THE habits of the typical form of Charaxes athamas in N. W. India 
we have a few particulars from Capt. Lang. It is ‘‘an insect of extremely 
rapid flight, flashing like lightning up and down the rocky-bedded streams 
in the Himalayan glens (3000 to 5000 feet). It pitches on rocks in mid- 
stream and flashes off again if approached.’? Some Lepchas, who, in 
Sikkim, make what they can by catching insects, and selling them to 
visitors, take advantage of the known partiality of butterflies for wet sand. 
Mr. De Nicéville states that ‘‘in one place upon a large flattish stone near 
the middle of the stream the men had put some sand and kept it watered, 
and it was surprising the number of butterflies that came to their ‘trap’ 
and were caught (Rhopalocera Malayana).” 


WHILE VISITING at Sarver Station, Butler County, Pa., last July, I took 
quite a number of Codias philodice, Ab. alba, and among them was a fine, 
perfect male; this is the first white male that has ever been taken to my 
knowledge, so this note to the NEws may prove of some interest to its 
readers. It is pure white on the upper surface, with a faint yellowish tint 
on the primaries; the black border, including both pairs of wings, is sprinkled 
with white scales; underneath it has a smoky appearance, and the sub- 
marginal row of orange spots is wanting, both on the primaries and sec- 
ondaries.*—Gero. A. EHRMAN, Pittsburg, Pa. 


* If the genitalia were examined this would probably be found to be a female. 


94 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, 


DOLERUS ARVENSIS Say and DOLERUS UNICOLOR Beauv.—These flies 
have been plentiful in this vicinity for the past ten days or more, and are 
usually found resting upon dead weeds of all sorts. They have been es- 
pecially abundant among the branches and in the vicinity of a low spread- 
ing bur-oak tree, the buds of which are fairly dripping with a very sweet 
liquid that has oozed from them as the result of the myriad punctures 
inflicted by a minute gall-fly, Newroterus vernus Gill. I visited this tree 
on the 26th of April in company with a student, Mr. H. H. Raymond, 
who called my attention to the mating of the black saw-fly with D. az- 
vensis. A few moments later we both saw two more of these two spe- 
cies pair, and a day later we each saw the same thing repeated. The 
males in every case were D. unicolor, and the females D. arvensis. I 
had previously noticed that of about forty specimens of each of these 
species in my collection all of the former were males and all of the latter 
were females. Say also notes the fact that only the male of wicolor and 
the female of arvensis are known. These facts with the above observa- 
tions put it beyond a doubt that these two saw-flies are male and female 
of the same species. As wxicolor Beauv. was first described (1805), this 
name will hold for the species, and arvensis Say will have to fall to the 
rank of asynonym. While mating the male and female face in opposite 
directions, and the wings and abdomen of the male are covered by the 
wings of the female. The union lasts but three or four seconds. 

C. P. GILLETTE. 


ExcurRSION.—The committee from the Brooklyn, Newark and Philadel- 
phia Societies have decided upon Upper Jamesburg, N. J., as the place 
where the field-meeting of the entomologists of the three cities and neigh- 
boring points is to take place on the 4th of July next. Jamesburg is on 
the Amboy Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad, and may be reached 
from New York via Perth Amboy and Rahway at 9.10.a. m., Newark at 
9.36 a. m.; via. Monmouth Junction, New York, 7.20 a.m., Newark 7.50 . 
a.m.. Leave Philadelphia from Broad Street Station at 6.50 a. m., via 
‘Camden, at 7.10 a.m. The 7.20 a.m. from New York via Monmouth 
Junction, meets the 6.50 from Philadelphia at Monmouth Junction, and 
this train is recommended, as it will bring the party into Jamesburg at the 
same time. Excursion fare about $2.10 from New York and Philadelphia. 
All the entomologists desiring to attend will be heartily welcomed, whether 
members of the societies organizing the excursion or not, but in order that 
the necessary arrangements for creature comforts can be made, all those 
expecting to take part in the field-meeting will please notify one of the 
members of the committee as soon as convenient. Further information 
can be obtained from the committee: 

Dr. D. M. Castle, 2007 Arch Street, Philadelphia. 
C. P. Machesney, 65 Broadway, N. Y. 

C. H. Roberts, 235 W. 122d Street, N. Y. 

J. B. Smith, Rutgers College, New Brunswick, N. Pa 
H. W. Wenzel, 1115 Moore Street, Philadelphia. 


e 
ea 


bel =n 


1890. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 95 


Entomological Literature. 


Nature, February, ’90.—Notes on Dr. A. R. Wallace’s “ Darwinism,” 
by T. D. A. Cockerell (an interesting paper, largely entomological). 


ENTOMOLOGISCHE NACHRICHTEN, xvi, No. 6, March, 1890.—‘‘ The 
Genera and Species of Cryptinz revised and tabulated I,’’ O. Schmiedek- 
necht. 


ANALES DE LA SOCIEDAD CIENTIFICA, xxix.—Systematic and synony- 
mic enumeration of the Argentine, Chilian and Uruguayan Formicide, 
Dr. C. Berg. 


REVUE BIOLOGIQUE DU NorD DE LA FRANCE, 2e Année, No. 7, April, 
1890.—‘‘ Acarines and Marine Insects of the sides of the Boulonnais (con- 
‘tinued),’’ R. Moniez. 


Le NATURLISTE CANADIEN, April, 1890.—Continuation of the He- 
‘miptera-Homoptera of the Province of oan i contains the following 
new species, Pemphigus alni. 


-Artt pEL REALE IstITUTO VENETO DI SCIENZE, LETTERE ED ARTI 
(November, 1888—October, 1889), Tomo vii, “ bd of the Italian Acaro- 
fauna,’’ G. Canestrini, with four plates. 


OVERSIGT OVER DET KONGELIGE DANSKE VIDENSKABERNES SELSKABS 
(Copenhagen). Bulletin for 1889, No. 2.—‘‘ Contribution to the anatomy 
of the Ant-lions,’’ by Fr. Meinert, with two plates. 


Compt. RENDU. SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE BELGIQUE, I Mars, 1890. 
—,‘‘Heterocera Exotica, new genus and species from the Dutch East 
Indies (continued),”” by J. M. Heylaerts; Sguamura n. g. 


NATURWISSENSCHAFTLICHE WOCHENSCHRIFT (Berlin) for Mar. 2, 1890, 
-contains an article on swarms of “‘ Butterflies in the South Atlantic Ocean 
remote from the land,” off the Argentine coast, in February, 1887. 


THE ZEITSCHRIFT FUR WISSENSCHAFTLICHE ZOOLOGIE, vol. xlix, heft 
3, contains ‘‘ Researches on the first embryological phenomena in the 
eggs of Insects—I. The egg of Pieris brassica,”’ H. Henking, with three 
plates. 


Le NATURLISTE CANADIEN for February, 1890.—Continuation of the 
notes on Hemiptera—Homoptera of Quebee (fams. Jassidz and Psyllidz); 
-a new species of Erythroneura (£. mali) and one of Jdiocerus (I. Duzeei) 
-are described. 


Le NATURLISTE CANADIEN, March, 1890.—“‘ Hemiptera-Homoptera of 
the Province of Quebec (continued),’’ fams, Psyllida and Aphid; in- 
cludes the following new species: Psylla recticeps, Diraphia g-cornis, D. 
sanguinea, Livia saltatrix, L. bifasciata. 


96 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCEs II, 1889.— 
Entomological Communications, Dr. H. H. Behr; genus Neophasia Behr 
= Eucheira Westw., with three species, socia/is Westw., Ter/ooftii Behr, 
menapia Feld.; Dryocampa Riversti n. sp., Cal. ‘ 


MEMOIRES DE LA SOCIETE DE PHYSIQUE ET D’HISTOIRE NATURELLE 
DE GENEVE, xxx, No. 6.—New or little-known Locustida, A. Pictet; con- 
tains many new genera and species, including the following from North 
America, /diostatus n. g., I. californicus, figured. 


ZOOLOGISCHER ANZEIGER, Xiii, No. 329, 10 Mar. 1890.—‘‘ Butterflies’ 
wings and the Imaginal disk of the same,’’ and ‘‘Gland-system of the 
Skin in Bombycide (silk-spinners), by E. Verson. No. 330, 17 Mar., ’go. 
‘‘On the Embryology of Blatta germanica’’ by N. Cholodkovsky.. 


WE have lately received Vol. i, No. 1, of the Entomologist’s Record 
and Journal of Variation, edited by J. W. Tutt. This fills a very impor- 
tant gap in entomological literature, and is both interesting and useful 
from a scientific standpoint. We wish it all success and a long life. 


IN THE COMPTES-RENDUS DES SEANCES DE LA SOCIETE ENTOMOLO- 
GIQUE DE BELGIQUE for Feb. 1, 1890.—A Forel has a note on “A parasite 
of Myrmecia forficata Fabr.’? The parasite is also a hymenopter, Au- — 
charis myrmecie P. Cam., whose nymphs were found in chrysalids of the 


. Myrmecia from South Australia. 


ENTOMOLOGISCHE NACHRICHTEN, xvi, 4, February, 1890.—New His- 
teridz, J. Schmidt; includes one North American species, Saprinus sul- 
catulus, from California. Orthopterological communications, Dr. F. 
Karsch; on Phaneroptera from Asia and Africa; two new genera are 
formed, Ceratopompa and Tetraconcha. 


From Pror. C. BERG we have received a copy of his ‘‘ Quadraginfa 
Coleoptera Nova Argentino (from Ann. Univer. Buenos Aires, vi, 1889).”’ 
The forty new species from the Argentine Republic here described are 
of the families Cerambycidz, Meloidz, Mordellidz, Cistelidze, ‘TTenebri- 
onidz, Malacodermata and Buprestide. 


MEMOIRS OF THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY AT HARVARD 
COLLEGE, Vol. xvii, No. 1, is Mr. L. Cabot’s.—‘‘ The Immature State of 
the Odonata, Part III.—Subfamily Cordulina,’’ with six plates. The 
nymphs of twenty-four species of Cordudina and eleven species of Pantala 
and 7yramea, are described and figured excellently. 


WE have received from M. Ernest Olivier his excellent Catalogue of the 
Coleoptera of the Department of the Allier, France, forming Part I of 
Volume II, of ‘‘ Faune de 1|’Allier,”’ published at Moulins, 1890. Faunal 
lists of restricted areas are always of value as supplying data for geo- 
graphical distribution, and such is M. Olivier’s work, which fills 375 pages, 
and is provided with a valuable index—table of genera. 


1890. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 97 


ABHANDLUNGEN [DES] SENCKENBERGISCHEN NATURFORSCHENDEN 
GerseELiscuart (Frankfurt a. M.), xvi, heft 1, ’90.—'* The Lepidopterous 
Fauna of the Island of Porto Rico,’ H. B. Méschler, 1 plate; contains 
numerous new genera and. new species. This is a very useful and im- 
portant paper, as it gives a complete list of the species of the island, both 
macro and micro, with all the references (pp. 290). 


MEMORIE DELLA R. ACCADEMIA DELLE SCIENZE DELL’ ISTITUTO DI 
BoLocGna, Serie iv, Tomo ix, 1888.—‘‘ On the Figure and Structure of the 


‘Facets of the Cornea and on the Refractive Medium of the Compound 


Eyes of the Muscidz,”’ G. V. Ciaccio, 1 plate. ‘‘ Anatomical Composi- 
tion of the Nerves and their mode of termination in the muscles of the 
Grasshopper (Oediopoda fasciata Siebold), V. Mazzoni, one plate. - 


ICONES ORNITHOPTERORUM. —A ‘monograph of the Rhopalocerous ° 
genus Ornithoptera, or Bird-wing Butterflies by Robert H. F. Rippon; 
Part 1. To be completed in twenty parts, with a map and nearly eighty 
plates; Part 1 contains four plates, giving colored figures and the neura- 
tion of O. urvilliana, hippolytus and cresus. The text is very exhaustive. 
If the remaining parts are in the same style as the first, the above will be 
a grand work. : 


THE FossiIL BUTTERFLIES OF FLORISSANT, Samuel H. Scudder.—This 
is an extract from the eighth annual report of the Director of the Depart- 
ment of the Interior, 35 pp. 2 plates. The following new genera are de- 
scribed: /upiteria, Lithopsyche, Nymphalites, Apanthesis, Prolibythea 
and Stolopsyche. The new species are /Jupiteria charon, Lithopsyche 
styx, Nymphalites obscurum, Apanthesis leuce, Prolibythea vagabunda 
and Stolopsyche libytheoides. 


THE YounG NATURALIST, January, 1890 (London).—The Origin and 
Loss of the Wings of Insects, Linnaeus Greening. The Pterophorina 
of Britain, J. W. Tutt. Same for February, 1890. The Pterophorina 
of Britain (continued). Notes on the possible advantages of melanic 
variations to Lepidoptera, Lord Walsingham. The Origin and Loss of 
Wings of Insects, Linnaeus Greening. Curious Visitors at Sugar, G. 
Pullen. Retarded Emergence, John E. Robson. 


TRANSACTIONS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF Lonpon, Part I, 1890, 
with six plates. On the phylogenetic significance of the wing-markings 
in certain genera of the Nymphalidz, Frederick A. Dixey. Systematic 
temperature experiments on some Lepidoptera in all their stages, Frederic 
Merrifield. This paper and the accompanying plates are of great interest, 
as they show one of the causes of variation in a species, and also teach an 
important lesson to those who are too hasty in describing new species of 


Lepidoptera. 


ANNALEN DES K. K. NATURHISTORISCHEN Hormusevums (Wien), Bd. 
iv, No. 4, 1889.—The Hymenopterous Group of the Evaniidz, mono- 
graphically treated,”’ by A. Schletterer, 3d Abtheilung, with four plates; 

6* 


98 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, 


numerous new species are described from all parts of the world, including 
five species of Gasteruption from North America, Bd. v, No. 1, 18go. 
‘‘ [Contribution] to the knowledge of the Pemphredons,” by F. F. Kohl, 
including, besides other new species, three from North America of the 
genera Cemonus, Ammoplanus ? and Stigmus. 


Hor# SOcietaTIs ENTOMOLOGIC# Rossic#, xxiii, 1890, contains 
papers on Russian and Asiatic insects, including new species of Heterop- 
tera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera and Lepidoptera; Revision of the copu- 
latory armature of the males of the Chrysides, Gen. Radoszowski; On 
the anatomy of Sesia apiformis and tipuliformis, E. Brandt; Anatomy of 
Vermipsylla:-alacurt, |. Wagner; Revision of the European species of the 
genus Phronia Winnertz, with the descriptions of two new genera, Macro- 
brachius and Megophthalmidia, H. Driedzicki, etc. 


BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA; Part lxxxii, Feb., 1890.—Arachnida- 
Araneidea O. P. Cambridge, pp. 57—64, pl. 6; Coleoptera, vol. 2, pt. 1, 
D. Sharp, pp. 305—312, vol. 3, pt. 1, C. O. Waterhouse, pl. 9, vol. 6, pt. 
1, supplement, M. Jacoby, pp. 169—176. Lepidoptera-Heterocera, vol. 1, 
H. Druce, pp. 369—384, pl. 32. Diptera, vol. 2, F. M. van der Wulp, pp. 
57—88; Part Ixxxiv, Arachnida-Acaridea, Otto Stoll, pp. 17—24, pls. 12— 
14.. Coleoptera, vol. 2, pt. 1, D. Sharp, pp. 313—336, vol. 7, H. S. Gor- 
ham, pp. 129—144, pl. 7. Hymenoptera, vol. 2, P. Cameron, pp. 65—8o, 
pl. 5. Lepidoptera-Heterocera, vol. 1, H. Druce, pp. 385—392. Rhyn- 
chota-Heteroptera, W. L. Distant, pp. 329336. Diptera, vol. 2, F. M. 
van der Wulp, pp. 85—112. 


BERLINER ENTOMOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT, xxxiii, 2 heft—The Hy- 
menopterous genera Stenophasmus Sm., Monomachus Westw., Pelecinus 
Latr. and Megalyra Westw., monographically treated,’’ A. Schletterer. 
‘“‘ Contribution to the knowledge of the Ascalaphidze of Madagascar,’’ Dr. . 
F. Karsch;* Balanopteryx, Ameridops n. g. ‘‘On a new East-African 
genus of Libellulide, separated tor /dionyx luctifera Selys,’* Dr. F. 
Karsch, Schizonya, also Dicranopyga, n. g.”’ ‘‘ New Histeridz from 
Paraguay,” J. Schmidt; Hesperodromus, Discoscelis, Colonides, Termi- 
toxenus,n.g. ‘‘ Contributions to the knowledge of the species and genera 
of Libellulina,’’* Dr. F. Karsch; Paltothemis, Potamarcha, Corduliops, 
Helothemis, Malamarptis, Oligoclada, Micromacromia, Allorhizucha 
n.g. ‘Three new Tenebrionidz from Tripoli,”’* G. Quedenfeldt; Pa- 
chylodera n. g. 


LES INSECTES VESICANTS.—H. Beauregard, Paris, 1890. A large octavo 
volume of nearly 600 pages with many illustrations in the text and large 
lithographic plates of anatomical and microscopical details. It is divided 
into four parts, the first is anatomical, second the physiology and pharma- 
cology, with special researches on the seat of the vesicating property, the 
third is devoted.to classification, the fourth a catalogue of all species de- 


* Contains new species other than North American. 


1890. ] _- ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 99 


scribed to date. A new classification is adopted, based on the habits of 
the secondary larva, which does not differ materially from that already in 
vogue, based on the characters of the insects themselves. Some of our . 


- genera were unknown to the author, and a good number fairly well mis- 


understood. While the work will be useful for reference as a compen- 
dium it will hardly become a standard in classification.—G. H. H. — 


VERHANDLUNGEN DER K. K. ZOOLOGISCH-BOTANISCH GESELLSCHAFT 
tN Wien, Bd. xxxix, Heft 3.—‘‘ Contributions to the knowledge of the 
chilopods,”’ B. Schaufler, with one plate and four zincographs, treating of 
the male and female genital organs. ‘‘ Arachnidz Transcaspice,’’ E. 
Simon, describing: new species and three new genera, Aéfu/us (fam. At- 
tidze), Scylax (fam. Drasside) and Phyzioschema (fam. Avicularidz), 


_ Heft 4 (same Band). ‘‘ Determination-table of the Trichopterygide of 


the European faunal district,’’ by C. Flach, with five plates and one zinco- 
graph; the table is arranged both for genera and species, and includes six 
new species. “Fourth Contribution to the Dipterous Fauna of Tyrol,” 
E. Pokorny, including new species of various genera of the families Bibi- 
onidz, Anthomyzinz and Helomyzinz, and establishing two new genera, 
Chiastocheta (fam. Anthomyzinz), type Aricia troliii Ztt., and Steringo- 
myia (fam. Sarcophaginz), type S. sty/ifera n. sp. 


. 

NortH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. REVISED CHECK-LIST OF THE N. 
AMERICAN Noctuip& by A. Radcliffe Grote, A. M., Part I. Thyatirine— 
Noctuinz. Bremen, 1890. Printed by Homeyer & Meyer, Rutenhof, pp. 
52. Preface and Index.—This list, Mr. Grote states, is to supersede or 
take the place of the list of 1875-76, and like the latter the new list simply 
enumerates the species and proposes a number of new generic terms 
without description. ‘So far as I am concerned it closes my thirty years’ 
work in the North American Owlet.moths and represents my present 
comprehension of the natural ,classification of the family.’”’** Mr. Grote 
separates the usual small aggregation as Thyatirinze, and places all the 
rest of the genera into the Noctuinz, dividing them tribally. The Bom- 
bycoidi head the list with three genera. In this tribe and in the preceding 
subfamily species described by Dr. Strecker, Mr. Edwards and myself, 
éven as far back as 1876; have been omitted. 

_ The Apatelini contain fourteen genera. The Agrotini contain eleven; 
about fifty species of Agrofis described by myself are omitted. In sug- 
gesting that the species of Agrofis need re-arrangement, a series of char- 
acters is given with a show of originality, although they had been used by 
European authors thirty years ago. Mr. Grote is comfortably unaware 
that over one hundred species of what he calls Agvofis are structurally 
absolutely identical with the two species which he separates as Carneades. 
The Dicopini follow, with four genera. 
The Hadenini contain forty-four genera, and in this tribe are contained 


* See Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. xxi, 143, 1887, for almost identical language. 


100 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. —_ [ June, 


the typical Owlets. The species and genera referable here, described by 
me in 1887 are omitted, and my Revisions of Onxcocnemis, Oligia and 
. Pseudanarta, are apparently unknown to the author. 

The Arzamini have two genera, the Nonagriini eight, the Scolocampini 
six, and Aolophana has a little tribe all by itself. Six genera constitute 
the Caradrini, while the Orthosiini contain thirty-three genera, among 
them Zeniocampa, Glea and Orthosia. As usual, my genera and species 
are omitted, even those described in 1887. My recent Revision of Tzenio- 
campinz Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1889, pp. 455-496, places the species and 
genera into a more natural grouping. 

The Calocampini have three genera, C/eophana and Cucullia each form 
a tribe, the Eutelini have three genera, the Anomiini five, while Lzfopro- 
sopus again forms a singular tribe. 

The Plusiini have six, the Calpini four, and the Stiriini eight genera. 

In the Heliothini Mr. Grote proposes a few more generic names, and 
adds Lepipolys, Anarta, Cirrhophanus and Annaphila to the tribe. 

The Tarachini contain three genera, and Cerathosia is placed here and 
elevated to the tribal rank. Mr. Grote again goes over my supposed 
blunders and does not seem to know my paper in which the venation is 
figured. I have explained how the obliteration of vein 5 of secondaries 
by the Canatla balsam caused my mistake. Mr. Grote affects to discredit 
this explanation, which all, who have ever mounted bleached wings, can 
easily substantiate. Knowing the danger as I did, I should have been 
more careful; but, as 1t is the only mistake of mine Mr. Grote ever dis- 
covered, he will no doubt continue to harp on it. The Eustrotiinze con- 
tain all the remaining genera save AHyb/ea, which forms a tribe. The 
remainder of the pamphlet is taken up with generalities and criticisms, 
in which Messrs. Riley, Hulst and myself fare ill. In his characterization 
of the Noctuidze Mr. Grote says’: “the front pair [of tibiz] rarely with 
an epiphysis.’’ I know of no species in which this organ is wanting. It 
is scarcely worth while noticing the vagaries of these ten pages, winding 
up with “ But I have no longer time to indulge in philosophy or sentiment. 
Already I hear the roaring of the lions from those heights where Dr. C. 
V. Riley and Professor J. B. Smith browse together upon Government 
pastures” Y! 

This is pathetic, undoubtedly, and characterizes the list, which is fully 
five years behind the time, and is as remarkable for what it lacks as for 
what it contains.—JoHN B. SMITH. 


s 


ENTOMOLOGICAL News for May was mailed May 3, 1890. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 


- AND 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION, 


ACADEMY NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. 


VoL. ~ SEPTEMBER, 1890. No. 7. 
CONTENTS: 
Slosson—Winter collecting in Florida.. 1o1 | Bunker—Some experiences in Larve - 
P. P. C.—Elementary Entomology....... Io2 | RReaeaiipsetaerttarss: ecacpaccdescens ses cescss 108 
Dyar—Two species of Lepidoptera new Notes and News 110 
RANE A TG eee oo oan tastes 2 0005-0 secceee 105 | Entomological Literature........s.....00-+++ 112 
Fox—Description of three new species Doings OF SOCTCHES .6.ci..5é.45 cecdeestactesbece. 115 


of Hymenoptera-.-........0. pens See 106 ! 


WINTER COLLECTING IN FLORIDA. 
BY ANNIE TRUMBULL SLOSSON. 
(Continued from p. 83, vol. i.) 

To attract moths at night we used a large lamp with Rochester 
burner, giving a very brilliant light. The first time we tried it 
very few insects came, though the night seemed favorable, warm, 
n dark and still. After waiting an hour or two, with little gain, we 
_ extinguished the lamp preparatory to going indoors, when, at 
once, moths began flying into the dimly-lighted windows and 
resting there: This occurred again and again, until we felt as- 
. sured that our brilliant light frightened away rather than tempted 
_ the moths of Punta Gorda. It was not until some weeks after 

ie our discovery of this fact that we read in ENroMoLocicaL News 
_ for February of Mr. Doherty’s letter as to his collecting in the 
_ Naga Hills. In this you will remember he expresses the opinion 
that “light used in out-of-the-way places repels rather than at- 
tracts.’’ I frequently spent an evening in my room with a bright 
gas-light and a large kerosene lamp burning directly in front of 
the open window. No insects came, but when I had turned out 
the gas and lowered the flame of my cae moths would soon 


begin to fly in. 


. 
‘ 


102 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [September, 


At sugar, although the number of moths taken was large, the 
variety was very small. In a catch of fifty or sixty moths there 
would often be but two or three species. zbolina stylobata was 
always at these sugar stations in large numbers, also Agrofés in- 
“civis, A. malefida and various species of Homoptera, particularly 
HT, edusina and 7. benesignata. 

The colony of West Indian insects, of which Mr. Schwartz and 
others have written, is well represented at Punta Gorda. I found 
one night resting near a lighted window a beautiful specimen of 
the ‘‘Spanish moth,’’ Fathisanotia timais.Cram. It bore the 
bloom of extreme youth, and could not have emerged from the 
pupa many hours before. It is an exquisite creature, with its 
fore wings of carmine and orange and secondaries of leaden black. 

I took also one specimen of a Sphingid described and figured 
by Grote in his ‘‘ Notes on Cuban Sphingide (Proc. Ent. Soc. 
Phil. vol. v),’’ Hemeroplanes pseudothyreus. 1 do not recall its 
record from Florida previous to my capture, but it should have 
its place in our lists. It is a curious insect, much like 7hyreus in 
general appearance, but with a peculiar discal mark, like a white 
arrow-head, with a small white dash above it. Many fine fresh 
specimens of the large geomeéter Oxydia vesuliata Cram. flew to 
the lighted windows at night. They are exceedingly variable, 
some very dark purple-brown, some uniformly light grayish drab, 
and others with median space of pale ochre, but all with the dis- 
tinctive large, black, diffuse patch on. secondaries, near outer 
margin. I found also Urapteryx floridata Gr. 

Doubtless many of my unidentified moths will prove to be 
West Indian forms. Although I found so many interesting spe- 
cies in Florida this Winter, yet insects were much less plentiful 
than in ordinary seasons. The long continued drought, with one 
or two severe freezes, interfered seriously with plant and insect 
life. In a dozen years I have never seen a Winter where butter- 
flies were so scarce; every one spoke of this, and even the 
ordinary tourist noticed it. 


ELEMENTARY ENTOMOLOGY. 


Third Paper—REGIONS AND APPENDAGES OF INSECTS. 
THE HEAD. 


As stated in the first paper of this series,* the body of a per- 


* ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, i, pp. 702—71. May, 1890. 


. 
7 


bo 


“) 


I ee 


re 


. 1890. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 103 


fect insect is divided into three regions,—the head, the thorax 
and the abdomen. 

_ This division into regions is not to be confounded with the di- 
vision into segments; each region consists of a number of seg- 
ments. In the case of those insects undergoing a complete 
transformation (butterflies, bees, beetles, etc.), it is only the 
imago whose body shows clearly this division into three regions. 
On the other hand, the larve of such insects as dragonflies and 
grasshoppers, whose transformation is incomplete, show a very 
marked division into three regions, even when just hatched from 


the egg. The tri-regional division of the body may be more or 


less clearly perceived in those insects referred to in the first paper 
as passing through two states,—fish moths and spring tails. 

Many of the segments of an insects body bear paired, jointed 
appendages, one pair toa segment. These appendages may be 
antenne (‘‘feelers’’), jaws, legs, claspers, etc. The wings, al- 
though often spoken of as appendages, do not anatomically cor- 
respond, or are not homologous* to the appendages just referred to. 
_ The form, proportion, shape and relative development of the 
different parts of the trunk and appendages of insects vary very 
greatly. Only the more general, ‘typical arrangement of these 
parts will be described in these papers treating of insects in gen- 
eral. The modifications must be left to subsequent papers on the 
separate orders. In these general papers reference is usually 
made to the imago, when describing anatomical parts. 


THE HEap of the imago is usually distinct from the rest of the 
body. The segments of which it is composed are not easily dis- 
tinguishable, owing to the sutures being more or less obliterated, 
and one might be tempted to say at first sight, that it consisted 
of but one segment. Comparative study, however, has shown 
that it is composed, not of one, but of several segments. The 
exact number is perhaps four, although this is not entirely certain. 

Prof. Comstock has adopted a convenient classification of the 
parts of the head, which we cannot do better than follow here. 
He divides the parts of the head into fixed parts and movable 
parts. ; 

The fixed parts are the compound eyes, the simple eyes, the 
occiput, the epicranium, the clypeus, and the gua. 


*In the technical language of Comparative Biology, homologous refers to anatomical 
similarity, analogous to physiological similarity. 


104 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [September, 


The movable parts are the anfenne and the mouth parts. 

The compound eyes (fig. 1, @) are quite conspicuous, and us- 
ually are easily seen and recognized as eyes. They are two in 
number, and are placed one on each side of the head. The sur- 
face of each compound eye is made up) of a large number of 
hexagonal facets, fitting against each other like the cells of a 
honey-comb. Each facet is the cornea of a distinct simple eye. 
The number of facets in the compound eyes of different insects 


varies from 50 to 30,000 (Comstock). Sometimes the facets are 


quadrangular (Packard). 


The simple eyes (fig. 1, e) are small and not very tnapioueene 


They are placed on the top (dorsal* surface) of the head, between 
the compound eyes. Ordinarily there are 
three-simple eyes, but their number varies 
from one to four; they are usually wanting 
in beetles. Compound eyes are clusters 
of simple eyes. Larvze have only simple 
eyes, situated on the sides of the head. 
During growth they ‘“‘ increase in number, 
and finally coalesce to form the compound 
eye, or compound cornea, the surface of 


Fig. 1, Front view of the i ‘ : 
Bg of a Wasp: which is very convex and protuberant in 


a,a,the compound eyes; the predaceous insects, or those requiring 


2, theclypeus;¢,the labrum; 4 extended field of vision (Packard’s 
d, the mandibles; e, three 


ocelli, or simple eyes; 4% Guide).’’ Usually the compound eyes are 
= coke peda Aire. referred to as simply ‘the eyes,” while 
upon the vertex, ff upon the simple eyes are termed oce// (singular 
hie sous, ocellus) or stemmata (sing. stemma). 

The occiput is the rear or base of the head, and articulates 
with the first segment of the thorax. 

The epicranium (fig. 1) is in front of the occiput, and, in gen- 
eral, forms the top or dorsal portion of the head, but it very often 
forms part of the sides of the head and even of the under (ven- 
tral) surface. On account of its extent, names have been given 
to different parts of the epicranium.* The vertex is its topmost 
(most dorsal) part, the fron¢ or frons is its most anterior part, the 


gen@, or cheeks, its sides, or lateral parts. The ocelli are usually — 


situated on the vertex. 


* When an insect is standing in natural position, its upper surface is dorsal, its lower 
surface ventrad, 


18go. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 105 


The normal position of the clypeus (fig. 1, 6) is anterior to the 
epicranium. Typically, it is composed of two sclerites, the Aznd-, 
post-, or supra-clypeus, and the fore-, ante-, or infra-clypeus. 
The term efistoma is equivalent to clypeus. In some insects the 
equivalent of the clypeus is composed of two pieces, an upper 
called nasus, and a lower or rhinarium ; again the rhinarium may 
be absent. To the lower or anterior border of the clypeus is 
attached the labrum, or upper lip. 

The gula is in front of, or below the occiput, and is confined to 
the under or ventral surface of the head. To its anterior border 
is attached the labium, or lower lip. 

The sutures between the fixed parts of the head may be want- 
ing, and the shape and extent of the parts vary greatly. In many 
insects the fixed parts, excepting the eyes and ocelli, are more 
or less covered with hair, so that the shape of the parts cannot 
be seen until the hair is removed. PC. 


Two Species of Lepidoptera new to our Lists. 
. BY HARRISON G. DYAR. 


While at Lake Worth, Florida, last Winter I captured speci- 
mens of two species not in our lists. They are the following: 

Callidryas statira Cram.—The % is of the color of C. eudule, 
but the border of raised scales extends more than half way across 
the wing, and there is a large spot of these scales in the end of 
the cell. The inner edge of this border is nearly straight, and it 
is very pale yellow, almost white. On the hind wings the border 
is narrower, more irregular, and ends before the anal angle. 
Below much as in C. exdule % , but with only faint traces of any 
spots. 

Taken with Caliidryas eubule and C. agarithe, but less common. 
January. 

Composia fidelissima Herrich-Schaffer.—% 9. Head black, 
with two white spots. Collar and thorax black, with small white 
spots. Abdomen black, with a very strong blue reflection and a 
double row of small white spots on the last segments in the %- 
Below neatly banded with white; wings black, a strong blue re- 
flection at the base and end of the cell of primaries and on basal 
two-thirds of secondaries. On costa of primaries at base are 


106 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [September, 


three subquadrate, crimson spots, more or less confluent. In the 
cell are two white spots, the outer continued on to the costa, but 
interrupted by the vein. A marginal and a transverse row of 
white spots, the latter from costa beyond cell to middle of outer 
margin composed of five spots the last small. The marginal row 


starts on costa before apex and has four intervenular spots, each 


nearer the outer margin than the last, and two more spots below, 
the last. above the submedian vein, the one before it large and 
round. A small spot at base of the wing above submedian vein. 
The secondaries have a marginal row of nine white spots, the 
first at the apex, the fourth and the ninth at basal angle, small. 
Below as above, but the blue reflection on primaries is more ex- 
tensive. Legs marked and banded with white. 

This Zygzenid was taken abundantly towards evening flying 
with Syntomeida epilais Walk., than which it was much more 
abundant. 

The flora of the strip of land between Lake Worth and the 
ocean, as well as that between Indian River and the ocean par- 
takes of a decidedly subtropical character, and many Cuban spe- 
cies find their: homes here, of which the occurrence of the above- 
_ mentioned species is an example. 


ray 
UV 


DESCRIPTION OF THREE NEW SPECIES OF 
HYMENOPTERA. 


BY WILLIAM J. FOX. 
Hoplisus foveolata n. sp. 

?.—Black, shining; head sparsely punctured, hardly as wide 
as the thorax; clypeus, labrum, basal half of mandibles, scape, first 
six joints of flagellum, thorax, spots on posterior tarsal joints 
near apex, and basal segment of abdomen, except ring at apical 
margin, dark reddish brown; clypeus covered with silvery pu- 
bescence in certain lights, with long golden hairs; labrum with 
a fringe of golden hairs on anterior margin; faee with a distinct 
furrow extending from the lower ocellus to the middle of the 
face; metathorax feebly punctate, covered with pale brownish 
pubescence, a deep longitudinal furrow extending from base to 
apex, interrupted at tip of enclosed triangular space by a deep 
fovea, the oblique lateral furrows enclosing the triangular space 
foveolate; wings fuliginous-brown, iridescent; second recurrent 


1890.] _ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 107 


nervure received by the second submarginal cell before its apex; 
line on anterior orbits, apical margin of scutellum, tarsi, and ring 
on apical margin of basal. segment, yellowish; remaining seg- 
ments of abdomen black. Length .55-.60 inch. 
Two specimens, Florida. Collected by Charles W. Johnson, 
of the Wagner Institution, Philadelphia. 
. This species resembles somewhat AH. Smithii Cress., from IIli- 


‘nois, but the wings are darker, the second recurrent nervure is 


not confluent with the second transverse cubital nervure and the 
basal segment with the largest portion of it brownish. 


Philanthus eurynome n. sp. 3 

?.—Black, shining, deeply, but not closely punctured; vertex, 
cheeks, thorax on sides and beneath covered with pale pubes- 
cence; spot on anterior part of raised space between antenne, 
sides of face, narrowed to emargination of the eyes; mandibles, 
except tip, scape, elongate spot beneath anterior wings, tegulz, 


_ postscutellum, large lateral spots on second segment, elongate 


spots on third and fourth, the latter with two elongate marks on 
apical margin yellow; first three joints of flagellum entirely and 
the remaining joints beneath, raised space between antennz ba- 
sally, broad band on occiput extending down to the centre of 
the cheeks, line on collar, scutellum; ‘first segment, except ex- 
treme base, above and beneath, second segment above and apical 
margins of all the segments dark-reddish brown; the first dorsal 
segment with a deep, black, transverse furrow before its apical 
margin, the second having a black line before its apical margin; 
metathorax with a deep furrow extending from base to centre, 
where it is interrupted, the furrow continuing from a deep fovea 
and extending almost to the apex; wings yellowish hyaline, with 
darker apical margins, slightly iridescent, nervures and stigma 
yellowish brown, first recurrent nervure received by the second 
submarginal cell at the middle, the second received by the third 
submarginal cell a little beyond the base; legs brownish, a spot in 
front and on tips of anterior femora, base of anterior tibiae and 
medial tibiz in front and at base yellow. Length .57 inch. 

One specimen. Collected by Mr. C. W. Johnson, in Florida. 


Ceelioxys dolichos n. sp. 
@.—Black, shining; head and thorax sparsely punctured; 
sides of the face, cheeks, thorax beneath, metathorax, legs, basal 


108 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [September, 


and apical margins of -first segment and apical margin of the 
second, third and fourth segments with pale pubescence; tegulze 
impunctured; prothorax produced into a tooth laterally; scutellum 
produced out over the metathorax in a sharp angle, the lateral 
teeth long, not acute, the disc of scutellum smooth, shining, im- 
punctured; basal third of wings hyaline, the remaining two-thirds 
fuscous, slightly iridescent; first recurrent nervure received by 
the second submarginal cell beyond its base, the second recur- 
rent nervure received by it before its apex; spines of the tibize 
and the tarsi slightly brownish; abdomen sparsely punctured, 
more closely so on the sides, basal and apical margins of the seg- 
ments, basal segment concave in front, a distinct carina, beginning 
at the base of the second dorsal segment and extending to apex, the 
carina very strongly marked on apical half of last segment, the latter 
excavated on each side of the carina, compressed before its apex, 
beneath also carinated, the carina extending out into a point, 
which is plainly seen from above, the segments beneath with a 
well marked impunctured apical margin. Length .55 inch. 
One specimen, Collected by Charles W. Johnson, in Florida. 
This species can at once be distinguished by the carina on the 
dorsal segments of abdomen. 


D 
Y 


SOME EXPERIENCES IN LARVA REARING. 


BY ROBERT BUNKER. 


If one wishes to gain a knowledge of the life history of a spe- 
cies, it is absolutely necessary to begin with the egg and follow 
it carefully through the different stages to the imago; and not 
only one season should be devoted to it, but the same species 
should be reared several years in succession in order to learn all 
the varieties of color ornamentation and deviations from the typical 
form. Such a course would be to the student or beginner like 
the turning of the kaleidoscope, every turn would bring to view 
some new variety, some new form, some new feature he had not 
seen before; and occasionally a veritable monstrosity would come 
to the front and startle him by its unique appearance. There are 
other advantages to be gained by rearing moths and butterflies 
from eggs, you get rid of that bane of the collector—the insidious 
parasite. One also stands a far better chance of getting rare spe- 


ae a ee i ere 


1890. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 109 


cies, and we may add more perfect ones than by hunting up the 
imagos. I began rearing moths from eggs many years ago, but. 
confined myself to eggs of foreign silk moths which I could ob- 
tain in no other way. Fortunately, a few years ago I found a 
female Smerinthus modestus on the Lombardy Poplar, she laid 
quite a number of eggs, from which I reared moths and wrote a 
description of their life history, which was published in the 
** Canadian Entomologist’’ at the time, so it is not necessary to 
re-write it now, but will mention one characteristic I have not 
noticed in any other species. While feeding, most larva clasp 
the leaf with their prolegs and manipulate with the mouth and 
true legs, the body being on a line with the edge of the leaf, but 
this species, while feeding, rests with its body stretched out at 
right angles to the edge of the leaf, and by reaching over and 
turning the head so as to face the edge of the leaf, feeds without 
inconvenience and as the leaf is eaten away moves up and down 
laterally. I was curious to know what the result would be when 
the leaf was eaten, so that there was no standing room, but the 
difficulty was overcome by abandoning the leaf when half eaten 
for a fresh one. 

A larva that has been attacked by pararsites may sometimes 
be resuscitated. On one occasion I found a half grown larva of 
Thyreus Abboti on the grape vine, and on the sides of the thorax 
were half a score or more of eggs; they had hatched out and the 
young worms had entered the body of their victim, but as the 
shells of the eggs had been recently broken I thought I would 
try the effect of chloroform upon the larva, so procuring a feather 
I swabed the parts thoroughly. Now, it is well known that this 
species and Detdamia inscripta are very sensitive to the touch, 
and will wriggle around ina vicious manner if touched with a straw 
or the tip of the finger, but when I applied the chloroform its 
contortions were violent, a regular cyclone; so violent were its 
movements that it would throw itself up clear from the earth at the 
bottom of the cage, and I began to fear the cage itself was in 
danger of being wrecked. It finally subsided and appeared to 
be dead. Two hours later, on looking into the cage, I found my 
sick patient had rallied and was crawling slowly about. I gave 
it another big dose, and after placing some fresh grape leaves in 
the cage, left it for the night. The next morning, to my surprise, 
it had fully recovered, and was apparently as well as ever, and 


110 _ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [September, 


was partaking of the aliment set before it in a very satisfactory 
manner. After the harsh treatment it had received it began to 
feed regularly, and in two weeks got its growth, buried itself, 
and came out a perfect moth the following June. 

(To be continued.) 


Notes and News. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS 
: OF THE GLOBE. 


[The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws solicit, and will thankfully receive items 
of news, likely to interest its readers, from any source. The author’s name will be given 
in each case for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] 


In the future all papers received for publication in the News will be 
printed according to date of reception. ; 


In accordance with the notice on second page of cover, no numbers of 
ENTOMOLOGICAL News were published in July and August, as every one 
is interested in collecting, and it is also the time when people take their 
vacation, the editior and advisory committee included. This is inserted 
for those who were looking for the News during the last two months. 


A SPECIMEN of Papilio palamedes was captured in Philadelphia this 
Summer, it was bright and fresh. Virginia is the northermost pee ene 
in the catalogues. 


A Swaro of butterflies halted near Placerville, Cal., the other day, and 
for a time ‘‘they were so thick about the springs and moist places that 
teamsters couldn’t see their leaders.” 


HEMIPTEROLOGISTS will be interested to know that I took many speci- 
mens of both sexes of the winged form of Metrobates hesperius Uhl. on 
the Tennessee River at Knoxville, Tenn., June 15th. Hitherto, I believe, 
the winged form of this species has been found only in the West Indies. 

Prof. H. E. SuMMERs. 


Mr. W. F. Kirsy, author of “A Synonymic Catalogue of Diurnal 
Lepidoptera,” will publish, shortly with Messrs. Gurney & Jackson, “A 
Synonymic Catalogue of Neuroptera Odonata,’’ or Dragonflies. He hopes 
to bring out afterwards the first volume of his ‘“‘ Catalogue of Lepidoptera- 
Heterocera,’’ a work which has engaged his attention for nearly twenty 
years. 

As TO FLiges.—So you want to know where the flies come from, do you, 
JLucullus? Well, the cyclone makes the house fly, the blacksmith makes 
the fire fly, the carpenter makes the saw fly, the driver makes the horse 
fly, the grocer makes the sand fly, the boarder makes the butter fly, and 
if that is not enough for you you will have to pursue your future studies 
in entomology alone. 


SS a a 


—— eee 


: 
; 


1890. } ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. III 


Pror. ANGELO HEILPRIN found two species of butterflies buried in the 
snow on the glacier he discovered on the volcano of Ixtaccihuatl in Mexico. 
There was a snow storm the previous night and the butterflies were evi- 
dently blown up to this height (15,500 feet). The species were Colias 
c@sonia and Terias sp. The specimen of Zerias was in too bad a con- 
dition to identify. 

Mr. Puicip LAuRENT found Pamphila panoguin fresh and bright on June 
29th, at Anglesea, N. J. He succeeded in getting the eggs. but the larve 
would not feed on ordinary grass. There is another brood on the Atlantic 
coast which appears about August 22d, having been found at this time at 
Cape May, N. J., by Dr. Skinner. The food-plant is supposed to be marsh 


- grass which grows in the salt meadows. 


THE FIELD MEETING AT JAMESBURG, N. J.—A field meeting of the en- 
tomological societies of Brooklyn, Newark and Philadelphia, was held on 


July 4th at Jamesburg, N. J. The societies represented were the Feldman 


Collecting Club, American Entomological Society and Entomological Sec- 
tion of the Academy of Natural Sciences from Philadelphia, and the En- 
tomological Societies of Brooklyn and Newark. Jamesburg is situated in 
the Cranberry bog region of New Jersey, and is a very interesting locality 
entomologically. The headquarters of the meet was a very pretty grove, 
from which the members spread out in various directions in search of bugs. 
The object of the meeting was the fostering of scientific and social inter- 
course among the entomologists of the three cities. The Feldman Col- 
lecting Club was represented by Messrs. J. H. B. Bland (President), 
Wenzel, Dr. Castle, Laurent, E. Wenzel, Boerner, Hoyer, Schmitz and 
Tresher, and the American Entomological Society and Entomological 
Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences by Mr. 1. C. Martindale, Dr. 
G. H. Horn and Dr. H. Skinner; Brooklyn, by Messrs. Meeske, Leng, 
Davis, Dietz, Harbeck, Merkel, Beyer, Smith and Banks; -Newark, by 
Messrs. Machesney, Stortz, Angelman, Loeffler, Hess, Leib and Crane. 
After collecting for a couple of hours a luncheon was served in the grove 
and a photograph taken of the party. A meeting was then called to or- 
ganize permanently. Dr. George H. Horn, President of the American 


_ Entomological Society and Professor of Entomology in the University of 


Pennsylvania, was chosen chairman. The chair nominated the following 
committee to confer with their respective societies in regard to the advisa- 
bility of holding an annual meet and to select the time and place. Mr. 
H. W. Wenzel, of the Feldman Collecting Club; Professor J. B. Smith, 
State Entomologist of New Jersey and Professor of Natural History in 
Rutgers College, for the Brooklyn Society; Mr. Machesney, of Newark, 
and Dr. Henry Skinner, Curator of the American Entomological Society 
of Philadelphia. Altogether, a very pleasant day was spent and the first 
meeting was a grand success. : 


112 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [September, 


Identification of Insects (Imagos) for Subscribers. 


Specimens will be named under the following conditions: 1st, The number of speci- 
mens to be limited to twelve (12) for each sending ; 2d, The sender to pay all expenses of 
transportation and the insects to become the property of the American Entomological 
Society; 3d, Each specimen must have a number attached so that the identification may 
be announced accordingly. Such identifications as can be given will be published, accord- 
ing to number, in the issues of the News. Address packages to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws, 


Academy Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. °. 


W. M. HiLi_.—1., Sphenophorus 13-punctatus; 2, Hister interruptus; 3, 
Elater rubricollis; 4, Gastrophysa cyanea; 5, Chrysopila thoracica; 6, 
Languria mozardi; 7, Megilla maculata; 8, Chlenius estivus; 9, Lebia 
grandis, 10, 11, Chauliangnathus marginatus; 12, Chalenius tormentosus. 


W. LoEWENSTEIN, Jr.—1, Passalus cornutus; 2, Necrophorus ameri- 
canus,; 3, Calosoma Willcoxi; 4, Nyctobates pennsylvanicus; 5, Megalo- 
dacne fasciata; 6, Tenebrio tenebrioides; 7, Cucujus clavipes; 8, Catogenus - 
rufus; 9, Chalenius solitarius; 10, Harpalus caliginosus; 11, Diplochila 
major; 12, Dicelus elongatus. 


Entomological Literature. 


BULLETIN FROM THE LABRATORIES OF NATURAL HISTORY OF THE 
STATE UNIVERSITY OF Iowa contains: A Monograph of the Pselaphidze 
of North America, by E. Brendel, M.D., and H. F. Wickham, vol. i, Nos. 
3 and 4, June, 1890; 88 pages and 4 plates, 77 figs. Such works as these 
are very important, and greatly facilitate study. The authors say: “In 
preparing this monograph we hope to aid students of this large and inter- 
esting family, by sufficiently minute descriptions and synoptical tables, to 
recognize any species known to the fauna of the United States and British 
America, and to see the affinities of American species to the members of 
this family in other lands.’’ 


CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARD A MONOGRAPH OF THE NOCTUID OF TEM- 
PERATE NorTH AMERICA.—Revision of some Tzeniocampid Genera by 
John B. Smith. From Proc. U. S. National Museum vol. xii, pp. 455-496. 
A comparative table of genera is given, and the genera and species de- 
scribed. Two plates and two figs. are given, showing the genital structure 
of the TH@NIOCAMPIN2. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE BosTON SOCIETY OF NATURAL HIsToRY, vol. 
xxiv, p. 482. The Life-history of Drepana arcuata, with remarks on cer- 
tain structural featurés of the larva and on the supposed dimorphism of 
Drepana arcuata and Dryopteris rosea by Alpheus S. Packard. 


BULLETIN AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION OF NEBRASKA, vol. 
iii, art. 2. Insects Injurious to Young Trees on Tree Claims, by Lawrence 
Bruner, pp. 141. This essay is largely illustrated, and gives a history of 
the more important insects injurious to trees. 


1890. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 113 


TRANSACTIONS KANSAS ACADEMY OF SCIENCE, vol. xiii, pt. 1, 1889, p. 
15. Note on the Oviposition of a Wood Borer ( Tragidion Julvipenne) by 
Prof. E. A. Popenoe, p. 34. Experiments for the Artificial Dissemination 
of a Contagious Disease among Chinch-bugs, by Prof. F. H. Snow. Some 
Notes on the MALLopHaGa by Vernon L. Kellogg. 

PROCEEDINGS AND TRANSACTIONS OF THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY 
or GLasGow, vol. ii, pt. 2. Parthenogenesis in HYMENOPTERA by P. 
Cameron. A Contribution towards a Neuropterous Fauna of Ireland by 
James J. F. X. King. 

MARYLAND ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 1890, pp. 73-88. Observations of 


North American Capsip#, with descriptions of new species, by P. R. 


Uhler. Zctopiocerus, new genus; £. anthracinus, n. sp.; Teleorhinus, 
new genus; 7. cyaneus, N. Sp.; Closterocoris, new genus; C. ornata, n. 
sp.; Coguillettia, new genus; C. insignis, n. sp.; Xenetus regalts, n. sp.; 
X. scutellatus, n. sp.; Rhinocaspis, new genus; R. Van Duzeii, n. sp.; 
Mimoceps, new genus; MW. insignis, n. sp.; M. gracilis, n. sp.; Macroty- 
lus regalis, n. sp.; M. tristis, n. sp.; M. vestitus, n. sp. 


IcONES ORNITHOPTERORUM.—A Monograph of the Rhopalocerous 
Genus Ornithoptera, pt. 2. This contains figures, descriptions, etc., of O. 
vichmondia, O. Plateni and Brookeana. We regret to see this subgenus 
cut up into subgenera. When in time we have a genus for every species 
we can conveniently drop generic names. 


Tue ENTOMOLOGIST, London, July, 1890.—COoLEOPTERA Collected by 
Mr. Pratt on the Upper Yang-Tsze, and on the borders of Tibet, by H. 
W. Bates. Descriptions of new species of PHyTOPHAGOUS COLEOPTERA 
received from Chang-Yang, China, by Martin Jacoby. Contributiozis to 
the Chemistry of Insect Colors, by F. H. Perry Coste. Two days’ col- 
lecting in Normandy, by John Henry Leech. Contributions to the Ento- 
mology of the Portsmouth District, by W. T. Pearce. A successful Moth- 
trap, by W. M. Christy. Entomological Notes, Captures, etc. Doings 
of Societies. . 


BULLETIN OF THE OHIO acu LTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION, vol. i, 
No. 1, 1889.—Preparatory Stages of the 20-spotted Lady bird. Studies in 
Pond Life. rst, On the Life-history of Arzama obliguata; 2d, On the 
Life-history of Chauliodes rastricornis; 3d; On the Life-history of Zistro- 
notus latiusculus; 4th, On the Feeding-habits of Zaitha fluminea,; 5th, 
On the Feeding-habits of Notonecta undulata; 6th, On Aquatic Leaf beetle 
(Donacia subtilis); 7th, An Aquatic Lady-bird (Hippodamia 13-punctata); 
8th, On the Eggs of the Giant Water Bugs (Belostoma americanum and 
Benacus griseus). A Partial Bibliography of Insects Affecting Clover, by 
Clarence M. Weed. = 

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SocIETY oF LONDON, pt. 4, 1889.— 
On new Indian Leprporprera, chiefly HETEROCERA, by Col. C. Swinhoe. 
On the LeprpopTera of Japan and Corea.—Part 3, HETEROCERA, Sect. 
2, Noctues and Deltoides, by J. H. Leech. 


114 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [September, 


TRANSACTIONS, PROCEEDINGS AND REPORT OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
OF SouTH AUSTRALIA, vol. xii, for 1888-89. Description of a new genus 
and species (Hectoria pontoni) of Locustide, by J. G. O. Tepper. Further 
Notes on Australian COLEOPTERA, with descriptions of New Species, by 
Rev. T. Blackburn. 

ENTOMOLOGISCHE NACHRICHTEN, Vol. xvi, 10, May, 1890.—Studies on 
Ichneumonidez,* by Dr. Kriechbaumer; /schnogaster n. gen. 


NATURALISTE CANADIEN, May, 1890.—HEMIPTERA-HOMOPTERA of 
Quebec; Fam. Tettigonidz, with 1 plate and Additions and Corrections; 
Deltocephalus superbus, D. chlamidatus, Thyphlocyba unica n. sp. 


NATURALISTE CANADIEN, June, 1890, gives a list of insects from the 
Madeleine Isles, including the following new species: Avax maritimus 
(no description), /chneumon magdalensis, Glypta tricincta, Eubadizon 
bastlare. 


CompTES-RENDUS DES SEANCES DE LA SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE 
BELGIQUE, April 5, 1890.—Ethiopian Rhynchota,* by W. L. Distant. 
Sandehana n. gen. 

ComPTE RENDU, SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE BELGIQUE, June 7, 1890. 
—Aenictus-Typhlatta, discovered by M. Wroughton, New Genera of 
Formicide,* by A. Forel. New genera: Huberia (type striata Smith), 
Triglyphothrix (type T. Walshi n. sp.), Trigonogaster (type T. recurvi- 
spinosus n. sp.), Emeryia (type £. Wroughtonii n. sp.), Ophthalmopone 
{type O. Berthoudi n. sp.). The new species are from India and South 
Africa. 


SPECIES DES HYMENOPTERES D’EUROPE ET D’ALGERIE, E. André, 
36e fascicule, July 1, 1890, pp. 493-572, of vol. iv, 4 pls. Treats of the 
genera Microplitis, Microgaster, Elasmosoma and Agathis. 

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE (Hague), xxxii, 3d Afl., 1889.—The 
Spiral muscle and the vesicle of the palpi of male spiders, by A. W. M. 
Van Hasselt, 2 plates. Systematic and Synonymic Catalogue of the Neu- 
roptcra observed in the Low Countries and their borders, by H. Albarda. 
Some notes on Cidaria and other Lepidoptera, by P. C. T. Snellen. 

ANNALES DE SCIENCES NATURELLES, 58e Annee, Vile Serie, ix, 1.— 
Memoir on the venom and sting of the Bee, by Dr. G. Carlet, 1 pl. Zo- 
ological and anatomical monograph of the genus Prosopistoma Latr., by 
A. Vayssiere, 1 plate. 

ARCHIV FUR MIKROSKOPISCHE ANATOMIE xxxv, heft 2,—The Develop- 
ment of the Wall Bee (Chaliicodoma muraria Fabr.) in the Egg, by J. 
Carriere, 2 plates. 


MEMOIRES DE LA SOCIETE ROYALE DES SCIENCES DE LIEGE, Series 2, 
xvi, April 1890.—Alphabetical Repertory of the specific names admitted 
or proposed in the subfamily Libellulinz, with bibliographic, iconographic 
and geographic references, by A. P. de Borre. 


* Contains new species other than North American. 


1890.] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 115 


A New MEtuop of rearing the Silk Worm (Boméya mori L.) on a 
herbaceous plant, by Dr. C. O. Harz, Stuttgart, 1890. The plant is Scor- 
zonera hispanica L. 


Doings of Societies. 


PHILADELPHIA, MAy 22, 1890.—A regular meeting of the Entomological 
Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences was held at the Hall S. W. 


cor. 19th and Race Streets. Meeting called to order at 8.20 o’clock. Mr. 


Martindale in the chair. Members present: Ridings, Cresson and Skinner. 
Associates: Calvert, Fox, Westcott, Seeber, Castle and Welles. Mr. 
Calvert stated that he had recently caught a male specimen of Axomat- 
agrion hastatum Say, for which species he had been on the lookout for 
three Summers. It can readily be distinguished from all others by the 
anomalous shape of the pterostigma of the anterior wing, which is also 
separated from the anterior margin. The specimen was caught in Dela- 
ware County, Pa. Mr. Seeber exhibited specimens of the rare and pretty 
beetle, Buprestis ultramarina, which he had found near Red Bank, N. J.; 


also a specimen of Belostoma americanum. Mr. Martindale called at- 


tention to some cocoons of Cadlosomia promethia, which were found on 
Wild Cherry, and which were peculiar and interesting on account of their 
very small size. The cocoons had disclosed a pair of moths which were 
about one-third smaller than normal specimens. He discussed their pos- 
sible relation to angulifera, and the full sized form of the species. Mr. 
Welles spoke of the habits of allied species in regard to the spinning of 
cocoons. Dr. Skinner described a caterpillar (unknown species) collected 
by Mrs. J. P. Ballard, at Easton, Pa. Mr. Blake thought it might be 
Ceratomia amyntor. 

JUNE 9, 1890.—Meeting called to order at 8.30 o’clock. Director Dr. G. 


-H. Horn presiding. Members present: Martindale, Laurent, Ridings and 


Skinner. Associates: Calvert, Liebeck, Fox, Castle and Haimbach. The 
reports of the joint publication and the executive committees were read 
and received. The committee reported favorably on papers Nos. 237 and 


es 238. Donations to the Library were read. Verbal communications being 
in order, Dr. Horn stated that he had lately been engaged on a study of 


the EucNemMin of Mexico and southward, the results of which were to 
be published in the *‘ Biologia Centrali Americana.’* They are very rare, 
and usually but few species represented in collections. Being so rare and 
difficult to study, very few have attempted it. He remarked, in addition, 
that he had twenty-four types of Bonvouloir and all but three or four of 
the forty-two species known, which latter number would probably be 
doubled. The meeting adjourned to meet on the fourth Thursday in 
September. 
HENRY SKINNER, 
Recorder. 


116 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [September, 


ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON.—April 3, 1890. Mr.’ B. 
E. Fernow was elected an active member of the Society. 

Mr. Fox read a paper on a small group of spiders forming the subgenus 
Ceratinella of the genus Zrigone. The subgenus includes about seven- 
teen species distinguished by the presence of a shield on the abdomen. 
All the specimens were collected east of the Alleghenies by Messrs. Marx 
and Fox, and were found fully developed at all seasons of the year. The 
paper was illustrated with drawings, and a.collection of the spiders was. 
shown. Discussion followed by Messrs. Marx and Fox. 

Mr. Schwarz read a paper entitled ‘* Labeling Specimens,”’ in which he 
described the systems of labeling employed in the case of entomological 
collections, dealing particularly with the systematic collection of the spe- 
cialist. The various labels employed were described, and examples of 
some of them were shown. The paper called forth considerable discussion, 
which was participated in by Messrs. Riley, Mann, Schwarz, Marx and 
Fox. 

May 1, 1890.—The committee havitig i in charge the preparation for pub- 
lication s* a list of the insect fauna of the District of Columbia, made a 
partial report, which was discussed at length. 

The name of Mr. Townsend was added to the sub-committee on Dip- 
tera, and that of Mr. Marlatt to the sub-committee on Hymenoptera. 

A revision of the sub-committees will be made at the next meeting. 

Mr. Townsend read a list of eighty-seven species of Heteroptera col- 
lected by him in southern Michigan, with some brief notes and dates of 
occurrence. One species, Corimelena nitiduloides Wolff, was taken in 
anest of Formica schaufusst Mayr. 

Mr. Townsend also presented a paper on ‘“‘ Some Insects affecting cer- 
tain Forest Trees, mostly from Michigan,” recording towards a hundred 
Coleoptera and a few of other orders, affecting either the foliage or the 
sound or decaying trunks of Oak, Hickory, Elm, Beech, Linden, Butter- 
nut, Ironwood ( Carpinus), Willow, Hazel, etc. 

These papers were discussed by Messrs. Schwarz and Riley. 

Mr. Dodge read a paper on Artificial Silk, describing the Count de 
Chardonnet’s method as exhibited at the late Paris Exposition of making 
from cellulose a substance closely resembling silk. A detailed account 
of the process of manufacture was given and illustrated with a figure of 
the device for producing the thread, and a sample of the silk was ex- 
hibited. 

Discussions followed by Messrs. Philip Walker,. Riley, Amory, Austin 
and others. 

Mr. Marx presented some “‘ Arachnological notes,” in which he discussed 
the comparative anatomy of the spinning glands of spiders. The relation 
of those to the external spinning organs or spinnerets, and the importance 
of both in classification were explained. Careful drawings of the parts 
discussed were shown. C. L. MARLATT, 

Recording Secretary. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL News for June was mailed May 27, 1890. 


—-Ae 


ele ol we, O48 BAS, 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 


AND 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION, 


ACADEMY NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. 


VOL. I. ~ OCTOBER, 1890. No. 8. 
CONTENTS: 

Bunker—Some experiences in Larve Martindale—A new form of Cabinet...... 126 

Rearing... aious' (E12 Blake—Collecting in Pennsylvania.. ..... 127 

PP: Cc: Lapieiieaney ‘Entomology. Eegeens 119 | INGEOS ANd NWS icevicccesesscsavavestSeccsssoscees 128 

Goding—A new Apple Pest... sereeeee 123, | Entomological Literature........c0ssse-+++ 131 


Ballard—What can it be?..-.---.-.0+-+-+- 124 | Doings of SocietieS.crsseesersersseeseseeese 135 


SOME EXPERIENCES IN LARVZ REARING. 


BY ROBERT BUNKER. 


(Continued from page rro, vol. i.) 


Occasionally we find a rare larva that has been stung by some 
saucy ichneumon fly, and if we can save it in the manner de- 
scribed on page 109, it will certainly-be a great gain. Of course 
it must be done within a few days after the young worms have 
entered the body of their host, or it will be of no use. The in- 
ference to be drawn from this kind of treatment is that the chlo- 
roform penetrated the body of the larva and destroyed the young 
parasites, but was not in sufficient quantity to injure the larva. 

Can the pupa of Darapsa versicolor remain under water two 
weeks without injury? The past two years I have bred this fine 
species from eggs found on the button bush (Cephalanthus occi- 
dentalis) and last year’s catch of eggs was a surprise to me, be- 
cause the low ground where the bushes grow was submerged for 
two weeks, and of course the pupa must have been under water 
that length of time, and yet when the proper time came around 
I found eggs. Some may say the eggs may have been laid by 
females that came from a distance, but that could hardly be, as 
the nearest bushes are six miles distant. Mr. Hulst has written 


8 


118 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. _ [October, 


up the life-history of this species, so I will only add that the larva 
vary from a maroon-brown to a light green, are very domestic in 
their habits and extremely interesting. Darapsa chlerilus dif- 
fers from the foregoing in depositing its eggs. They are some- 
times laid singly and sometimes ex-masse, I once found twenty- 
two in a cluster on the Azalea (Azalea nudifiora). 

Smerinthus myops varies principally in the number and color 
of the sub-dorsal spots; some have eight, four on each side, some 
six, more often four, and not unfrequently two, and one specimen, 
a regular unique, had but one spot, and that was situated on the 
right side of third segment. But the climax of all was a brood 
of nine I raised two years ago, which were destitute of spots. I 
examined them very carefully, and not a vestige of a spot could 
be seen. These immaculate specimens were light green without 
the bluish tinge characteristic of most of them. The diagonal 
lateral lines were very indistinct. When this unique group came 
‘ out winged flies I found the sexes about equally divided, and was 
in hopes to get a pairing and thereby ascertain whether the larva 
would inherit the characteristics of their progenitors, but I failed. 
Another characteristic of all I have bred so far is the spots were 
cardinal or shumach-red, instead of rust-red. 

In most cases the larvee of a species varies far more than the 
imago, but in Smerinthus geminatus the reverse seems to be the 
order of things, and no doubt the food-plant has something to 
do with it; the eggs are found on willow and on poplar. The 
eggs found on poplar are larger than those found on willow; the 
imago is proportionally larger, the shading much deeper; and on 
the whole a much finer insect than the willow feeders. 


Many more instances of marked varieties might be mentioned, 


but this paper is now longer than was at first intended, and I will 
close by a few remarks on the larva of Smerinthus astylus. Last 
Summer, after four hours’ search on the high bush huckleberry 
( Vaccinium corymbosum) \ found a young worm, half an inch long, 
of a bright green color. It moulted three times, but supposing 
the species had been described, I did not make a description of 
it till after the last moult, which runs as follows: 

Larva bright green, 234 inch. long, 34 inch. diameter, uniform 
in size, with seven, oblique, lateral, red lines, margined with yellow 
on the under side; caudal horn black, base greenish yellow, nearly 
straight and smooth. Head with a pea-green stripe on the side; 
under side below the stigmatal spots sea-green, thickly studded 


1890. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 119 


with very small, blue-black rings, extending the entire length of 
the body, and covering the upper as well as the lower part of the 
thorax; spiracles red. 

It will be seen by the foregoing that my description differs very 
materially from that of Mr. Jones, and is either a marked variety 
or a distinct species. 


fa’ 
Vv 


ELEMENTARY ENTOMOLOGY. 


Fourth Paper—THE MovaBLeE Parts OF THE HEAD. 


The antennz or feelers, are jointed appendages inserted on the 
epicranium between or in front of the eyes. Regudar antenne 
have the joints of similar shape; zrregu/ar antenne have the 
joints of dissimilar shape; intermediate forms of antenne of 
course occur. Technical names are applied to the different forms 
of antenne. Of regular antennz the more common forms are: 

_ Filiform (thread like), having the joints of uniform thickness, 
or nearly so. 

_ Setiform or setaceous (bristle like), having the joints succes- 
sively more and more slender from the base* of the antenna to 
its apex. 

Subulate (awl shaped), similar to setaceous, but the transition 
from the thick basal joints to the slender joints is more abrupt. 

Moniliform (necklace like) having the joints globular. 

Serrate (saw like), having the joints triangular, arranged like 
the teeth of a saw. 

Pectinate (comb like), each joint having a long process or pro- 
jection on one side, the whole arranged like the teeth of a comb 

(fig. 2). 

Pinnate (feather like), each joint having one 
or more projections on each of two opposite 
sides, the whole looking like a feather. 

Of irregular antennz, the more common are: 

Clavate (club shaped), having the apical joints 
somewhat more enlarged than the others. 

ea rast oe Capitate (with a head, knobbed), having the 
Pegtinatcantenns terminal (apical) joints greatly enlarged to form 


iodes pectini- 
cornis L.). 4 a knob. 


* The base of any limb or appendage is that part by which it is attached, directiy or 
indirectly, to the trunk, the apex is the opposite end, farthest from the trunk. 


120 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ October, 


Lamellate (plate like), having the terminal joints extended on 
one side into broad plates (figs. 3 and 


4). 
An irregular 
antenna may 
often be divi- 


Fig.3. Alamel- Fig.4. Alam- ded into por- 
lateantenna(/P/eo- ellate antenna ,:; 
coma Rickseckeri (Pleocoma hir- tions of a va- 
Horn, male). ticollis Horn, rying number  Fig.s5. An irregular antenna 


female). of joints. In of a Hymenopter. 
: ; a, scape, followed by a small 
such an antenna as that shown in fig. 5 joint—the pedicel; 4, clavola, 


the first or basal joint is the scape, the °f ten joints. 
second joint is the pedicel, all the remaining joints compose the 
clavola or flagellum. The clavola may itself consist of several 
portions (fig. 6); its apical joints may be enlarged to form the 
club; its proximal* joints may be very short and small, and are 
_ then termed rving-joints; between the 
_ ring-joints and the club is the funzcle. 
The mouth parts or “vophi, differ 
to a very great extent in the various 
groups of insects, so much so that — 
, Fabricius, the celebrated entomolo- 
as amd Ror eon gist of the last century, founded his 
joints; d, funicle of five joints; e, Classification of insects almost entirely 
iit ii ¢ together, form the Gn the modifications of the Zvophi. ' 
These modifications result from the 
nature of the food. Many insects living on liquids, such as the 
nectar and honey of flowers, suck up those liquids through a 
tube or proboscis. Others, feeding on animal or vegetable solids 
require hard cutting parts to tear those solids in pieces. 

But however much these modifications existing in different 
insects may differ from each other, there is one general, typical 
form and arrangement of the mouth parts, to which all the modi- 
fications may be referred. This typical arrangement is as follows: 

The mouth opening is situated between the front edges of the 
clypeus above and the gula below. Attached to the lower (front) 
part of the clypeus is the /abrum or upper lip (¢, fig. 17; @, fig. 7). 
To the fore part of the gula is attached the /adzwm or lower lip 


* Proximal in treating of a limb or appendage refers to parts or joints nearest to the 
trunk as distinguished from dista/, farthest from the trunk. 
+ Page 104 of this volume of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws. 


1890. ] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL . NEWS. I2I 


(e, fig. 7). Between the labrum and the labium are two pairs of 


Fig. 7. Typical arrangement of mouth parts. 
Under side of head of Tiger-beetle (Cicinde/a). 

a, gula; 4, 4, gene; c, c, compound eyes; d, front 
margin of labrum; ¢, ¢,-e, labium; 7, mandible, 
showing four teeth; g, four-jointed maxillary pal- 
pus ; 2, two-jointed galea ; 7, lacinia ; 4, four-jointed 
labial palpus; g, Zand /, are all parts of the maxilla. 


jaws whose normal move- 
ment is horizontal, not 
vertical, as in the back- 
boned animals. The up- 
per (dorsal) pair—nearest 
to the labrum—are the 
mandibles (d, fig. 1; f, fig. 
7), the lower (ventral) 
pair are the maxille (g, 
A, 2, fig. 7). 

Such a typical arrange- 
ment exists in the biting 
insects, asin beetles, crick- 
ets, grasshoppers, etc., 
and is shown in fig. 7. 


The labrum usually consists of a single median piece, hinged 
by its hind or upper edge to the'clypeus, by which it may some- 


times be concealed. 


Fig. 8. Ventral side of 


left maxilla of Tiger- 


beetle (Cicindela). 

a, cardo; 4, stipes; c, 
palpifer ; d, four-jointed 
maxillary palpus; e, sub- 
_ : i two-jointed ga- 

ea; g, lacinia; 4, digitus. 
The suture between the 
nap ort and the lacinia 
is obliterated. The fig- 
ure gives the galea the 
appearance of being at- 
tached to the stipes ; its 
real attachment is to the 
subgalea, as stated in 
the text. 


Next below the labrum are the mandibles. 
Usually they are one-jointed, and have a cut- 
ting edge on the inner side. This cutting 
edge may either be entire, z.e., unbroken, or 
toothed. | 

On the ventral side of the mandibles are 
the maxillz, which are usually very compli- 
cated. Each maxilla (fig. 8) consists of a 
number of joints. The basal joint is the cardo 
or hinge, the second is the s#ifes or footstalk. 
The palpifer, or palpus-bearer, is a joint situ- 
ated on the outer side of the stipes; as its 
name indicates, it bears a conspicuous one- to 
six-jointed palp—the maxillary palpus. On 
the inner side of the stipes is another joint, 
the swbgalea, or helmet-bearer. The subgalea 
bears two joints, the galea, or helmet, and 
the /acinia, or blade. The galea and lacinia 
are each directly attached to the subgalea. 
The galea is also called the outer, upper, or 


superior lobe of the maxilla, while the lacinia is the zzner, or zn- 


Serior lobe of the maxilla. 


The lacinia ‘‘is the cutting or chew- 


122 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [October, 


ing part of the maxilla and is often furnished with teeth or spines;”’ 
sometimes it bears a terminal joint—the digztus. As often hap- 
pens in the case of other appendages, the sutures separating con- 
tiguous joints of the maxilla become obliterated and the joints 
unite. In such cases the maxilla appears to be composed of a 
less number of joints than here described. Careful comparative 
study alone will show where such obliterations and unions have 
taken place in any one insect. 

Unlike the labrum, the labium, or lower lip, is quite complex. 
It so much resembles the maxillz as to have received the name 
of second maxille. The labium is to 
be regarded as a pair of appendages 
united to each other on the middle 
line of the body. A comparison of 
fig. 8 with the right side of fig. 9, 
will show the correspondence between 
a maxilla and half the labium, the 
homologous parts being lettered alike 
in the two figures. The basal joint 


Fig. 9. Ventral side of labium of 


Black Cricket (Gryd/us). 

a, submentum ; 4, 4, mentum; c¢, 
palpiger; @, three-jointed labial pal- 
pus; e, (unnamed, = subgalea); /, 
two-jointed paraglossa; g, glossa. 
The parts of the labium are here 
marked with the same letters as the 
corresponding parts in fig. 8. The 
mentum is one piece, but there is a 
line across it. The glossz are not 
two-jointed, as the figure might 
seem to show, what looks like a 
terminal joint isa thin, membranous 
portion. The suture between each 
palpiger and mentum obliterated. 


_of the labium is the suémentum, which 


articulates with the gula; it is a single 
median piece and corresponds to the 
united cardos of the right and left 
maxilla. The second joint, also a 
single median piece is the mentum,* 
corresponding to the united stipes of 
the right and left maxilla. At each 
outer apical angle of the mentum is 
the palpiger, the homologue of the 
palpifer. The palpiger bears the /a- 


bial palpus, whose similarity to the maxillary palpus cannot be 
mistaken. The joint marked ¢ in fig. 9 is apparently unnamed; 


it corresponds to the subgalea, and bears two lobes, an inner (g) 


the g/ossa, and an outer (/) the parag/ossa, corresponding to the 
lacinia and galea respectively. Excepting the submentum, men- 
tum and labial palpi, all the remaining parts of the labium con- 
stitute the igw/a. Few insects have the joints of the labium so 
distinct as the Black Cricket (fig. 9). Thus in the labium of the 


* Some confusion exists‘as to the use of the term mentum. By some it is applied to the 
part described above as the submentum, in which case that described above as the mentum 
receives the name of hyoglottis. We have followed Comstock and Packard in the text. 


By fens 


1890. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 123 


Tiger beetle (¢, e, e, fig. 7) the sharp pointed middle piece (marked 
by.the middle ¢) appears to represent the united glossze and para- 
glossz, if nothing more. _ , 

It is necessary to warn the student that great variation exists in 
different entomological writings, as to the names applied to the 
parts of the labium. The nomenclature which is here given is 
% that of Comstock, with very slight modifications; it seems based 
7 on sound homologies with the parts of the maxille. 

‘% _ Within the cavity of the mouth may be two other organs, the 
epipharynx and the hypopharynx. The epipharynx is attached 
to the inner surface of the labrum, the hypopharynx to the inner 
surface of the labium; ‘‘both are rarely developed in the same 
insect. .. . The form and position of the hypopharynx’’ re- 
semble ‘‘those of the tongue of higher animals. On this ac- 
count it has been named the /xgua, or tongue. But as both of 
these terms have been applied to the glossa* it is best to desig- 
nate this part as the hypopharynx, and to avoid the use of the 
terms lingua and tongue, as liable to be ambiguous (Comstock).”’ 

The foregoing description of the mouth parts is of that referred 
to above as the typical arrangement, and to be found in biting in- 
sects. In various modifications existing in sucking insects, some 
of the mouth parts may be represented only by bristles, or united 
to form a sheath. eee, C: 


Tal 


A NEW APPLE PEST. 


BY F. W. GODING, M.D., PH. D. 


_ Empoasca birdii n. sp.—Seen from above long ovate, bright yellow, va- 
rying to green; abdomen deeper yellow and attenuated at the extremity. 
Head length of pronotum, obtusely rounded in front and convex; eyes 
purple-black; ocelli nearer the eyes than each other; three pale bands 
passing along the occiput, one at the centre and one at the edge on each 
- side along border of the eyes. Pronotum one and a half times length of 
scutellum, its posterior border straight, front arched; three large, pale 
spots on front edge, the mesial one being continuous with the correspond- 
ing band on the occiput. Scutellum large, triangular, depressed, having 
a pale green, broad band on posterior part; apex and base yellow, a dark 
spot occupying the disc. Abdominal joints gradually decreasing in size; 
pure yellow. Elytra slightly smoky, with a darker band passing across 
the centre. Wings hyaline and iridescent, in the former the terminal vein 
is at the margin, while in the latter has a membranous margin; lower part 


* When the two glosse alone are united into one median piece, this piece is often called 
the glossa. 


o 


124 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [October, 


of tibize and all of tarsi indigo-blue; femora with a row of strong spines. 
One specimen with all colors much deepened, and some minor differences, 
may prove to be distinct. Length about 2mm.; 3 mm. to end of hemilyta; 
breadth one-third the length. 

Described from many specimens. Taken in Illinois from leaves 
of apple, hop, walnut, bean, and some weeds. I regret to add 
another to the long list of apple pests, but I am compelled to do 
so from observations repeated during two seasons. The speci- 
mens were taken from May until after heavy frosts. Their inju- 


ries to the apple leaves were plainly to be seen, the leaves being ~ 


discolored wherever a puncture had been made. An account of 
its injuries appears in the Lacon. (Illinois) ‘‘ Fruit Grower’’ vol. 
i, p. 132, July, 1890. 

I take pleasure in dedicating this beautiful little species to my 
highly esteemed friend, Miss Emma Bird, who has greatly aided 
me in entomological work for several years. 


fa’ 
Vv 


WHAT CAN IT BE? 


BY MRS. JULIA P. BALLARD, 
Easton, Pa. 


On the 12th of September, 1889, a large ‘‘ mulberry’’ colored 
caterpillar was given to me. Its food-plant was not known. It 
was very strong and very snappish. There were two pairs of 
spined horns, one pair on the third and one on the fourth ring, 


and a strong sharp-pointed spined horn at the end. His whole 


length was marked by diagonal lines of the same mulberry color, 
but of a darker shade. These radiated from the central line down 
his back just like the veinings of a leaf. He was fully three in- 


ches in length, quite as large as the caterpillar of the Royal Dryo- — 


campa (C. vegalis). No food offered him proved satisfactory. 
He resented the slightest disturbance with a sudden, quick mo- 
tion, jerking about as if in a fury of passion, but kept quite still 
if not disturbed. I at once recognized him as the same kind of 
caterpillar I once secured nearly ten years ago. 

‘‘T saw an immense caterpillar, as I was coming up the hill, 
fully three if not four inches long,’’ said a friend coming in one 
hot June day. 

‘‘ Why didn’t you bring him along?’’ was the quick response. 

‘*T had no box, and I dare not touch him.”’ 

Seeing me don my hat and take up a pencil and parasol, said: 
**You will not find him; he’ll be sure to have gotten away,”’ 


- 1890. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 125 


was the not too encouraging remark. But, with the exact lo- 
cality given (which chanced to be a large stone horse-block at a 
gentleman’s residence, some distance away, and which of course 
could suggest no food-plant for his meals), I started—and to re- 
ward faith and perseverance—he was found on the identical block, 
captured safely, although snappish at disturbance, and after being 
secured in his box prison was tempted by every imaginable kind 
of leaf to be obtained from garden or wood. Nothing would he 
touch, and of course he soon died without a sign. Had he then 
been placed upon earth he would probably have ‘‘ gone down’”’ 
and become a chrysalis in his own way. At any rate, acting on 
this thought, the one secured last September was placed on a box 


of earth and was soon lost to sight, going down on the next day 


(September 13th). On September 18th, rolling back the earth, 
I found a fine large chrysalis with an unusual tinge of red in the 


brown. The rings were formed by two or three narrow and some- 


what constricted rings; the chrysalis was broadest in the middle, 
and tapering to asharp point at the end. The head has a pinched 
look and markings, which, as hasty dashes, give the effect of a 
face, two eye dashes and a horizon mouth line. From that day 
of September until now (April 13, 1890) he has lain so still that, 
but for an occasional tremor and a very occasional jerk when 
slightly touched, one would have said there was surely no life 
there. But he has moved to-day, and now all one can do by way 
of satisfying his curiosity is to wait a development, which cannot 
be far off. A line hinting of a crack down the centre of the front 
of the head shows where the chrysalis will break, and it is exactly 
like that of the Imperial Dryocampa (LZ. imperialis). 

On April 21st the chrysalis responded to raps upon the box 
every time (and for the first time) as I have often had the Poly- 


-phemus chrysalis do by a rapid movement of the end of its body 
_ which shows me it is nearing the time of its change to the imago. 


Through all the past months it has lain as still as if dead, with a 
very occasional exception of a slight movement when touched. 


Ordinarily it made no response to this, and tried one’s faith as 


to any latent life as much as the chrysalis of the Royal Walnut 
(C. regalis) does. 


NotE.—It was suggested that this might be Ceratomia amyntor, 
the four-horned sphinx, but Mrs. Ballard has reared amyntor, and 
the unknown cannot be it.— Eb. 


126 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [October, 


A NEW FORM OF CABINET FOR BUTTERFLIES. 


BY ISAAC C. MARTINDALE, 


Having just had completed a new cabinet, which gives such 
good satisfaction, I am prompted to acquaint the readers of the 
NEws with the manner of its construction, and its many advan- 
tages, as it is the best form I have yet seen for easy examination, 
study, or comparison of specimens. The case is of Walnut, and 
is made in two sections (thus being more portable), one fitting 
on top of the other, the upper having sixteen drawers and the 
lower one twenty-four, each drawer being 24 inches wide by 20 
inches deep, and of sufficient height to admit of the use of any 


ordinary pin. Each drawer has also its separate compartment, 


this I have found much better than where they slide on runners; 
the drawers being all interchangeable, admit of any change of 
location, which so often is found necessary where one’s collection 
is constantly receiving new accessions. 

The especial feature is the drawer itself, which, instead of hav- 
ing a cork bottom as is usually the case, has both the top and 


bottom of glass; the top part of the drawer frame fits tightly over: 


a ledge one inch in height, effectually preventing the intrusion of 
destructive insects, the pest of the entomologist, but it is readily 
lifted when it is desirable to add to the contents, or change the 
location of the specimens. For the inside arrangement I have 
taken a strip of common tin, one inch wide, and turned up each 
side five-sixteenths of an inch, thus leaving three-eighths of an 
inch for the bottom, the length of the strip of tin being about 
two inches longer than the width of the drawer admits of each 
end being turned up one inch; into this tin trough is tightly fitted 
a cork strip three-eighths of an inch square, the whole being 
covered with white paper, such as is usually used for lining 
drawers, conceals the inequalities of the cork, and makes a fine 
finish; they should be made to fit neatly in the drawer, and can 
be readily moved about to suit large or small specimens; for Zy- 
cenas, Pamphilas, etc., as many as fifteen of these strips may be 
used in one drawer, and as few as five for Worphos, Caligos, etc. 
The upturned ends are fastened in place by using the ordinary 
thumb tacks that can be-procured at any stationer’s; the frame 
work of the drawers should be of White Pine; well seasoned; 
into this the thumb tacks are readily inserted and as easily with- 
drawn when a change in the position of the cork strips is needed. 


1890. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 127 


The superiority of this form of case for butterflies will be readily 
perceived, as the upper and under surface of the wings can be 
seen by simply turning the drawer without touching the insect, 
and there is no danger of breaking or injuring specimens. The 
cost of the case is no greater than if made in the old style. 


ral 
Vv 


COLLECTING IN THE WILDS OF PENNSYLVANIA. 


BY CHARLES A. BLAKE. 


During the latter part of last July, being up in Tioga County 
and having a day to spare, I concluded to try that section ento- 
mologically, so, early in the morning, got my traps together and 
found a zative who agreed to take me in his buggy, in which we 
rode to a wild spot not far from Niles Valley, and about the 
roughest ride I ever experienced. We halted close to a deep © 
ravine which looked promising, and climbing down among the 
rocks, which here are of gigantic proportions, began my survey. 
The rock formation I thought belonged to the Laurentian group, 
but not being geologist enough to determine that point with cer- 
tainty, mentioned it to Prof. Heilprin on my return, who soon 
satisfied me that my speculations were wrong. 

Passing through the ravine I came upon a beautiful little ais. 
which the before-mentioned native said was called Martin dale, on 
account of the vast number of swallows that congregate there, 
and from appearances should judge it was a paradise for the 
botanist. At the northern end there was a small sheet of water 
called Chué Lake, where I captured several species of hymenop- 
tera among the watercress on the shore. Not far from the edge 
of the water I noticed a snake-skin nervously twitching, and on 
investigating matters, found it contained several specimens of 
_ Necrophorus americana, Silpha americana and a species of Der- 


_ mestes, which I bottled. Among the débris on the shore was a 


curious specimen of Xyloryctes satyrus, in which the hor was 
curved forward, but I unfortunately lost it. 

In a dense wood on the opposite side of the lake there were 
ant hills and ants enough to satisfy even Dr. McCook had he been 
there. While examining the trees for Catocale five or six species 
occurred, among them C. relicta. In this wood I noticed a large 
number of Libellulide, apparently flying around a bluejay nesting 
in a tall Pzve tree, and I nearly dislocated my cervical vertebrze 


128 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ October, 


looking up to see what all the commotion was about. The jay 
appeared greatly agitated by the insects, and kept up a constant 
flutter and chatting. As it appears a wed/ established fact that the 
bluejay is not a strictly insectivorous bird, I could not account for 
its actions. Thinking to drive her from the nest I threw a stone 
at it, missed of course, but brought down a mass of yellow fungus 
that was full of Megalodacne heros, several of which I bottled. 

In the neighborhood of the lake I captured specimens of Van- 
essa milberti, Feniseca tarquinius, Grapta J-album and Alypia 
octomaculata. I have never seen birds so abundant as they were 
in this valley, one I s/ew zs a Chordeiles virginianus, the night- 
hawk, the skin of which is now in my collection. The craw was 
literally stuffed with coleoptera, showing it was a better collector 
than myself. 

As I had had a good day’s collecting we took to our buggy 
again; after riding some distance a bolt broke, on account of the 
nice road spoken of above, and for a moment it looked as though 
I should lose the result of my trip, but we fortunately found a 
smith who soon put us in good shape, so that I arrived home in 
time for supper, and quite satisfied with my success. 


Notes and News. 
ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL sp ts oy 


OF THE GLOBE. 


[The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News solicit, and will thankfully receive items 
of news, likely to interest its readers, from any source. The author’s name will be given 
in each case for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] 


In the future all papers received for publication in the News will be 
printed according to date of reception. 


PAMPHILA AARONI was found in abundance at Cape May last month by 
Mr. Witmer Stone. C. eubule was also found. 


SoMETIMES at least a quart of mosquitos could have been gathered from 
under each electric light on Congress Hall porch, Cape May, N. J. 

PoMPILUS ZTHIOPS Cress., was seen at Westville, N. J., carrying away a 
species of 7rochosa which it had evidently just captured and killed, as 
_ the spider was bright and perfect. Wasp and spider were both bottled, 


A NATURALIST observes, admiringly, ‘‘ There is a butterfly, one of the 
world’s 12,000 species, the tiny eye of which contains 17,000 facets. ” This 
will explain to small boys why the butterfly is such an expert in dodging 
a hat. d 


1890. | ; ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 129 


Prof. E. W. Doran recently resigned the office of State Entomologist 
of Tennessee, which he had held for five years, having recently removed 
to Missouri. During his incumbency he furnished two reports and a cata- 
logue of the insects of the State. Dr. F. W. GopInc. 


Mr. W. H. AsHMeEap intended to sail for Europe on September 3d, 
steamer ‘‘ Munchen,”’ to be abroad two years. He hoped to visit the large 
collections of the continent and pay especial attention to parasitic Hy- 
MENOPTERA; also expected to visit Italy and make some studies on orange 
insects. 


I LATELY reared seven specimens of the larve of Zerias nicippe to the 
chrysalis state. Five of the chrysalids were of the normal green color, 
and two were black. Mr. Scudder calls attention to the same occurrence 
in his book on the ‘‘ Butterflies of the Eastern United States.’’ His speci- 
mens disclosed the normal form of fly. H. SKINNER. 


Tue last of the MSS. for part 1 of the new “‘ Handbook of the Destruc- 
tive Insects of Victoria’ with 13 colored plates has been handed to the 
government printer, and the work was to have been completed by the end 
of July. The prospectus has just been issued of a new book entitled, ‘‘ A 
Manual of New Zealand Entomology,”’ by Mr. Geo. Vernon Hudson, 
Fellow of the Entomological Society of London, of Wellington, New 
Zealand. The work will consist of about 150 pages, and will cotain 20- 
colored plates, illustrating over 100 species of typical New Zealand insects. 


Mr. C. W. JOHNSON took a specimen of Neonympha Mitchellii at Dover, 
Morris Co., N. J. It agrees exactly with specimens of Mitched/ii in the 
collection of the American Entomological Society received from Prof. 
Mitchell. NV. Mitchellii was described by Prof. French in the Canadian 
Entomologist for February, 1889, p. 25. The types came from Cass Co., 
Michigan, and were found in upland dry meadows. The country around 
Dover, N. J., is rocky and hilly. It seems remarkable that this species 
has not been noticed before if it is at all plentiful, and also more remark- 
able that the first additional locality should be so far away from the origi- 
nal. Mr. Johnson’s specimen was caught July to, 1890. H. SKINNER. 


I was pleased to read in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws the article about bait- 
ing insects with sugar, molasses, or other sweets. I have followed the 
advice given in the Lepidopterist’s Calendar, London, 1875. It is to mix 
two tablespoonfuls of new rum with one pint of molasses. The rum gives 
flavor, and is, I suppose, more diffusible than saccharine matter alone, 
and will no doubt serve as a night-cap to RHOPALOCERA, and as an eye- 
opener to HeTEROCERA. You will notice many LEpmpoprTerRa feeding 
on over-ripe fruit in which vinous fermentation has commenced. During 
this process much alcohol and cenanthic ether is given off, attracting but- 
terflies, etc. Under fruit trees, with the ground covered with decaying 
cherries, mulberries, pears, etc., you will find many, such as Limenitis, 
Papilio, Grapta and others, and to me it seems that they resort to fruit-- 
bearing trees and bushes for their “‘toddy.”’ Dr. RICHARD KUNZE. 


130 ENTOMOLOIGCAL NEWS. [ October, 


COLIAS PHILODICE, var. a/ba.—I notice that the foot-note on p. 93, vol. 
I, states that if the genitalia of my white phi/odice were examined it would 
probably be found to be a female. This I will venture to say was done 
the day it was captured, and it is a male without a doubt. I have forty 
specimens of C. philodice in my collection, including some very rare forms, 
but this white male seems the oddest of all. One pair (females) are of a 
pale lemon-yellow, and in some respects resemble the Swedish males of 
C. paleno; also yellow females without the submarginal rows of yellow 
spots on the upper side. Some females that are suffused with black and 
on the under side have a smoky-orange cast. Among the males I have a 
specimen that has the black border very narrow on the primaries and 
almost obsolete on the secondaries; this I think is var. azthyale of Hiib. 
This latter form I generally take among the Spring brood when I also find . 
the very small specimens which seldom appear later in the season. 
Gro. A. EHRMAN. 


WHILE walking along the edge of a mountain stream I was surprised 
to see one of these butterflies (Papilio macleyanus) alight close to the 
water, into which it backed till the whole of the body and the lower part 
of the hind wings were submerged, the two forelegs alone retaining their 
hold of the dry land. After remaining in this position for something like 
half a minute it flew away, apparently refreshed. During the morning I 
noticed quite a number doing the same thing. In one instance no less 
than four were to be seen within a space of not more three yards, and to 
make sure that I was not deceived I captured several as they rose from 
the water, and found in each case the body and lower edge of the hind 
wings quite wet. While in the water the fluttering of the wings, so notice- 
able at other times, was suspended, and so intent were the butterflies in 
the enjoyment of their cold bath that they would hardly move, even when 
actually touched by the net. Apparently the heat of the weather drove 
them down to the water, as immediately they emerged they flew up again 
to the hillsides (GEo. LYELL, in the ‘‘ Victorian Naturalist’ for June, ’90). 


Identification of Insects (Imagos) for Subscribers. 


Specimens will be named under the following conditions: rst, The number of speci- 
mens to be limited to twelve (12) for each sending; 2d, The sender to pay all expenses of 
transportation and the insects to become the property of the American Entomological 
Society ; 3d, Each specimen must have a number attached so that the identification may 
be announced accordingly. Such identifications as can be given will be published, accord- 
ing to number, in the issues of the News. Address packages to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws, 
Academy Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. ; 

EUGENE R. FISCHER.—1, Catocala amatrix; 2, Cybister fimbriolatus; 
3, Ligyrus relictus; 4, Argiope cophinaria; 5, Spilosoma virginica; 6, 
Lygus pratensis; 7, Lopidea medea?; 8, Scarites substriatus. 

W. M. Hiti_.—1, Tetraopes tetraophthalmus; 2, Silpha inequalis; 3, 
Attelabus analis; 4, Geotrupes Balyi; 5, Trichius piger; 6, Canthon 
levis; 7, Calopteron reticulatum; 8, Lachnosterna gibbosa; 9, Epicauta 
cinerea; 10, Epicauta strigosa; 11, Dineutes sp.? 


‘al = + — ae 


a 


1890. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. ; 131 


Entomological Literature. 


SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE EXPERIMENT STATION KANSAS 
STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, p. 206. Some Insects Inj. to the Bean. 


JOURNAL OF THE AsIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, vol. lvili, pt. 2, Suppl. 
No. 1.—Catalogue of the Insecta of the Oriental region, No. 1. Order 
CoLEopTERA, Family CicinDELID&, by E. T. Atkinson. Catalogue of 
Insecta 2. Order RHYNcCHOTA, Sub-order HEMIPTERA-HETEROPTERA. 
Family Capsip#, by E. T. Atkinson, with bibliographical table, etc., 174 
pp. This is an important paper to American students, as it includes the 
species of the world, vol. lviii, pt. 2, No. 4, 1889. On Certain Lycenidze 
from Lower Tenasserim, by William Doherty, Cincinnati, U. S. A., pp. 
31, pl. 1» A number of new species are described. 


ZEITSCHRIFT FUR WISSENSCHAFTLICHE ZOOLOGIE xlix, heft 4, 1890.— 


_ The eye of Caterpillars and Phryganid larvee, by O. Pankrath, 2 plates. 


ZOOLOGISCHER ANZEIGER, 19 May and 2 June, 1890.—Analytical Chem- 
ical Researches on living caterpillars, pupze and butterflies, and on their 
secretions, by F. Urech. 


Tue VicToriAN NATURALIST June, 1890.—Some Notes on the Trans- 
formations of Australian LEPIDOPTERA, by Hy. Edwards. 


TRANSACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE NEw ZEALAND INSTITUTE, 
vol. xxii, 1889.—Further notes on Coccididz, with descriptions of new 
species from Australia, Fiji and New Zealand, by W. M. Maskell. On 
some species of Psyllidz in New Zealand, by W. M. Maskell. On some 
Aleurodidz from New Zealand and Fiji, by W. M. Maskell. An ento- 
mological tour on the table-land of Mt. Arthur, by G. V. Hudson. £7vis- 
talis tenax and Musca vomitoria in New Zealand, by G. V. Hudson: 
Descriptions of New Zealand LEpipopTERA, by E. Meyrick. Notes ona 
collection of Pselaphaidz from the neighborhood of Clevedon, southern 
Wairoa, by Capt. T. Brown. Description of a new species of Argiope 
from Fiji, by A. T. Urquhart. On two species of Aranea new to science 
from the Jenolan Caves, New South Wales, by A. T. Urquhart. Descrip- 
tion of new species of Araneidze, by A. T. Urquhart. Description of new 
species of New Zealand Aranez with notes on their habits, by P. Goyen. 
On the occurrence of the Black Vine-weevil (Otiorhynchus sulcatus) in 
Nelson, by R. I. Kingsley. 


JopRNAL OF THE BomBay NATURAL History Society, vol. v, No. 1.— 


The Butterflies of the Central Provinces, by J. A. B. A Preliminary List 


of the Butterflies of Mysore, by E. Y. Watson. Notes on Indian Ants, by 
George Alexander. J. Rothney. vol. v, No. 2. Description. of a new 
Morphid Butterfly from Northeastern India, by Lionel de Niceville. But- 
terflies of the Central Provinces, by J. A. Betham (continued). 


132 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. . [October, 


A MONOGRAPH OF ORIENTAL CICADID&, by W. L. Distant. Part 3, 
pp. 49-72. With two plates. June, 1890. Contains descriptions and fig- 
ures of species of Cosmopsaltria and Pomponis. 


THE VICTORIAN NATURALIST, July, 1890.—Notes on the Geographical 
Distribution of some Australian Buprestidz, Pt. 1, by C. French. 


CATALOGUE OF INSECTS FOUND IN NEw JERSEY, by John B. Smith. 
From the Final Report of the State Geologist, vol. 11. This makes a 
large volume of 486 pages and covers all the orders. The catalogue has 
been compiled from all available sources, and names of species not actu- 
ally recorded from the State, but supposed to be found there are inserted. 
It is an open question whether this should have been done; 6098 species 
are listed, Coleoptera coming first, with 2227; Lepidoptera next, with 1140, 
and Hymenoptera third, with 1074. The other orders have comparatively 
fewer species recorded, not because they do not exist in the State, but 
because they have not received the attention they deserve from entomolo- 
gists. The list can’t fail to be useful to both the field worker and the 
systematist. 


CONTRIBUTION TOWARD A MONOGRAPH OF THE INSECTS OF THE LE- 
PIDOPTEROUS FAMILY NOCTUID2 OF TEMPERATE NORTH AMERICA.— 
Revision of the species of the genus Agrotis, by John B. Smith. The 
above is Bulletin No. 38, United States National Museum, 231 pages, 5 
plates, 83 figures. The old genus Agrotis is divided into sixteen genera 
and many of these subdivided into convenient groups. Descriptions of 
the species with habitat and notes are given and a number of new ones 
described. 


BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA. Part 86, June, 1890.—Arachnida- 
Acaridea, by Otto Stoll (pl. xv, CoLEOPTERA, vol. ii, pt. 1, by D. Sharp 
(pl. 10), vol. iv, pt. 2, by G. C. Champion (pp. 161-184); vol. vi, pt. sup- 
plement, by M. Jacoby (pp. 185-200); HYMENOPTERA, vol. ii, by P. Cam- 
eron (pp. 89-96, pl. 6); LEPIDOPTERA-HETEROCERA, Vol. i, by H. Druce 
(417-424); DipTerRA, vol. ii, by F. M. van der Wulp (pp. 145-176, pl. 4). 


THE CoLors OF ANIMALS, THEIR MEANING AND USE, ESPECIALLY 
CONSIDERED IN THE CASE OF INSECTS, by Edward Bagnall Poulton, M.A., 
F.R.S. International Scientific Series, by D. Appleton & Co., New York, 
339 pages, illustrated. This is a very interesting work to the entomologist, 
and should be in every library. Some of the subjects treated are the 
Physical Cause of Animal Colors, Protective Resemblance, Dimorphism, 
Warning Colors, Protective Mimicry, Sexual Coloring, etc. 


AMERICAN SPIDERS AND THEIR SPINNING-WORK.—A Natural History 


of the Orbweaving Spiders of the United States with Special Regard to | 


their Industry and Habits, by Henry C. McCook, D.D., vol. ii. This fine 
volume is handsomely illustrated with five colored plates and 4or cuts, 
and consists of 469 pages. Dr. McCook is to be congratulated on this. 
grand addition to spider literature. 


1890. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 133 


Tue Entomovoaist, September, 1890.—Additions to the British List 
of Deltoids. Pyralides and Crambi, since 1859 (with plates), by Richard 
South. Notes on some species of Gall-gnats (Cecidomyiz), by T. D. A. 
Cockerell. Contributions to the Chemistry of Insect Colors, by T. H. 
Perry Coste. An addition to the Plusiidz of Britain, by R. South. Five 


- Days’ Collecting in Normandy, by J. H. Leech. Entomological Notes, 


Captures, etc. Doings of Societies. 


SeEcOoND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA EXPERIMENT 
Stations for 1889. Ten pages are devoted to Entomology, by Ellison 
A. Smyth, Jr., botanist and entomologist. 


VERHANDLUNGEN DER K. K. ZOOL.-BOT. GESELLSCHAFT IN WIEN, xl, 
2 Quartal, June, 1890. On the connecting links between the orthorraphic 
and cyclorrhaphic DipTERA and those between Syrphide and Muscarie, 


_by Dr. Fr. Brauer. On Lorrainian Gall Flies,* by J. J. Kieffer. Explana- 


tion of J. C. Savigny’s plates of Orthoptera in the ‘‘Description de 
Egypte,” by Dr. H. Krauss. On the adaptation of the colors of butter- 
flies and caterpillars to their surroundings, and on the character of the 
Lepidopterous fauna of the Kilima-Ndjaro district in East Africa, by A. 
Rogenhiofer, etc. 


CompT. RENDU. SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE BELGIQUE, July 5, 1890. 
—Causeries Odonatologiques, by E. de Selys-Longchamps; reviews Dr. 
Hagen’ s recent synopses of Ca/opterya and Anaz, with a note on some 
of the American Mecistogasters. A new type of underground Prionid, 
by A. Lameere; Geoprionus n. gens, type G. syntheticus n. sp., Rio Brazil. 


VERHANDLUNGEN DES NATURFORSCHENDEN VEREINES IN BRUNN, 
xxvii, 1888 (Briinn, 188c).—The Lepidoptera of the Achal-Tekke Dis- 
trict, by H. Th. Christoph; a bibliographical and geographical list of the 
species from this district of Turkestan. Identification of the European 
CoLEorTeRA. Family Phalacridze,* by C. Flach, x pl. An entomological 
excursion from Briinn to the borders of Transylvania in June, 1888, by Dr. 
A. Fleischer, with a list of Coleoptera* then collected. Coleopterolog- 
ical Results (of the expedition in Transcaspia in 1886 and 1887, conducted 
by Dr. G. Radde, Dr. A. Walter and A. Konchin) by E. Reitter;* Aicro- 
julistus, Colposcythis, Anidania, Adoxinia, new genera. 

Le Natur-IsTE (Paris), Aug. 1 and other numbers, 1890. New lepid- 
optera from Ecuador are described by P. Dognin. 


ANATOMISCHER ANZEIGER, July 19, 1890.—Is the Ommatidium a Hair- 
bearing sense Bud? by William Patten. 


BULLETIN DE LA SOCIETE PHILOMATHIQUE DE Paris, 8e serie, ii, 1890. 
Note on the lyriform organs of Arachnids. Note on the anatomical struc- 
ture of the pecten of scorpions ‘and the coxal raguettes of the Galeodz. 
Note on the movement of the limbs and jointed hairs in the Arthropoda, 
by P. Gaubert. 


* Contains new species other than North American. 
g* 


134 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [October, 


JAHRESHEFTE DES VEREINS FUR VATERLANDISCHE NATURKUNDE IN 
WorRTEMBERG, xlvi, 1890.—The fly Teichomyza fusca Marx., and The 
odor-producing apparatus in butterflies, by Dr. E. Hofmann. 


DEUTSCHE ENTOMOLOGISCHE ZEITUNG, 1890, heft 1.—Contains papers 
on the CoLEopTERA, describing many new species, but none from North 
America, except Veturius sinuatocollis Kuwert, Costa Rica. Some of the 
chief papers are some new Passalide A. Kuwert (Paailloides n. gen.). 
New analytical synopsis of the genus Omoplus E. Reitter (Omophiina, 
FHleliosthrema n. gen.). Analytical revision of the genus Amphicoma E. 
Reitter. New Coleoptera from Europa, the bordering countries and 
Siberia, with remarks on known species, by E. Reitter, etc. 


REVUE BIOLOGIQUE pu NorD DE LA FRANCE, August, 1890. —Notes on 
the Thysanoura, iii. On some new, or little known et collected at 
Croisic, by R. Moniez. 


ATTI DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI SCIENZE NATURALI, xxxii, Milan, 
1889.—Study on the structure and function of the organs adhering to rane 
tarsi of Coleoptera, by P. Paolo, 4 plates. 


CoMPTE RENDU. SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE BELGIQUE, Aug. 2, 1890. 
—On the unity of origin of the Arthropod Type, by A. Lameere. 


ZOOLOGISCHER ANZEIGER, Aug. 4, 1890.—On the developmental history 
of Platygaster instricator L. ( femorator Dalm.) by N. Kulagin. 


ZOOLOGISCHE JAHRBUCHER, V, heft 2, 1890.—General Biology of Butter- 
flies, by Dr. A. Seitz; the first part only is published now, and treats of 
the geographical distribution of butterflies and their dependence on cli- 
matic influences. Contribution to the knowledge of the West African 
Orthoptera,* by Dr. H. Krauss, 1 pl. 


CoOMPTE RENDU. CONGRES INTERNATIONAL DE ZOOLOGIE A PARIS, 
1889-1890.—On the artificial importation of parasites and natural enemies 
of noxious insects in vegetation, by C. V. Riley. : 

ACTES DE LA SOCIETE LINNEENNE DE BORDEAUX, xlii.—Study on the 
species of Avicularidz which inhabit the north of Africa.* Revision of 
the Avicularide of the republic of Ecuador.* Descriptions of new Af 
rican species of the family Avicularidz,* by E. Simon. A number of new 
genera are characterized in these three papers. 


BULLETIN DE LA SOCIETE D’ ETUDES SCIENTIFIQUES D’ANGERS. New 
series, xviii. Catalogue of the CoLEorTERA of Maine-et-Loire, 2d part, 
by M. Gallois. R 


NOUVELLES ARCHIVES DU MUSEUM D’ HISTOIRE NATURELLE, 3d series, 
i, fasc. 1-17, 18-36. Paris, 1889. Researches on the insects of Patagonia, 
collected by the In. expedition sent to observe the transit of Venus at 
Santa Cruz, Patagonia, in 1882, by E. Lebrun, L. Fairmaire and P. ben 
Includes the Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, 3 plates. 


* Contains new species other than North American. 


+ 


1890. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 135 


SocrETE p’HISTOIRE NATURELLE DE TOULOUSE, xxiii, 1889.—Materials 
gontributing to the entomological —_ of the south of France—Hemip- 
tera, by M. Marquet. 


“TERMESZETRAJZI FUZETEK (Budapest), xiii, 1890.—Contributions to the 
distributions of Galls, with particular Pee to the neighborhood of 
Budapest, v, Szepligeti. 


- ZoOOLoGIscHER ANZEIGER, Aug. 18, 1890.—On the hermaphroditic func- 
tion of the Sexual Glands of the male of Phyllodromia (Blatta L.) ger- 
manica, by R. Heymons. 


-ENTOMOLOGISCHE NACHRICHTEN, xvi, No. 14, July, 1890.—On Dimor- 


| phism and Mimicry in Butterflies, by L. Glaser. 


No. 15, August, 1890. —-New species of hae by A. Schletterer, mostly 
from Chili. 

No. 16, August, 1890.—Three papers on the Coleopterous genus Athous 
and its allies,* by E. Reitter. Z/athous n. gen. 


Doings of Societies. 


THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, June 5, 1890.—Mr. 
Ashmead, under general notes, announced the discovery of a genus of 
Proctotrupidz new to the United States. The insect phitrache/us amer- 
icanus is interesting as furnishing a connecting form between the sub- 
families Ceraphroninz and Platygasterine. 

Mr. Schwarz exhibited a specimen of 7hroscus pugnaz, which species 
is new to the fauna of the District. —— 

Prof. Riley presented a paper ‘‘ On the Difficulty of dealing with Lach- 
nosterna,”’ in which he described the attacks of those beetles on certain 
large trees, especially Chestnut and Swamp Oak, having a height of about 
thirty feet which had been transplanted to his grounds last February. The 
successive appearance and work of the several species of Lachnosterna 
were described and the experiments with remedies detailed. The latter 
consisted in spraying with strong whale oil and tobacco soap solution, and 
later with London Purple at the rates of one pound to 125 gallons of water. 
The applications were satisfactorily made, but proved ineffective. The 
first did not prevent the attacks of the beetles at all, and while the second 
resulted in the poisoning of many of the beetles as indicated. by the find- 
ing of dead ones on the ground, it was of little value in limiting the on- 
slaught. Prof. Riley deduced from his experiments that it was practically 
impossible to protect large trees from Lachnosterna. It was shown also 
that the beetles came from the ground near the trees, and appear to have 
a predilection for newly transplanted trees. The injury consisted in the 
gnawing off of the leaves at the base of the petiole. 


* Contains new species other than North American. 


136 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [October, 


The paper was discussed by Messrs. Fernow, Riley, Schwarz, Howard . 


and Mann. 

In a paper entitled ‘‘ Notes on Xyleborus,’’ Mr. Schwarz commented 
upon the discovery of a wild food-plant of Xy/eborus dispar ( pyri). This 
Scolytid had been found quite recently in the vicinity boring and oviposit- 
ing in young shoots of Liviodendron tulipiferum. (In the same branches 
another species, X. sachygraphus, was discovered, and Mr. Schwarz ex- 
hibited and described its galleries. Discussion followed by Messrs. Riley, 
Schwarz, Ashmead and Fernow. 

Mr. Howard read a paper entitled, ‘‘ The Habits of Eurytoma,”’ in which 
he called attention to the fact that heretofore the generally-surmised para- 
sitic habit of the members of this genus had never been conclusively 
shown; and the close relationship of Aurytoma with the Phytophagic 
genus Jsosoma would lead to the inference that the former might be, in 
part at least, inquilines and not true parasites. The tollowing of a certain 
species from the larval stage to the pupal, in which they were at once 
recognized as a species of Hurytoma,* settled in one instance at least the 
question of larval habit. An Oak gall, Gynips Quercus-prunus, was found, 
on cutting it open May 17th, to contain six full grown parasitic larvee, af- 
terwards determined as given above, and the remains of a larva which 
they had nearly devoured. 

The paper was discussed by Messrs. Riley, Howard and Ashmead. 


C. L. MARLaATT, 
Recording Secretary. 


DESCRIPTION OF THE LARVA OF GORTYNA NITELA GUEN. AND ITS 
VARIETY NEBRIS.—Length full grown 1% inches. Uniform pale honey- 
yellow. Head dark honey-yellow, shining, bearing a few scattered, erect 
hairs. Mouth parts and a small spot on cheeks castaneous. Dorsal sur- 
face of second segment pale brown, shining, shaded laterally with blackish 
brown. Feet and stigmata black; segments three to eleven each with 
four brownish gray spots on the dorsum, the anterior larger and closer 
together than the posterior; each spot bearing a single erect hair; the 
twelfth segment having four quadrate spots of the same color, larger than 
the rest. A brownish gray spot just behind each stigma. Posterior seg- 
ment slightly rugose, dark honey-yellow, margined with brownish black; 
bases of anal prolegs pale brown. Feeds in the stems of the great rag 
weed (Ambrosia trifida) and burdock (Arctium lappa). The larve went 
down July 3oth, and the imagos emerged August 28th. 

Two broods raised this season by my friend, P. Stephens, Montgomery 
County, exhibit both forms about evenly divided.—C. A. B. 


* The imagos obtained later proved to be Zurytoma prunicola Walsh. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL News for September was mailed August 28, 1890. 


= 


ea 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 


) PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION, 


ACADEMY NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. 


VoL. 1. _ NOVEMBER, 1890. No. 9. 


CONTENTS: 
Fox—Aculeate Hymenopteta.............++ 137 | Notes and News 145 
Gillette—Oviposition of Anomalon....... 139 | Entomological Literature................000 147 
P. P. C.—Elementary Entomology....... 140 | Doings of Societies............secserssecseseeees 150 


Hamilton—Entomology at Longport. .- 142 
Beutenmuller—Preparatory stages of 
Datana Contracta.........cccecseeeretecee 144 


Three new species of Aculeate Hymenoptera. 


BY WILLIAM J. FOX. 


Sphex (Isodontia) macrocephalus n. sp. 


9 .—Black; head large, subquadrate, covered with long, erect, 
black hairs, sparsely punctured, more closely so on the face and 
clypeus; clypeus carinated; labrum and mandibles smooth and 
shining, the former rounded in front, with a slight pit on each 
side of the slight carina anteriorly. Thorax finely punctured, 
covered with long, erect, black hairs; disc with a distinct im- 
pressed line, extending from base to centre, scutellum not closely 
punctured; tegulz smooth, impunctured; legs shining, posterior 
surface of hind tibize with sericeous pile. Wings blue-black, 
shining, the marginal cell with the tip obtuse, the third submar- 
ginal rounded at tip. Petiole finely, but not closely punctured; 
with long, erect hairs ; the remaining segments of the abdomen 
smooth, shining, with a few scattered, punctured beneath, and 
last segment with a few scattered hairs. Length .80 inch. 


One specimen. Collected in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, 
Pa., during 1889. 


138 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. _[November, 


Miscophus americanus n. sp. 

?.—Black; face, cheeks and thorax covered with silvery pile, 
very dense on the clypeus and sides of the thorax; head wider 
than the thorax, very finely and closely punctured, a distinct lon- 
gitudinal impressed line, extending from lower ocellus almost to 
base of clypeus; clypeus divided into three parts, the latter 
rounded in front, the central part largest; thorax very finely 
punctured; the tegulz slightly brownish, impunctured; meta- 
thorax with slightly heavier punctures, with a well defined, raised, 
central line extending from base to apex; legs sparsely covered 


with silvery pile, more dense on the tarsi; wings hyaline, the an- 


terior pair with a darker apical margin iridescent; marginal cell 
rounded beneath, acuminate at tip, the second recurrent nervure 
received by the second submarginal cell near its apex; abdomen 
smooth and shining, very finely punctured, the apical margins 
of the first to fourth segment above with silvery pile, more dense 
laterally, beneath, the second and third segments with sparse, 
sericeous pile, more obvious on the posterior margins, venter 
with a few long, black hairs. Length .18 inch. 
One specimen. Camden County, N. J., July 29, 1890. 


This is the first species of this genus known to occur in North 


America, and should be placed in the Larride, after the genus 
Pison. It can be distinguished by possessing only two submar- 
* ginal cells. 


? Photopsis Cressoni n. sp. 


% .—Black; clothed with long, erect, pale hair; head finely 
punctured; thorax distinctly punctured, much more strongly and 
deeper on the dorsulum and scutellum; metathorax with very 
large, deep punctures; subtruncate behind; wing's fuscous, nearly 
hyaline at base, iridescent in certain lights, first recurrent nervure 
received by the second submarginal cell, between its base and 
middle, subcostal nervure incurved, so that it touches the costal 
nervure; nervures and stigma black, the latter and the costal and 
subcostal nervures very much so; abdomen shining, finely, but 
not closely punctured, the second segment contracted at apex, 
beneath the second segment is deeply punctured, the third to 
seventh ventral segments almost entirely smooth, polished. 
Length .25 inch. 

One specimen, Camden County, N. J., Sept. 9, 1890. 


1890. | ENTOMOLOGICAL, NEWS. 139 


, ae Ses 


This species is, I believe, the first known to have been captured 
in the eastern United States, and can be at once distinguished by 
its entirely black color. It belongs to Blake’s Division II, hav- 
ing two submarginal cells, and the first segment of abdomen 
being nearly sessile with the second. 

It gives me great pleasure to dedicate this species to Mr. E. 
T. Cresson, whose labors have done much to advance the study 
of the North American Hymenoptera. 


ray 


OVIPOSITION OF ANOMALON sp.* 


BY C. P. GILLETTE. 


While passing an apple tree on August 18th, last, on which 
; were a brood of Datana ministra larve about*one-third grown, 
my attention was attracted by the presence of a large hymenop- 
terous parasite busily ovipositing in their soff bodies, and, ap- 
parently, much to their discomfort. The parasite was a large 
black Anomalon sp. not in my col- 
lection, unless, possibly, it is a va- 

riety of A. pallitarse Cress. It dif- 

fers from Cresson’s description of 

this species by having its middle and 

hind pairs of legs black, and its face, antenne and front pair of 

legs entirely yellow. 

___ This parasite was so intent upon her work that she did not 
leave when I pulled the limb down close to my face so that I could 
distinctly watch operations. The entire brood of larve were ap- 
__ parently alarmed and were striking their heads violently from side 
to side to frighten away their enemy. The parasite stood upon 
_ a leaf in easy reach of a number of her victims watching their 
| ~ movements, and, as soon as one became quiet enough, she would 
quickly thrust it with her sharp ovipositor. The manner in 
_ which this was done was what especially interested me. I had 
_ supposed that these parasites would stand upon or above their 
victims and thrust down upon them, but such was not her man- 
ner. I was reminded of one who fences, and, with a quick thrust 
straight in front, pierces his combatant. This insect stood upon 
her two back pairs of legs, the front pair not being put to any 


te 


# * Read before the Iowa Academy of Science, at Des Moines, Sept. 5, 1890. 


140 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ November, 


use. The long abdomen was bent under the thorax and between 
the legs, and the thrusts were made straight in front of the face. 
As the abdomen was brought forward the short ovipositor pointed 
straight in front like the index finger. See illustration. 

The larve when pierced did not drop to the ground, but threw 
their heads higher in the air and ejected a dark colored liquid. 
So far as I saw but one egg was deposited in each. 


ny 
VU 


ELEMENTARY ENTOMOLOGY. 


Fifth Paper.—THE THORAX, THE LEGs, 


The second region of an insect’s. (imago’s) body is the thorax. 
To it are usually attached three pairs of legs and two pairs of 
wings. It is composed of three segments. The first segment, 
articulating with the occiput in front, is the prothorax, which 
bears the first pair of legs. The second segment is the mesothorax, 
bearing the second pair of legs and the first pair of wings. The 
third segment is the mefathorax, bearing the third pair of legs 
and the second pair of wings. 

Typically, each segment of the thorax consists primarily of 
four parts, a dorsal part (¢ergum or nofum), a ventral part (ster- 
nunc), and on each side, between the tergum and the sternum, a 
pleurum.* 

The prefixes pro-, meso- and meta- are used before notum and 
sternum to denote the notum and sternum of the prothorax, 
mesothorax and metathorax respectively. 

‘The tergum of each thoracic segment is composed typically 
of four sclerites. These are arranged in a linear series. They 
are named, beginning with the first or most cephalic, Arescutum, 
scutum, scutellum and post-scutellum. In the prothorax the su- 
tures between these four sclerites are in many cases obsolete, the 
pronotum appearing to be composed of a single sclerite. In 
beetles and bugs the scutellum of the mesothorax is usually quite 
conspicuous, appearing as a more or less nearly triangular piece 
between the first pair of wings at their base. Most entomological 


* Tergum, sternum and pleurum, with their adjectives tergal, sternal and pleural are 
sometimes used to denote respectively the dorsal, ventral and lateral parts of the entire 
body of an insect. In such cases the terms ¢ergite, sternite and pleurite, are applied to the 
dorsal, ventral and lateral parts of each segment. 


a a 


1890. | 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 


I4I 


writers refer to this sclerite as ¢he scutellum. Of the four sclerites 


a/b/C/a 


@ : 
SAN 

Fig. 10. Diagram of a thoracic 
segment (after Comstock). 

@, prescutum; 4, scutum; c, 
scutellum ; d, post scutellum; e, 
episternum ; % epimeron ; g, par- 
apteron ; 27, sternum; a, 4, cand d, 
taken together form the tergum; 
e, f and g, taken together form 


which compose the tergal portion of 
each thoracic segment, the scutum is 
usually the largest; the scutellum is the 
second in importance ; while the pre- 
scutum and the post-scutellum are fre- 
quently but little developed’’ (Comstock) 

The sternum consists of but one 
sclerite. 

The sclerites of the pleurum are the 
episternum and the epimeron, and some- 
times a third, the parapieron. Their 
position is shown in fig. 10. The par- 


the pleurum. 


and the wings. 


_ Fig. 11. Leg of an 
a, coxa; 4, trochanter; 
¢, femur; d, tibia; ¢, 
- tibial spurs ; 7, tarsus of 
five joints; g, tarsal 
nails. 


or unguicult. 


apteron in different groups of insects 
has also been called the fegula, scapula 


and patagium. The thoracic spiracles* pierce a small piece of 
the pleurum called the Jerztreme. 
Attached to the thorax are the organs of locomotion—the legs 


The leg, or the foot of an insect, as it is indifferently called, 
consists of five parts, the coxa, trochanter, femur, tibia and tarsus. 
The: coxa, or hip joint, is the basal part, and is attached to its 


thoracic segment near the lateral border of 
the stérnum, sometimes so firmly as to be im- 
movable. A smail sclerite is sometimes found 
between the coxa and the epimeron, called 
the ¢rochantin. The trochanter is between 
the coxa and the femur, or thigh. The fourth 
part is the tibia, or shank, and the terminal or 
fifth part is the tarsus, consisting of from one 
to six joints. Usually the leg of an insect is 
armed with spines, or clothed with hairs. 
The spines at the apex of the tibia are usually 
longer than the others, and receive the dis- 
tinctive name of “bial spines, or tibial spurs. 


The last joint of the tarsus bears one or two farsal claws, nails, 
On the ventral surface of the joints of the tarsus 
are often ‘cushions of short hair or of membrane, capable of 


* See page 71 of this volume of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 


142 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ November, 


inflation, or concave plates, which act so as to produce a vacuum 
and thus enable the insect to walk on the lower surface of objects 
(Comstock).’’ These cushions are termed pu/villi, or onychit. 
The pulvillus of the last joint very often projects so as to appear 
between the tarsal claws; it is he pulvillus. When, as sometimes 
is the case, the last tarsal joint has two pulvilli, one under each 
claw, there may be between them a third piece of similar structure 
—the empodium. 

The first pair of legs is directed forwards, the other two pairs 
backwards. The first pair of legs is sometimes aborted, in which 
case the second pair is directed forwards. 

The true, or thoracic legs, may or may not exist in the larva. 
When they do exist they are jointed. False, or abdominal legs, 
are found both in larve and imagos, and will be referred to in 
treating of the abdomen. ie ye 


ENTOMOLOGY AT LONGPORT, N. J. 


BY JOHN HAMILTON, M.D. 


Longport is on the southern end of the island on which Atlantic 
City is situate, from which it is distant about six miles. This 
part of the island is narrow, and the space between the ocean and 
the bay is a succession of sandhills without any extensive salt 
marshes. The sides of many of these dunes and intervening 
depressions support an interesting flora, much of which is strictly 
maritime, and blooms during this month, attracting several spe- 
cies of Lepidoptera and many beautiful Hymenoptera. The 
native species of Coleoptera are few in comparison with the num- 
ber on Brigantine Beach, where there are extensive salt meadows, 
and where I could have taken two hundred or more species with 
no more labor than was expended in collecting the forty-seven at 
Longport. The species not formerly taken at Brigantine, for 
which see Smith’s Catalogue of the Insects of New Jersey—were 
Cicindela marginata Fab., which was somewhat abundant among 
the sand-hills with vepanda and hirticollis; two forms of Cercyon 
occurring together in great numbers in and under decaying sea- 
grass deposited on sandy places by the bay tide, one of which, 
on comparison with Swedish specimens, seems to be C. Littorale 
Gyll., and the other apparently only differing by having the apex 


1890. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS... 143 


of the elytra pale; Xantholinus pusillus Sachse, which greatly re- 
sembles an undescribed maritime species from Florida, but which, 
like emmesus, has only five punctures in the dorsal series of the 
thorax; and Geotrupes Horni Blanch., dug from holes under 
mushrooms on the main land. Several examples of Euphoria 
areata Fab. were taken on the wing among the sand-hills on the 
gth, roth and 11th, but none afterward. 

The Lepidoptera and Orthoptera are the same as on Brigantine, 
but here seems to be a metropolis of the larger aculeate Hymen- 
optera—Apide, Andrenidz, Vespide, Sphecide, etc., but not 
having studied this order much, I know few of the species. In- 
spired with a sudden interest by reason of their great variety, 
activity and beauty, I collected them one sunny afternoon, and 
found I had twenty-seven species from one-half to two inches in 
length—a beautiful collection. Stung? Of. course I got stung; 
in fact, I was stung, I think, at least once by every species col- 
lected, but the fascination of capturing such. charming creatures 
is so great one does not greatly mind this after the first three or 
four stings, as the sensibility of the thumb and finger of the hand 
used in transferring them from the net to the bottle becomes 
greatly obtused. The sensation produced by the sting of each 
species is mostly appreciatively different, so much so, that with a 
little experimenting, without seeing them, their differentiation 
might not be difficult. The sting of such species as use this 
organ merely defensively causes simply pain in varying degrees, 
while that of such as use it in addition in the capture of prey, 
produces, after the momentary pain of the thrust, a numbness 
more or less paralizing to the hand, and often lasting a whole 
day. To this class belongs the beautiful Mztzlla occidentalis, 
whose sting is near half an inch in length, and the feeling it causes 
so painful and persistently benumbing that, I confess, I would not 
care to come in contact with it at close intervals. 

Unlike the honey bee, these insects never leave a sting in the 
wound, and the same individual can use this weapon any desired 
number of times, an accomplishment that might be of some prac- 
tical use in case stinging should be adopted as a remedial meas- 
ure in Legitimate Medicine, as is quite possible. The honey bee 
has often been used by empirics with good results, it is claimed, 
in the treatment of rheumatism, neuralgia, forms of local paraly- 
sis and various diseases, and cases have lately been reported in 


144 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ November, 


medical journals by legitimate practitioners to the same effect, 
but the honey bee might not be the most efficacious; in fact, each 
species may be possessed of a different potentiality and better 
adapted to the treatment of one disease than to that of another, 
which might be readily determined by a little empirical experi- 
menting, and quite probably the greatest remedial virtues would 
be found in the species producing numb and paralyzing effects. 

Treatment of this kind can best be conducted in a hospital, and 
as Hymenoptera of the most desirable species are abundant in. 
many places on the coast and easily cultivated, the establishment 
there of an enkentric sanitarium is not a future improbability, 
and in connection with pure ocean air, hot or cold sea-water 
baths and other adjuvants, could scarcely be else than meritori- 
ously popular. 


a 
VU 


DESCRIPTION OF THE PREPARATORY STAGES 
OF DATANA CONTRACTA Walker. 


BY WM. BEUTENMULLER. 


EcGc.—Same as that of Datana ministra Dr. Laid in masses 
of twenty-five to fifty, on the underside of leaf. 

YounG Larva.—I have made no record of this stage. 

AFTER First Mou.t.—Head jet-black, shining, as is also the 
cervical shield. Body brown, with four very pale yellow stripes 
along each side and three beneath. Abdominal legs dull orange 
with darker bands. Thoracic feet and anal clasps and plates jet- 
black. . 

AFTER SECOND MouLt.—Appearance yellow. Head same as 
in the previous moult. Body more reddish brown, also the cer- 
vical shield. The stripes are comparatively broad, the space 
between being somewhat narrower. The feet are also reddish 
brown, also the tips of the abdominal legs. 

AFTER THIRD MouLt.—Head and cervical shield jet-black, 
shining. Body color pitchy brown, covered sparsely with sordid 
white hairs. The stripes are now sordid white and equidistant, 
and as broad as the intervening spaces, except the dorsal space, 
which is the widest. Body beneath concolorous to the above, 
with the three stripes much narrower than the intervening spaces. 
On the 4th, 5th, roth and 11th segments are two reddish brown 


18go. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 145 


patches. Abdominal legs reddish brown with black corneous 
bands. Thoracic feet and anal clasp jet-black. Length 30 mm. 

AFTER FourtH Mou.tt—WMature Larva.—The cervical shield 
now becomes orange-yellow and the stripes creamy-white, other- 
wise the same as in the previous stage. Length when full grown 
55 mm. . 

Foop PLANTS.—Various species of: Oaks (Quercus) Chestnut 
( Castania) and Hickory (Hickoria). Single brooded. 


‘Notes and News. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS 
OF THE GLOBE. 


[The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News solicit, and will thankfully receive items 


. of news, likely to interest its readers, from any source. The author’s name will be given 


in each case for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] 


In the future all papers received for publication in the News will be 
printed according to date of reception. 


NOTICE,—Those who wish to continue their subscriptions to Ento- 
mological News for the coming year, will please indicate their desire 
to the Treasurer (see second page of cover) before January rst, next. 
The price will be the ssame—One Dollar. We hope to make volume 
2 even better than 1, and trust that our readers will do what they can to 
help us do so.—Eb. : 


Tue following four species of Pompilide were captured in the act of 
carrying off spiders during the last season, viz.: Pompilus ethiops Cr., 
biguttatus Fab., marginatus Say, Priocnemis pomilius Cr.—W. J. Fox. 


WE have received from Mr. Wiley, of Miles City, Mont., a fine photo- 
graph of what is supposed to be the larva of Coloradia pandora Blake. 
The caterpillar was found feeding on sage*brush. Mr. Wiley describes it 
as follows: Mature larva.—Color all black, spines shiny and sting the hand 
like Hyperchiria io. Pupa somewhat resembles zo, but smaller, and not 
so robust. Pupa nearly black. Pupa rotted, 


THE second annual meeting of the Association of Official Economic 
Entomologists will be held at the University Buildings, Champaign, III., 
November 11th to 15th, proximo, at the same time and place as the meet- 
ing of the Association of Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations. 
The committee on Entomology of the latter association will meet at the 
same time. Members expecting to attend will confer a favor upon the 
officers if ‘they will announce the fact, and will send titles of papers to be 
read, or topics they desire discussed, to the Secretary. All are earnestly 
urged to be present if possible.—J. B. Smitu, Sec., New Brunswick, N. J. 


146 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, [November, 


ALLow me to call your attention to an error which appeared in ENTo- 
MOLOGICAL News for May, and which I think is worth correcting. The 
Erebia which Mr. J. D. Evans collected at Sudbury, in 1889, was not epip- 
sodea, but discoidalis, a much rarer species, and hitherto only taken many 
degrees further North. Mr. Evans took five specimens in all, and all on 
the same day, and one or two were also taken by Dr. E. D. Peters, Jr. 
I have recently heard from Mr. Evans in reference to his collecting during 
the past season, but no specimens of this interesting species were obtained 
there this year. H. H. LyMan. 

] DESIRE to state in regard to my own observations of the cocoons of 
Callosomia angulifera, that during the Winter of 1889-90, I collected, on 
the Catawissa Mountain at an altitude of 1800 feet, 77 cocoons of what I 
supposed to be C. promethea, all of which were suspended on Sassafras 
and Wild Cherry by a silken cord covering the foot-stalk of the leaf and 
firmly attached to the twig. Of these 12 did not hatch; from 29 there 
emerged ichneumon parasites, and from the remaining 36 I succeeded in 
obtaining 27 promethea and 9 angulifera, all females. I never looked for 
or found a cocoon of angudifera on the ground. STEPHEN BALpy, 

; Catawissa, Pa. 

DRAGONFLIES CONGREGATING AT N1GHT.—Prof. D. S. Kellicott, of the 
Ohio State University, Columbus, O., writes, in a letter of Sept. 16, 1890, 
‘In your observations of Dragonflies, have you found them congregating 
at night? In July last I met, several times, with an interesting case. 
Heterina americana, as I suppose, I have not compared the descriptions 
of Walsh’s species, along the Shiawassee River, Michigan, gathers in 
great numbers on plants overhanging the river. I often gathered from 
twenty to thirty by one sweep of the net. Sexes mingled, males more 
numerous.”’ (with Prof. Kellicott’s permission.—P. P. C.) 

EDWARD BAMBRICK, 32 years, of Lagrange, near Bustleton, died on 
Wednesday, of blood poisoning, caused by the bite of a green caterpillar, 
Nearly a fortnight ago Bambrick told Policeman Ashton, of Bustleton, 
that he had been bitten on the neck by a green caterpillar as he lay on the 
grass in front of his own home. The creature inflicted what seemed an 
insignificant puncture, which bled freely. He did not heed the wound 
until some time after, when Dr. Beyer was called in. Medical skill failed 
to overcome the poison, and the patient died.— Philadelphia Press. 

Any other irritant would have acted in the same way, the fault was in 
the individual.—Ep. 


OBITUARY. 


PETER MAASEN, of Elberfield and Dusseldorf, died on August 2d, in 
his eightieth year. Mr. Maasen was well known through his writings on 
Saturnidz, of which he made a specialty. 

Mr. C. G. HALL died September 3d, at Bucland, Dover, England. 

WE have received notice of the death of Mr. C. Zeiller, of Regensberg, 
Bavaria. ; 


a i i el ll ee 


1890. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 147 


Identification of Insects (Imagos) for Subscribers. 


Specimens will be named under the following conditions: 1st, The number of speci- 
mens to be limited to twelve (12) for each sending ; 2d, The sender to pay all expenses of 
transportation and the insects to become the property of the American Entomological 
Society; 3d, Each specimen must have a number attached so that the identification may 
be announced accordingly. Such identifications as can be given will be published, acccrd- 
ing to number, in the issues of the News. Address packages to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws, 
Academy Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. 


Entomological Literature. 


_ JOURNAL OF THE AsIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, vol. xix, part 2, 1890. 
—Suppl. No. 1, Catalogue of the Insecta of the Oriental Region. No. 2, 
Family Carabide, E. T. Atkinson. 

PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY OF NEW SOUTH WALES, vol. 
iv, pt. 3d.—Rhopalocera from Mt. Kosciusko, New South Wales, by A. 
Sidney Oliff. New species of Lampyridz, including a notice of the Mt. 
Wilson Fire-fly, by A. Sidney Oliff. Further notes on Australian COLE- 
OPTERA, with descriptions of new genera and species, pt. 4, by Rev. T. 
Blackburn. Diptera, pt. 7, the Tipulidze brevipalpi, by Fred. A. A. 
Skuse, vol. iv, pt. 4th. A revision of the Australian species of Aup/aa, 
with synonymic notes and descriptions of new species, by W. H. Meskin. 
On Queensland and other Australian MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA, with localities 
and descriptions of new species, by Thomas P. Lucas. Descriptions of 
additional Australian Pyralidina, by E. Meyrick. Revision of Australian 
LEPIDOPTERA, pt. 3, by E. Meyrick. Revision of the genus Heferonyx, 
with descriptions of new species, by Rev. T. Blackburn. Notes on Aus- 
tralian COLEOPTERA, with descriptions of new species, pt. 4, by Rev. T. 
Blackburn. Studies in Australian Entomology—No. 2, Six new species 
of Carabidz, by Thomas G. Sloane. 


ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL History, vol. vi, No. 33.—Notes 
on Longicorn CoLEopPTERA of the group Cerambycidz, with descriptions 
of new genera and species, by Charles J. Gahan. Descriptions of new 
species of African Lyczenidz, chiefly from the collections of Dr. Staud- 
inger and Henley Grose Smith, by W. F. Kirby. 


THE AppLE Maccot, 77ypeta pomonella.—A consideration of the lit- 
erature, history, distribution, transformation, life-history and habits of this 
insect; also remedies. The results of investigations made in 1888-89, by 
F. L. Harvey, M.S. This interesting paper is fully illustrated by four 
plates, with a number of figures. 

New Types oF COCKROACHES FROM THE CARBONIFEROUS DEPOSITS 
OF THE U. S.—New carboniferous Myriapoda from Illinois. Illustrations 
of the carboniferous Arachnida of North America, of the orders Anthra- 
comarti and Pedipalpi. The insects of the Triassic beds at Fairplay, 


148 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [November, . 


Col., from Memoirs Boston Society Natural History, by S. H. Scudder, 
72 pages and 12 fine plates ; new genera and species are described. 


THE ENTOMOLOGIST, October, 1890.—Additions to the British list of 
Deltoids, Pyralides, Crambi, since 1859 (with plates), by Richard South. 
Abundance of LEPIDOPTERA in New Zealand, by W. W. Smith. Notes 
on Teniocampa opima, by J. Arkle. Contributions to the chemistry of 
insect colors, by F. H. Perry Coste. The Westman Islands, by Rev. Dr. 
F. A. Walker. The alteration of the name of Indian Geometrid Moth, 
by A. G. Butler. Entomological papers in Continental Periodicals, by 
W. Warren. Entomological notes, captures, etc. Doings of Societies, 
Reviews. 


THE ENTOMOLOGIST’s MONTHLY MAGAZINE, October, 1890.—Classifi- 
cation (concluded), by A. F. Griffith. Occurrence of Plusia moneta Fab. 
in Great Britain, by C. G. Barrett. udepia cribrum. by Rev. E. N. 
Bloomfield. Apatura isis by J. E. Mason. Note on the food of Drymo- 
nia dodonea, by W. R. Jeffrey. Re-occurrence of Epischnia Bankesieila 
at Portland, by N. M. Richardson.- Occurrence in Dorset of S. sudbse- 
guana, H. and M. rufimitrana H. S., id.. Notes from the Red Sea, by J. 
J. Walker. The life-history of the new 7inagma (7. betul@) of the Birch, 
by J. H. Wood. Description of 7. detule n. sp., by H. T. Stainton. 
Some remarks on the genus Xy/ophilus, with descriptions of two new 
species from Japan, by G. C. Champion. Two species of Psocide new 
to Britain, by R. McLachlan. 4schnua juncea L. near Ringwood, id. 
Gymnancyla canella in September, by A. E. Hall. Aplota palpella in 
Wilts, by E. Meyrick. Hybernation of Simethis pariana, by B. A. 
Bower. Gyrinus urinator at Swange, by C. H. Goodman. Carabus 
glabratus Payk. in Ireland, by Rev. Canon Fowler. Cvreophilus maxil- 
losus Vv. ciliaris Steph., by H, S. Donnisthorpe. Azthous rhombeus Ol. at 
Cobham Park, by J. Malings. Note on Scop@us erichsoni and Hodro- 
porus davisii, by W. G. Blatch. Coleoptera in the New Forest, by Rev. 
Theo. Wood. Quedius tristis predaceous, by Prof. W. R. Kilburne. 
Obituary. Societies. 


THE YouNG NATUuRALIsT, October, 1890.—The Pterophorina, by J. W. 
Tuft. Coleoptera at Guestling, by A. Ford. Pieris brassice pupe lying 
over, by James Dixon. Lithosia sericea, by Joseph Collins. Nonagria 
typhe, by G. Pullen. Aydecia petasites, by Joseph Collins. Noctua 


dohiti, by A. E. Hall. Agrotis agathina, by Joseph Collins: Rumia 


crategata, var., by A. E. Hall. Hawk moths, by C. W. Dale. 


MEMOIRES SUR LES LEPIDOPTERES REDIGEs par N. M. Romanoff, tome 
4. Le Pamir et La Faune Lepidopterologique par Gr. Groum-Grshimailo. 
Illustrated with 21 magnificent colored plates with many figures, 575 pp. 
St. Petersburg, 1890. 


RECUEIL ZOOLOGIQUE SutssE, v, No. 2, July, 1890.—The histological 
disposition of the pigment in the eyes of Arthropods under the influence 
of direct light and of complete obscurity, by Mlle. M. Stefanowska, 2 pl. 


ee ee 


a 


1890. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 149 


ZOOLOGISCHER ANZEIGER, Sept. 1, 1890.—On a peculiar organ in the 
embryo of Locustidz, by W. M. Wheeler. 


JAHRBUCH DES NATURHISTORISCHEN LANDES-MUSEUMS VON KARNTEN 
20 heft, Klagenfurt, 1889.—The Lepidoptera of the Lavantthal, and of 
both Alps Kor and Saualpe, by G. Héfher. On Carinthian Hymenop- 
tera,* by E. Liegel. . 

ZEITSCHRIFT FUR WISSENSCHAFTLICHE ZOOLOGIE, L, 1890.—Re- 
searches on the Structure of Spermatozoa: The spermatozoa of insects. 
(I. Coleoptera), by E. Ballowitz, 4 plates. The development of the 
sexual organs and the intestine in Chironomus, by R. Ritter, 1 plate. 


ENTOMOLOGISCHE NACHRICHTEN, xvi, Nos. 17 and 18, September, ’go. 
—New West African Orthoptera from Kribi, collected by H. Lieut. Mor- 
gen,* F. Karsch; 4 woodcuts; Morgenia, Mateus, Chondrodera, Licheno- 
chrus, Mormotus, Liocentrum, Opisthodicrus, Tomias, Lagarodes, Sten- 
ampyx, Pantecphylus, Polyglochin, Habrocomes, new gen. Synopsis of 
the trispinous species of Sphenoptera of Europe and the Caucasus,* by 
E. Reitter. A Review of Scudder’s Butterflies of the Eastern United 
States and Canada, by A. Speyer. 


SITZUNGSBERICHTE DER NATURFORSCHER GESELLSCHAFT BEI DER 
UNIvERSITAT Dorpat, ix, 1 heft (1889), 1890.—Four papers on Livonian 
Diptera, by H. Sintenis. Observations on Tardigrada, by H. Rywosch. 


MITTHEILUNGEN DER SCHWEIZERISCHEN ENTOMOLOGISCHEN GESELL- 
sCHAFT, viii, No. 5, August, 1890.—Three papers on Swiss Bombus, by 
‘Frey-Gessner. Notes on Swiss Neuroptera, by F. Ris. Two new genera. 
of Tryphonidz,* by Dr. Kriechbaumer; Aethalodes, Bremian. gen. (from 
Europe). Diptera Helvetia, by Dr. G. Schoch; 1st part. Coleoptera 
Helvetiz, by Dr. Stierlin (continued). 


BOLLETINO DEI MuSEI DI ZOOLOGIA ED. ANATOMIA COMPARATA DELLA 
R. UNIVERSITA DI TorINo, N. 78.—Diagnoses of new species of Diptera 
[from Italy]*, by Dr. Giglio-Tos. 

No. 84.—New species of Diptera from the Zoological Museum of To- 
rino,* by Dr. Giglio-Tos; 1 plate; Ditomyia zonata, D. mexicana, Orizaba, 
Mexico, n. sp., figs. 6 and 7. 

No. 85.—On a mode of preserving the larve of Lepidoptera with their 
colors, by F. Crosa. 


ZOOLOGISCHER ANZEIGER, Sept. 15, 1890.—Some observations con- 
cerning the closed tracheal system in insect larvee by Dr. H. Dewitz. 


VERHANDLUNGEN DER K. K. ZOOLOGISCH-BOTANISCHEN GESELL- 
SCHAFT IN WIEN xl, 1 quartal, 1890.—Monograph of the Proscopidz,* 
by C. Brunner. v. Wattenwyl; 3 plates; Prosarthria, Apioscelis, Cory- 
-norhynchus, Tetanorhynchus, Stiphra, Tazxiarchus, Anchotatus, Epi- 
grypa n. gen.; all the species are from South America. A new species. 
of Tenthredinid,* and Apide frequenting Brassica oleracea L, by Dr. R. 
Cobelli. Determination table of the Parnidz of Europe, the Mediterra- 
nean fauna and the bordering districts, by A. Kuwert. 


* Contains new species other than North American. 


150 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ November, 
Doings of Societies. 


A regular meeting of the Entomological Section of the Academy of 
Natural Sciences was held at the Hall September 25th. Meeting called to 
order at 8.20 P.M. In the absence of the Director, Dr. Horn, Mr. Mar- 
tindale occupied the chair. Members present: Messrs. Ridings, Laurent 
and Skinner. Associates: Welles, Calvert, Westcott, Liebeck, Castle, 
Seeber and Fox. A number of specimens were presented to the cabinet, 
among them being Avg. montinus and C. mandan from Mr. S. H. Scudder. 
Mr. Calvert presented determinations of the species of Odonata brought 
home by the expedition sent to Mexico by the Academy. Mr. Laurent 
reported the capture of C. serena and Apatela funeralis at the electric 
light. Mr. Martindale spoke of the great scarcity of species of Catocala 


this Summer, and reported finding P. ayaa and the larve of Phobetron — 


pithecium and Tolype velleda. He had had success in capturing moths 
by rubbing rotting bananas on trees to attract them. Mr. Welles reported 
the capture of Vanessa /-album and Cat. unijuga from Elwyn, Delaware 
County, Pa. He had seen Feniseca tarquinius greatly attracted to a per- 
spiring individual. Mr. C. W. Johnson, of the Wagner Institute, was 
elected an associate. : HENRY SKINNER, 

, Recorder. 

THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, Sept. 4, 1890.—Under 
the head ‘‘short communications and exhibition of specimens,’’ Mr. Heide- 
mann spoke of the occurrence' of Cylapus tenuicornis (Capsidze) near 
Washington, D. C., and Mr. Schwarz exhibited specimens of Choragus 
nitens (Anthribidze) lately found in the District, also a branch of Carpinus 
infested in a peculiar way by the larvee of Acoptus suturalis (Curculionide) 
and a specimen of Hymenarcys nervosa with deformed antennz, and he 
also called attention to the reported discovery of the stylopized Gryllo- 
talpas in eastern Africa. Dr. Marx reported having found specimens of 
Latrodectus under a board, devouring carabids—the webs of the spider 
being garnished with fragments of the beetles. As possibly throwing 
light on the subject, Prof. Riley mentioned having been greatly surprised 
this Summer at the large number of insects, Lachnosterna, Xylocopa, 
Bombus, etc., that he found about his ground$ at Sunbury, with large per- 
forations and apparently killed by birds, and probably the house wren. 
Mr. Fox thought that spiders were largely responsible for this work. Prof. 
Riley described his recent investigations into the life-history and habits of 
Sphecius speciosus, exhibiting specimens of the egg 7 situ on Cicadas, 
and of the young and full-grown larve and cocoons. Careful drawings 
were shown illustrating the different stages and habits of Sphecius. 

Mr. Schwarz queried, in view of the earlier appearance of the C. sep- 
tendecim, whether Sphecius ever preyed on that species. Prof. Riley 
showed that the period of Septendecim and Sphecius overlapped, and that 
the general belief that Sphecius attacked the seventeen-year locust, while 
not based, so far as he recalled, on observation, was probably well founded. 


n . 
a 


ae 


a ee 


4 


1890. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. I51 


Mr. Howard exhibited specimens of sand cricket, Stenope/matus fas- 
ciatus, which had been recently sent to Prof. Riley by one of the corre- 
spondents. Mr. Howard stated that they occurred abundantly in the 
southwest, and are reported errofieously to be“extremely poisonous. As 
stated by Prof. Riley, in the ‘“Standard Natural History,” they are car- 
nivorous in habit. 

Mr. Mann described some observations and experiments relating to the 
longevity of decapitated specimens of Caloptenus, and the vigorous re- 
sistance of such specimens to the attacks of ants. 

Mr. Schwarz, ‘‘On Black Locust Insects,’’ presented a list of twenty- 
four species of Coleoptera bred by him in May from dying trunks of Black 
Locust, and spoke of the principal insect enemies of this tree in the Dis- 
trict. Discussed by Messrs. Riley and Howard. 

Mr. Schwarz also read a paper on the food habits of some Scolytide 
observed by him during the Summer. Galleries of the following species 
were exhibited and explained: Xvyloterus politus in Acer dasycarpum; 
Xyleborus furcatus and pubescens in Walnut; Cnesinus strigicollis in Li- 
guidambar styracifilua. C. L. MARLATT, 

; Recording Secretary. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB OF THE A. A. A. S. OF 
INDIANAPOLIS, 1890.—The Club met in regular session on August 2oth, 
9g A. M., room 11, in the State House. President, Prof. A. J. Cook, in the 
chair. There were present through the meeting, Messrs. Chas. Robertson, 
Clarence M. Weed, E. W. Clatpole, James Troop, F. S. Earle, L. H. 
Pammel, Herbert Osborn, John Marten, H. Garman, Geo. F. Atkinson, 
Charles W. Hargitt, Thomas Hunt, John W. Spencer, W. B. Alwood, J. 
Fletcher, F. M. Webster, W. W. Norman, S. G. Evans. W. S. Blachley, 
Truman P. Catter, Ralph St. F. Perry, Miss Mary E. Murtfeldt, Miss 
Augusta Murtfeldt, Mrs. K. B. Claypole, Mrs. O. Hanney. 

The President proceeded to deliver a most interesting address upon 
Teaching of Entomology. 

Dr. C. Weed then read a paper upon the life-history of the evening 
Primrose Curculio (7y/oderma foveolatum). He reported breeding a 


species of Bracon from the larve of the Curculio, and recorded observa- 


tions upon the habits of both insects. 
At the request of the President, Mr. Fletcher presented some notes 


‘upon the injuries caused by the Hessian Fly, the wheat stem maggot and 


an undetermined species of Oscinis. He stated that he had been studying 


these insects at Ottawa, Can., during the last four years. 


A paper on the subject of American Silk Spinners, by Mr. Edward L. 
Graef, was read by the Secretary, of which the following is an abstract: 

‘Refers to the periodical, phenomenal increase of some species of in- 
sects and their sudden disappearance. Speaks of the adaptability of the 
cocoons of Z. cecropia Linn. for the manufacture of silk, and of the firmer 
belief of the writer in the possibility of the creation of an American in- 
dustry in the rearing of their larve for manufacturing purposes. Solicits 


152 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [November, 


plans for the profitable rearing of the larve of this, or other American 
silk spinners. Also for preparing their cocoons. Offers a prize ($50.00) 
for this purpose.’ 

An interesting paper was read by Dr. C. M. Weed, the subject of which 
was ‘‘ The food plants of the Clover Stem Borer (Languria moa-andi). 
Fifteen species of the plants were ae: on which the larve is known 
to feed. 

Prof. Osborn followed with a paper on a peculiar: Coleopterous larva 
infesting the stems of plants. 

Dr. Weed presented a short paper upon the oviposition of Zistronotus 
latiusculus. The eggs are laid in bunches of five to ten on the leaf stalks 
of Sagittaria variabilis, and are covered with bits of epidermis chewed 
up by the adult beetle. 

Mr. Charles Robertson made some remarks upon the habits of Zmphor 
bombiliformis, which he stated was apparently a special visitor of Aiibis- 
cus. The nests were constructed by burrowing in the ground, and, in 
order to facilitate the excavation, water was frequently carried to the hole 
with which the bottom was moistened. Sometimes but one pellet of earth 
would be carried out after an application of water, while in some cases he 
had observed as many as four of these pellets thrown out immediately 
following an application. 

Miss Mary E. Muftfeldt read a charming paper entitled, “Some expe- 
riences in rearing insects.’’ In this paper some valuable hints were given 
as to the best way to manage larve so as to carry them to maturity, and 
the most frequent causes of failure were mentioned. The paper was 
listened to with great attention by all present. 

The Secretary proceeded to read the following paper. upon “‘ The Pre- 
paratory Stages of Eustrotia caduca,” by D. S. Kellicott, of Columbus, O. 

Prof. Cook presented a note upon a new breeding habit in Agrotis CG 
nigrum. He had found the eggs on the foliage of currant bushes and 
reared the larvze thereon. 

Prof. Osborn read an interesting paper on the — of incubation of 
Mallophaga. 

Mr. S. F. Earle presented several interesting notes on some injurious 
insects of southern Mississippi. Diabrotica 12-punctata was a very abun- 
dant insect, and, in addition to its well-known food-plants, it also fed to 
an injurious extent upon the foliage of peach and also cabbage. Cut- 
worms were very injurious in gardens. A species of Aphis worked seri- 
ous injury to the cucumber and melon veins. Pieris rape is exceedingly 
destructive. Doryphora ro-lineata had not yet reached southern Missis- 
sippi. Sphinx larvze were very destructive to the foliage of tomatoes and 
the boll worm to the fruit. 

(To be continued. ) 
F. H. WEBSTER, 
Secretary. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws for October was mailed October 2, 1890. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 


AND 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION, 


ACADEMY NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. 


VOL, I. DECEMBER, 1890. No. Io. 
CON TERS: 

French—Another Tropical Species of ; Liebeck—Cicindelidz of a Season........ 158 

Lepidoptera in Florida............ ....- 153. Notes and News 160 

Holland—African Hesperide............... 155. Entomological Literature............... 000+ 162 


P. P. C.—Elementary Entomology....... 157 i GMS OF Societies... ...iGB2~n<...sncesee0.. 167 


ANOTHER TROPICAL SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTERA 
IN FLORIDA. 


By G. H. Frencu, Carbondale, III. 


In the September number of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws, p. 105, 
Mr. Dyar describes two species of insects new to our fauna, Ca/- 
lidryas statira and Composia jfidelissima. 1 have had for about 
a year another species of Composza collected in Florida by Prof. 
Velie, of Chicago, during the Winter of 1888 and 1889, and sent 
to me by my friend, Mr. W. E. Longley, of the same city. Not 
having the means of identifying the specimen I sent a colored 
print of it to Mr. A. G. Butler, of London, who writes that it is 
Composia olympia Butl. From comparison of Mr. Dyar’s de- 
scription with my specimen it seems to be closely related to C. 
jidelissima. The following figure and description will show the 
points of difference. 

Composia olympia Butl. Expanse 2.5 inches. Black, the fore 
wings with three bright scarlet, nearly quadrate spots between 
the costal and subcostal veins, extending from the base to the 
middle of the cell; a square white spot beyond the third sc@rlet 
one; just beyond the end of the cell a transverse row of six white 


spots of varying size, the last the largest and a little below the 


Io 


ww 
s 


iL» 


154 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ December, 


line of the others, the fifth the smallest; beyond this row and 
about half way to the apex is another row of four white spots, 
the last out of line of the others; a small spot at the posterior 
angle; all of these transverse spots more or less rounded. In 
the cell are two nar- 
row bars that do not 
quite reach from vein 
to vein, the outer 
white, but the inner 
white, strongly 
washed with scarlet. 

The hind wings 
have a_ subterminal 
row of nine white 
spots, the first, fourth and ninth, small; the second largest. The 
fore wings show blue reflection in oblique light in the cell up to 
near the first bar, in the outer part of the cell about the end, at 
the base below the cell and along the posterior margin. In the 
same light the hind wings show blue reflection above the sub- 
costal vein almost to the apex, in the cell to its end, below the 
cell and lower branch of submedian vein to the outer margin. 
Head with eight white dots; back of antenne, below antennz, 
above the eye and back of the eye. Collar with a row of six 
white dots. Thorax with six white dots on the anterior part and 
a row of four pale yellow dots across the posterior. Abdomen 
blue by reflection. 

Beneath, the white spots of the upper side repeated, the space 
of the scarlet spots solid scarlet and confluent with the first bar 
in the cell, this bar having no white in it as it has above. The 
blue reflection is more pronounced than it is on the upper surface. 
The abdomen is banded with pale yellow and black, the terminal 
pale band whitish. 

According to Mr. Butler this seems as yet to be a rare species, 
though Prof. Velie took about a dozen recently. The type speci- 
men was from Brazil; it has been taken in Central America and 
once before at Key West, Fla. 


ALETIA ARGILLACEA Hiib., was seen sparingly the last week in Sep- 
tember at Columbus, O. I have not yet seen it in abundance here, whilst 
at Buffalo, N. Y., scarcely an Autumn passes without the appearance of 
many. If my observations accord with facts, why the greater abundance 
at the point so much further from the cotton fields?p—D. S. KELLICOTT. 


3 
, 


ae ee 


1890. } ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 155 


Description of three new Species of African Hesperide. 


BY. REV. W. J. HOLLAND. 


The appended descriptions are all of species belonging to the 
genus Proteides Hiib. I hope shortly to be able to publish figures 
of these and a number of other species. 


1. Proteides margaritata n. sp. 

Allied to P. erinnys Trim. Upperside: Anzeriors broadly dark 
brown, clothed with greenish yellow hairs at the base, and having 
the following markings: three small subapical spots arranged in 
a series curving outwardly from the costa toward the external 
margin, a quadrate spot at the end of the cell, a square spot 
beyond the end of the cell between the second and third median 
nervules, below this between the first and second median nervules 
a spot resembling an hour- ~glass, and between the first median 
nervule and the submedian vein two triangular spots, of which 
the one nearest the base is obscure, being overlaid by the green- 
ish hairs which cover the base. All of these spots are vitreous. 
Posteriors with the outer third and anterior margin broadly dark 
brown, cell and middle area pale orange, covered with greenish 
hairs at the base and intersected by the dark brown nervules. 
The outer margin at the anal angle is broadly orange red. 

Underside: Anéeriors fuscous, clouded with deep black at the 
apex and the middle of the dise, and broadly stramineous on the 
inner margin. The subapical area is irrorated with minute white 
scales. The spots of the upper surface reappear, but are not so 
distinct and sharply defined; the subapical series and the spot at 
the end of the cell are surmounted toward the costa by broad 
spots of nacreous. The end of the cell is also defined by a very 
narrow line of the same color. /osteriors of the same color as 
the primaries, clouded with dark brown on the outer third, and 
having the middle area ornamented by a very broad and irregular 
spot of pearly white. The anal angle is more narrowly orange 
than the upper surface; the upper surface of the abdomen is fus- 
cous, annulated with pale yellow; the lower surface of the abdo- 
men is not so distinctly annulated with pale gray. Antenne 
black upon the upper side, fuscous below. Expanse of wings 
48 mm. 

ffab.—Valley of the Ogove. Type in coll. Holland. 


156 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. _ [December, . 


2. P. iricolor n. sp. 

Upperside uniformly dark brown, showing in certain lights a 
golden-green gloss. Fringe at the anal angle of the posteriors 
broadly white. 

Underside: Axferiors with the anterior margin and the apical 
third violet-green. The lower half of the cell and the middle 
third of the wing is brown without any iridescence, and the pos- 
terior margin is very broadly pearly-white. There is a crimson 
spot on the costa at the base. /osteriors violet-green, with a 
beautiful iridescence in certain lights, the violet tints deepest to- 
ward the inner margin and the anal angle, where the wing inclines. 
to black. There is a crimson spot at the base, two longitudinal 
spots of velvety-black in the cell, and a discal series of rounded 
spots of the same color, of which the one nearest the anal angle 
is bifid. The fringes at the anal angle are white, as upon the 
upper surface. The head, thorax and abdomen are of the same 
color as the wings upon the upper side; the lower side of the ab- 
domen is ochreous. The antennz are black above and ochreous 
below. Expanse of wings 55 mm. 

Hab.—Valley of the Ogove. Type in coll. Holland 


3. P. laterculus n. sp. 

Allied to the preceding, but smaller. 

Upperside: The entire upperside of the wingle head, thorax 
and abdomen, is dark brown. The fringes of the posteriors near 
the anal angle are light fuscous. 

Underside: The ground color is the same as upon the upper — 
surface; the inner margin of the primaries is broadly white. The 
base and middle area of the secondaries is brick-red; there is a 
large circular spot of velvety-black at the end of the cell in the 
secondaries, and a series of five discal spots of the same color 
following this. The series is interrupted opposite the cell, the 
three largest spots being placed after the third median nervule. 
The fringes at the anal angle, and the tip of the abdomen on the 
underside are stramineous. Expanse of wings 38 mm. 

Flab.—Valley of the Ogove. Type in coll. Holland. 


(To be continued. ) 


o- 


———————— US — ee eee. 


= 


1890.] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 157 


ELEMENTARY ENTOMOLOGY. 
Sixth Paper.—THE WINGs. 


The wings of an insect are membranous expansions of the body 
wall. They first appear in the pupal or later nymphal stages as 
flat, sac-like projections near the lateral borders of the terga of 
the meso- and metathorax. As the wings develop, the greater 
part of the dorsal and ventral walls of this flat sac become closely 
united. Along certain lines, both the dorsal and ventral walls 
become thickened. These lines are so situated that when the 
union of the two walls takes place, those on the dorsal wall coin- 
cide with those on the ventral wall; they thus form the frame-work 
of the wings, and are called veins, nerves, or nervures. Many 
veins enclose a tube formed by the union of two grooves, placed 
one on the inner or opposing side of each of the two thickened lines. 
Through these tubes blood circulates; often a trachea exists in 
the centre of this tube. The veins or nerves of an insect’s wing 
do not correspond to the similarly named parts of higher animals. 

That part of the wing by which it is attached to the thorax is 
the dase. The shape of the wing is roughly triangular; its three 
edges, borders, or margins, receive distinctive names; the front 
edge is also called the costa/ margin, or simply the costa; the outer 
edge is also termed afica/, the remaining border is known as the 
inner, hind, or ana/ margin. ~The apex of the wing is the angle 
where the front and outer margins meet. The inner and outer 
margins meet at the And or ana/ angle. 

All the veins of a wing taken collectively constitute the venation, 
neuration, or reticulation. The venation is regular, and although 
differing very much in various groups of insects, is based on a 
general plan. Five (or more) large veins run from the base 
towards the apical border, diverging from each other. These 
veins branch; at right angles to these large veins and their 
branches are other short veins. The branches of the large veins 
are sometimes known as sectors. Each litttle area or space of the 
wing, bounded by veins, is called a cel/, or cellule. No general 
nomenclature has yet been established for the venation of all the 
groups of insects; for each group a special nomenclature is in use. 

The front wings may be specialized so as to form protective 
covers for the hind wings. In beetles and earwigs the front wings 


158 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [December, 


are thick and horny, and are termed elytra. In water-bugs and 
others, they are similar to elytra, but the apical part is membra- 


nous, hence their name of hemelyira. In grasshoppers and katy- — 


dids they are leathery, or parchment-like, and are called zegmina. 

Many insects, even of those groups which, as a general rule, 
undergo a complete transformation, are wingless. Sometimes 
only the front wings are present; the hind wings are then usually 
represented by a pair of small club-shaped organs—the ha/teres, 
balancers, or potsers—as in the common house-fly. Rarely the 


hind wings only are present, in which case the front wings are’ 


represented by organs similar to the halteres, but distinguished 
from them as pseudo-halteres. P. P..C. 


oO 
Vv 


CICINDELIDA OF A SEASON. 


BY CHAS, LIEBECK. 


This has been the most successful season for Cicindele that 
has occurred during my experience in Coleoptera collecting. 
Of nineteen species and varieties occurring in eastern Pennnsyl- 
vania and southern New Jersey, fourteen have been taken by me 
this season. 

The species follow in order as they are listed, with some refer- 
ence to their occurrence during former years. 

Tetracha virginica Linn.—Nocturnal in habits, a few specimens 
being taken in open fields under boards and fence rails, middle 
of July, at Abington, Pa. te 

Cicindela unipunctata Fab. —Reported as occurring at Atco 
and Woodstown, N. J. One of the species not taken this season. 

C. modesta Dej.—Not taken as abundantly this season as in 
previous years, but scattered individuals taken in May, June and 
July, in all sections of southern New Jersey, in which any col- 
lecting was done. Two days in May, 1887, over one hundred 
specimens were taken in a space, not more than sixty feet square, 
below Gloucester, N. J. A second brood appears in September. 

C. 6-guttata Fab.—Twelve or fifteen specimens were taken 
under the bark of fallen trees along the banks of Cobb’s Creek, 
Philadelphia, early in April, and a number on the wing the first 
week in May. Some have also been taken in July. 

4 C. patruela Dej.—Occurs at Lancaster, Pa.; not taken this 
season. 


— eo 


—— te ie i 


18go. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 159 


C. consentanea Dej.—Occurred several years ago below Glou- 
cester, N. J.,. but none taken in that locality recently. Collected 
by Dr. Hamilton, at Absecorh, N. J., in September. 

C. purpurea Oliv.—A common species occurring in May and 
June in almost every locality. Several specimens were captured 
on the wing at DaCosta, N. J., March 15, 1886, on sandy spots 
along the line of the railroad, when ice and snow still lay un- 
melted between the ties. 


all C. generosa Dej.—Taken during May and June at Westville, 


é 


Atco and Hammonton, N. J.; most abundant the last week in 
May, but few being taken the latter part of June. 

C. vulgaris Say.—Isolated specimens taken at different times 
during the season at Philadelphia, Pa.; and Landisville,-N. J. 
One specimen was taken in company with C. purpurea at Da- 
Costa, March 15, 1886. 

C. repanda Dej.—An early species common everywhere. 

C. r2-guttata Dej.—Usually found on the banks of small streams 
early in May; abundant locally. 

C. hirticollis Say.—Found on a small beach on the Delaware 
River below Gloucester, N. J., and everywhere along the beach 
at the sea-shore, where the white sand mingles with the mud of 
the meadows and forms a composition of a dark hue. May, 
June and July. 

C. punctulata Fab.—An abundant species throughout the whole 


‘season everywhere. Taken without intervals from May to Sep- 


tember. Often attracted to the electric lights at night. 

C. tortuosa Dej.—I know of but two specimens ever taken in 
New Jersey several years ago at Atlantic City, one by Dr. Castle 
and the other by myself, and have not yet been able to determine 
whether they actually inhabit this district, or were only accidental 
introductions. 

C. dorsalis Say.—A very common species at the sea-shore, 
along the water’s edge, where sometimes hundreds can be seen 
within the scope of the eye. Most abundant in July; sometimes 
an all white variety is taken. 

C. marginata Fab.—I found these on the meadows between 


Sea Isle City, N. J., and the main shore, inhabiting the dry, bare 


spots, quite abundant in the latter part of July. Have never 
noticed this species in the sand-hills or on the beach. 
C. lepida Dej.—A species peculiar to the sand-hills along the 


160 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ December, 


New Jersey coast. It has, to my knowledge, been taken in all 
the hills from Atlantic City to Cape May; occurs during the latter 
part of July, and is, owing to its color and the intense whiteness 
of the sand, both difficult to see and to capture. 

C. marginipennis Dej.—A species occurring in the mountain 
districts of eastern Pennsylvania, of which I know very little, 
not having taken any specimens. 

C. abdominalis Fab.—Has frequently been reported as occurring 
at DaCosta, N. J., and although I have made it a point for several 
years to be in that neighborhood at the time of its appearance, 
have never, until this season, been fortunate enough to see any. 
During the last week in June ten or twelve specimens were seen 
between Hammonton aid DaCosta, N. J., the majority of which 
were captured. It frequents the wagon-roads through the woods, 
and does not confine itself to any particular locality as other Ci- 
cindelz do, those that were observed being scattered in ones and 
twos over the entire distance. 


Notes and News. 
ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS 
OF THE GLOBE. 


{The Conductors of ENToMOLOGICAL News solicit, and will thankfully receive item 
of news, likely to interest its readers, from any source. The author’s name will be given 
in each case for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] 


In the future all papers received for publication in the News will be 
printed according to date of reception. 


NOTE ON THE MOLTING OF PHOBETRON PITHECIUM, S. and A.—A larva 
of this species was observed to molt in the following manner: When pre- 
paring to cast its skin it rested on a leaf, the head withdrawn beneath 
joint 2 in the usual position-of rest of larve of this group. The skin ap- 
peared loose, the long subdorsal processes shrunken, especially at the 
bases, there tips transparent from the partial withdrawal of the inner part. 
The larva jerked itself and rocked from side to side till the skin broke 
along the dorsal line from the head to the last segment simultaneously. 
As the chitinous part of the head of this insect does not extend up as far 
as in other subfamilies of Bombycide; the new head was readily with- 
drawn and the larva extricated itself from its skin by a lateral oscillatory 
movement, at the same time walking forward a little, which served to 
draw out the subdorsal processes from their old enclosing skin. They 
were bent backward by the operation nearly in line with the body, and 
were seen to be attached to the body bya slight white filament, but it 


————— OO 


roy 


. 
1890. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 161 


was not observed whether they were attached to the anterior or posterior 
edge of a segment (they are situated over each segmental suture between 
joints 3-13 inclusive, the last pair very small). As the new processes are 
withdrawn from inside the old ones and not formed under the body skin 
like the hairs of the Arctiinz, it will be seen that a process once lost can- 
not*be replaced, and, in the present instance, four of the normal twenty 
were lacking both before and after the molt. As this larva is well known, 
I will not enter upon a detailed description of it here, but will remark 
that the ends of the three pairs of long processes (the third, fifth and 
seventh pairs) appear to be slightly moveable at the will of the larva. 
HARRISON G. DyAr. 


THERE isa form of Ergates spiculatus Lec. (2), which occurs in Wet 
Mountain Valley, Colorado, differing from the type as represented in the 
British Museum collection from the Pacific region, and figured by LeConte 
in having the elytra marked with whitish between the veins, and pale 
about the apices, where the dark color gradually becomes subobsolete. 
The thorax on the other hand, is quite dark. This form perhaps indicates 
a tendency to that sexual dichroism which is, as pointed out to me by 
Mr. Gahan, so well marked in certain other Longicorns; or, it may be a 
climatic race, a product of the drier central region of North America. 
In structure this species already presents secondary sexual characters . 
which have led to the sexes being described as different species, but nor- 
mally the sexes do not differ in color. This pale-marked 2 form of &Z. 
spiculatus has been mentioned by Leng, but apparently it has received no 
name; it may be conveniently known as var. marmoratus. From one of my 
specimens of this variety (now in the British Museum) I extracted an egg, 
which, in its dried state, is pale amber color, elongate, subcylindrical, atten- 
uate at the ends; length, 23 mm.; breadth, 1 mm.—T. D. A. CocCKERELL. 


Tue fact mentioned above is by no means rare in its occurrence in the 
specimens received from Oregon and Washington, nor is it by any means 
peculiar to the female. The discoloration is not due to climatic influences, 
as it is equally observed in specimens from the dry regions of the centre 
of the continent and the notoriously damp climate of the Northwest.. 
They seem to me merely imperfectly chitinized specimens, hardly de- 
serving a varietal name. Such discolorations seem quite common in 
those Coleoptera with a coriaceous elytral texture. They are probably 
the result of a reduction of temperature during the evolution of the imago. 

Geo. H. Horn. 


STINGING POWERS OF VESPA VULGARIS AND ICHNEUMON SUTURALIS. 
—A few days ago Mrs. Gillette called my attention to a dead (?) wasp 
upon the window that she had killed, so that it would not sting our little 
daughter, who would be sure to try to catch the “‘ bug”’ if she saw it. The 
wasp was a specimen of Vespa vulgaris, and the blow that was supposed 
to have killed it had entirely severed the abdomen from the rest of the 
body. Nothing more was thought of the wasp until the next day, twenty- 


162 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ December, 


four hours later, when the screams of the little girl called her mother to 
the scene. The child had picked up the pretty abdomen of the wasp and 
had received a severe sting to pay her for her curiosity. The abdomen 
at this time seemed thoroughly alive. How much longer it would have 
retained its power to sting, had it not been destroyed, I am unable to say. 

STINGING POWER OF ICHNEUMON SuTURALIS.—While collecting a few 
days since a female JZ. su¢uradis lit upon a bush just in reach of me. With 
a quick sweep of the hand I caught it, and held it, while, with the other 
hand, I got out my cyanide bottle. As I was about to bottle my capture 
I received a thrust in the palm of my hand that led me to suspect that in 
my haste I had mistaken a wasp for an /chneumon, and I quickly dropped 
it. The culprit was recaptured and proved to be, as stated above, 7 
suturalis, The sting was like the thrust of a pin, there being no swelling 
of the part and no pain after the first two or three seconds. 

I had, previous to this, watched /chneumons in their attempts to sting 
while holding them in my hand, but this is the first time that one has 
really succeeded in producing anything like a sting. —C. P. GILLETTE. 


Identification of Insects (Imagos) for Subscribers. 


Specimens will be named under the following con conditions: 1st, The number of speci- 
mens to be limited to twelve (12) for each sending; 2d, The sender to pay all expenses of 
transportation and the insects to become the property of the American Entomological 
Society ; 3d, Each specimen must have a number attached so that the identification may 
be announced accordingly. Such identifications as can be given will be published, accord- 


ing to number, in the issues of the News. Address packages to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, 


Academy Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. 


EUGENE R. FIsCHER.—1, Efpiscopus ornatus; 2, Proconia sp. (con- 
fiuens ?); 3, Proconia (confluens?); 4, Stenarops malinus; 5, Nysius 
californicus. 

O. S. Westcotr.—1, Cenonympha ochracea; 2, Rheumaptera hastata; 
3, Melipotis sp.; 5, Megachile latimanus; 6, Sparnopolius fulvus; 9, 
Scatophaga stercoraria; 10, Scatophaga squalida; 11, Dendroctonus sp.; 
12, Dendroctonus sp. 

F. S. Daccett.—1, Chalcophora virginiensis; 2, Rhaziaaa lineatum,; 
3, Cryptus nuncius; 4, Buprestis fasciata; 5, Harmonia rg-guttata; 6, 
Coccinella monticola; 7, Coccinella transversoguttata; 8, Harmonia 12- 
maculata, 9, Hippodamia parenthesis; 10, Harmonia picta; 11, Pogono- 
cherus mixtus; 12, Hippodamia 13-punctata. 


Entomological Literature. 


TRANSACTIONS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LONDON. Part 3, 1890.— 
On the structure of the terminal segment in some male Hemiptera, by 
Dr. David Sharp. On the classification of the Pyralidina of the European 
‘ fauna, by E. Meyrick. Additions to the Cicindelide fauna of Mexico, 
with remarks on some of the previously recorded species, by Henry 
Walter Bates. A Catalogue of the Rhopalocerous-Lepidoptera collected 


~~ — 


= 


1890. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 163 


in the Shan States, with notes on the country and climate, by Neville 


_ Manders. Notes on the species of the families Lycidze and Lampyride, 


contained in the Imperial Museum of Calcutta, with descriptions of new 
species, and a list of the species at present described from India, by Rev. 
Henry S. Gorham. On some new species of African diurnal Lepidoptera, 
by Philip Crowley. 

THE West AMERICAN SCIENTIST, September, 1890.—New Coccids 


- from California, by D. W. Coquillett. 


PROCEEDINGS AND TRANSACTIONS OF THE LIVERPOOL BIOLOGICAL 


‘Soctety, vol. iv, p. 170.—The post-embryonic development of a gnat 


(Culex), by C. Herbert Hurst. 

ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL History, vol. vi, No. 34.—De- 
scription of some new species of African butterflies in the collection of 
Capt. G. E. Shelley, by E. M. Sharpe. 

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Pt. 3, 18go. 
—On some new moths from India, by H. J. Elwes. On a collection of 
Acarina found in Algeria, by A. D. Michael. Descriptions of new species 
of Lepidoptera-Heterocera from Central and South America, by Herbert 
Druce. Ona collection of Lepidoptera made by Mr. Edmund ‘Reynolds 
on the rivers Tocantins and Araguaya in the Province of Goyaz, Brazil, 
by Emily Mary Sharpe. 

BroLoGcia CENTRALI-AMERICANA. Part 87, August, 1890.—Coleoptera: 
vol. iv, pt. 2, by G. C. Champion, pp. 185-216, plates 8, 9; vol. vi, pt. 1, 
suppl, by M. Jacoby, pp. 201-208. Lepidoptera:-Rhopalocera: vol. ii, by 
F. D. Godman and O. Salvin, pp. 185-208, pl. 65. Rhynchota-Heterop- 
tera, by W. L. Distant, pp. 345-352, pl. 32. Diptera: vol. ii, by F."M. 
Vander Wulp, pp. 177-200. ; 

EssSAy ON THE DESTRUCTION OF THE Mosquiro AND House FLy, by 
William Beutenmiiller, 180 pp. 2 plates. This interesting essay was pre- 


sented in competition for the prize offered by Dr. Lamborn, of New York, 


for the best on the subject. It gives an account of the anatomy, life-his- 
tory and development of the mosquito, remedies against and an account 
of its natural enemies. A catalogue of the described transformations of 
the Odonata of the world is appended. 


BERLINER ENTOMOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT xxxv, heft 1, 1890.—Lepid- 


_opterological notes from Sumatra, by Dr. L. Martin. "The Bee genus 


Dasypoda Latr.,* by A. Schletterer; 1 pl. African Fulgoride,* by Dr. 
F. Karsch; 1 pl. Paropioxys, Metoponitys, Anecphora, Paranotus, Eury- 
prosthius, Phedolus, Conoprosthius, Aulophorus n. gen. Contributions 
to the knowledge of the Lepidopterous fauna of Amurland, iv,* by L. 
Graeser. Contribution to the knowledge of the singing Cicadas of Africa 
and Madagascar,* by Dr. F. Karsch; 2 plates; 74 species are enumerated; 
shod alate edd Pectira, Musoda n. gen. Description of the colors 


* Contains new species other than North American. 


164 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [December, 


of the larva of Papilio oaynius, by Dr. J. Gundlach. Two new Bupres- 
tids from the Malayan Archipelago,* and Agestrata lata n. sp., by Dr. 
Richter. A new Buprestid from East Africa,* and a new Cetonid from 


East Africa,* by G. Quedenfeldt. Akis Schweinfurthi n. sp., by M. Que- 


denfeldt; from Egypt. 


ANNALEN DES K. K.. NATURHISTORISCHEN HOFMUSEUMS, v, No. 2, 
Wien, 1890.—The Hymenopterous group of the Sphecinze I. Monograph 
of the natural genus Spier L.* (sens. lat.), first part, by F. F. Kohl; 5 
plates; .S. morio, Brit. Columbia; S. prestans, California; S. neoacenus, 
Vancouver island; S. eacisus, Vancouver Island; S. clavipes, Cuba; 5S. 
chrysophorus, Mexico; S. Maximiliani, Mexico; S. spiniger, Mexico, 
Brazil; new species from North America. 


MATERIAUX POUR LA FAUNE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DU LimBouRG, Coleop- 
teres 3e centurie, Hasselt, 1890.—Materiaux pour la Faune Entomolo- 
gique de la Province de Brabant. Coleopteres, .5e centurie, Bruxelles, 
1890; both by A. P. de Borre. 


BULLETINO DELLA SOCIETA ENTOMOLOGICA ITALIANA, xxii, 1890.—On 
a series of newly discovered secretory organs in the silk worm, by E. 
Vernon; 4 plates. Notes on some epizoic insects, by M. Bezzi: Pulex 
tuberculaticeps n. sp. on Ursus arctos L. Studies on some Formicide of 
the Neotropic Fauna, by C. Emery; 5 plates; I. Formicidz of Costa 
Rica, a list of 107 species, with notes, 18 of them new species or races; 
II. On some new species of the genus Pseudomyrma, including new spe- 
cies from Central America, etc.; III. New American forms of the genera 
Strumigenys and Epitritis, etc. 


ARCHIV FUR NATURGESCHICHTE, lvi, 1 band, 2 heft. Published Aug., 
1890. Contains the bibliographical summary for Entomology for 1889, by 
Dr. Ph. Bertkau. 


IL NATURALISTA SICILIANO, ix, 9.—Supplement to the Review of the 
Milabridz (Bruchidz), by F. Baudi. Conspectus of the Scymzenidz col- 
lected by Lotharius Hetschko in Southern Brazil near Blumenau, by E. 
Reitter and F. Croissandreau. 


CompTE RENDU. SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE BELGIGQUE 6 Sept., 
1890.—Psychidological Notes,* by Dr. F. J. M. Heylaerts. Note on the 
Chrysobothridz,* by C. Kerremans; Pseudactenodes n. gen. Description 
of a new species of Elateridz of the genus Dicronychus (Eschscholtz),* 
by G. Dumont. Descriptions of four new species of the family Chryso- 
melidz,* by A. Duvivier. Notes on the Elateridz of Chota-nagpore,* by 
E. Candéze. Causeries Odonatologiques, No. 2, by E. de Selys-Long- 
champs. 


REVUE BIOLOGIQUE DU NorD DE LA FRANCE, October, 1890.—Mate- 
rials for the Entomological fauna of Flanders; 4th century. Coleoptera, 


* Contains new species other than North American. 


oh al 


1890. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 165 


‘ 


by A. P. de Borre. Acarinz observed in France (first list), by R. Monicz. 
Galls observed in the North of France, by H. Fockeu (supplementary 


list). 


SITZUNGSBERICHTE UND ABHANDLUNGEN DER NATURWIS. GESELL. 
Isis IN DRESDEN, 1890, January-June. On mimicry, by Dr. J. Thallwitz; 
contains a number of references to insects. 


BULLETIN DE LA SOCIETE PHILOMATHIQUE DE Paris, 8e serie; II, No. 
3, 1890.—Note on some fossil insects of the coal measures .which bear 
aliform appendages on the prothorax, by C. Brongniart. 


ZOOLOGISCHER ANZEIGER, Oct. 13, 1890.—Analytical chemical re- 
searches on living larve, pupz and butterflies, by E. Verson. 


ANNALES DE LA SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE FRANCE, 6€ serie, ix, 
1889-90.—Coleoptera of the interior of China,* fifth part, by L. Fairmaire; 
Stenonota, Coregrilus, Saliumia, Phyllolytus, Pasurius, Trymatoderus, 
Merarius, Hemadius, Talmonus, Osnaparis, Sepharia, Semacia, Tebalia, 
new genera. Coleoptera of the North of Africa,* by L. Bedel. New, or 
little-known Cucujidz,* seventh memoir, by A. Grouvelle, one plate. 
Lepidopterological Notes, second part, by C. Jourdheuille (on Eupithecia 
valerianata Hiib.). New, or little-known Diptera,* 34th part, by J. F. M. 
Bigot (Empidi); includes the following new species from North America: 
Rhamphomyia Morrissoni, R. pachymera, R. nigrita, R. geniculata. 
Contributions to the Indo-Chinese fauna: first memoir, Cicindelidz and 
Elateridz,* by E. Fleutiaux: second memoir, Hydrocanthares,* by Dr. 
M. Regimbart. Voyage of M. E. Simon to Venezuela: second memoir, 
Coleoptera,* by A. Grouvelle, 1 plate; third memoir, Coleoptera,*# by A. 
Léveillé, fourth memoir, Arachnida,* by E. Simon; Pseudidiops, Pheo- 
clita, Celidotopus, Rhytidicolus, Accola, Psalistops, Stothis, Euthycelus, 
Epipedesis, Adranochelia, Stichoplastus, Ozopactus, Paratropis, Cosmo- 
pelma, new genera; fifth memoir, Coleoptera (Lathridz),* by M. J. Belon. 
Diagnoses cf new, or little-known Lycidz,* sixth part, by J. Bourgeois. 
Expedition of M. Ch. Allaud into the territory of Assinie (West Africa); 
first memoir, Lycidz,* by J. Bourgeois; second memoir, Dytiscidz and 
Gyrinidz,* by Dr. M. Regimbart. Expeditions of M. E. Gounelle to 
Brazil. Temnochilide,* by A. Léveillé. A new Boarmia, etc., by C. 
Blachier, one plate; notes the occurrence of Vanessa virginiensis Dru. 
(Huntera Fab.), in the island of Teneriffe. Contributions to the Indo- 
Chinese fauna; third memoir, Carabide,* by H. W. Bates; Arhytinus n. 
gen.; fourth memoir, Cryptocephalidz, Clytride and Eumolpide,* by E. 
Lefevre. Expedition of M. C. Allaud- into Assinie, etc.; fifth memoir, 
Eumolpide, by E. Lefevre. Contributions to the Indo-Chinese fauna; 
sixth memoir, Galerucide and Alticide,* by E. Allard. New, or little- 
known Diptera,* 35th part, by J. F. M. Bigot (Cyrtidi). Voyage of M. E. 
Simon to Venezuela; sixth memoir, Clytride, Lamprosomide and 


* Contains new species other than North American. 


166 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ December, 


Eumolpide,* by E. Lefevre; Zphyrea n. gen. Descriptions of a new 
genus, and of some new species of Phytophagous Coleoptera (Eumol- 
pidz),* by E. Lefevre; Zaurus n. gen., Alethaxius tuberculifer, Mexico, 
n. sp. Entomology at the Universal Exposition of 1889, by A. Léveillé. 
List of the Coleoptera of Guadaloupe and descriptions of new species, 
by E. Fletiaux and A. Sallé; 517 species are listed. Contributions to the 
Indo-Chinese fauna: sixth memoir, Sagridz, Crioceridee, Chrysomelidz, 
Hispide,* by Dr. J. S. Baly. Notice on the genus Lep/arctia Stretch, G. - 
H. French; describes some new North American varieties. From the 
bulletins of this society we note the following: /vosis,* Mabille (n. gen. 
Lepid.); /schyropteron,* Bigot (n. gen. Diptera); Sarothroceras,* Mabille 
(n. gen. Lepid.); Zssacaris,* Fairmaire (n. gen. Coleop.); Phelister un- 
cistrius, Marseul (n. sp. Coleop.), Guatemala. Choristoneura,* Mabille 
(n. gen. Lepid.); Ayda,* Stethotrix,* Dis,* Mabille (n. gen. Lepid.); 
Malthodes ligulifer Bergroth (n. sp. Coleop.), California; Palibothra,* 
Papua* Ragonot (n. gen. Phycite). A catalogue of the French species — 
of Cerambycide is published in this volume. 


ANNALES DE LA SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE BELGIQUE, XXxili.— 
Monograph of the European species and those inhabiting neighboring 
countries of the genus 7iphia Fab.,* byH Tournier. Notes on the Per- 
lide described by Dr. Rambur, by H. Albarda. Note on Teniopterya 
nebulosa L.. and 7. pretextata Burm., by H. Albarda, pl. 1. New Ela- 
teridze, by E. Candeze (see Ent. NEws, i, p. 53). Documents for a mono- 
graph of the Ichneumonidz of Asiatic Russia,* by Dr. J. Tosquinet. Cata- 
logue of the Coleoptera of the family Gyrinidz, by G. Severin; 303 species — 
are listed. PI. Il figures the interesting Odonat, Palcophlebia superstes 
Selys. ' 

MEMOIRS DE LA SOCIETE ZOOLOGIQUE DE FRANCE, iii, parts 2 and 3, 
1890.—Phosphorescence in myriapods of the family Geophilidz, by J. — 
Gazagnaire. 

BIBLIOTHECA ZOOLOGICA II. VERZEICHNISS DER SCHRIFTEN UBER 
ZOOLOGIE WELCHE IN DEN PERIODISCHEN WERKEN ENTHALTEN UND 
VoM JAHRE 1861-80, SELBSTSTANDIG ERSCHIENEN SIND. . . . von Dr. O. 
Taschenberg; 8th Lieferung, signatur 281-320. Leipzig, Engelman, 1890, 
pp. 2291-2610 (List of the publications on Zoology which are contained in 
periodicals and have appeared separately, from 1861-80). This “ Liefe- 
rung”’ finishes the Hymenoptera and begins the Coleoptera. 

Les ABEILLES.—Organes et Fonctions, Education et Produits, Miel et 
Cire, par Maurice Girard, Docteur des Sciences Naturelles, etc.; Avec 85, 
figures dans le texte, 3e Edition Paris: J. B. Bailliere et Fils, 1890 (Biblio- 
theque Scientifique Contemporaine). 

ZOOLOGISCHER ANZEIGER, Oct. 20, 1890.—The losing of liquid in but- 
terflies after their imagonation, by Dr. J. Frenzel. The odorous glands of 
Aphlebia bivittata Brullé (Blattidz), of Teneriffe, by Dr. H. Krauss. 


* Contains new species other than North American. 


vee CO 


1890. } ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 167 


Doings of Societies. 


(Continued from p. 152, vol. i.) 

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB OF THE A. A. A. S. OF 
INDIANAPOLIS, 1890.—Dr. Weed presented a short paper on the habits of 
Lixus concavus. 

Prof. Hargitt called attention to early observations on the Canker-worm. 
He also spoke of a Cecidomyia infesting the tops of So/idago, and also 
presented ‘‘ Notes upon Cermatia forceps.” 

Prof. Webster spoke of the predaceous habits of Cermatia and its prey- 
ing upon the Croton bug. Mr. Fletcher had observed the insect with Mr. 
Howard at Washington. Its mode of capturing the Croton bug before 
devouring it was remarkable. It sprang over its prey, which was thus 
encaged between many curved legs. He thought that Mr. Hargitt’s suc- 
cess in keeping alive the specimens he had confined in a tin canister, was 
more due to the moisture thus secured than the darkness. He under- 
stood that this insect was a lover of damp places, like many other myriopods. 

The Club then proceeded to the election of officers for the ensuing year, 
which resulted as follows: 

President, Prof. Herbert Osborn, Aaies, Iowa. 
Vice-President, Miss Mary E. Murtfeldt, Kirkwood, Mo. 
Secretary, Clarence M. Weed, Columbus, Ohio. 

Prof. Osborn presented a Peper on ‘‘ The use of Contagious Diseases 
in destroying Injurious insects.”’ 

Prof. Atkinson spoke of some insects-of Alabama. 

Dr. Weed read a short paper on the oviposition of Dectes spinosus in 
Ambrosia trifiida. 

Prof. Cook presented some notes on the insects of the year. He said 


_ Cut-worms and Saw-flies had been yery injurious. The larve of 4geria 


tipuliformis was attacked with a fungus growth like that attacking the 
white grub. The foliage of the quince and cherry were injured by the 
first brood of larvze of Cherry Slug. Road dust was applied with excel- 
lent results. Dr. Weed presented a short paper on Psephenus lecontet, 
which, he stated, he had found on the shores of Lake Erie. 
Club adjourned to meet in connection with the A.A. A. S. next year. 
F. H. WEBSTER, 
Secretary. 


THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, Oct. 2, 1890.—Messrs. 
J. M. Stedman, Nathan Banks and F. W. Mally, were elected members 
of the Society. 

Under exhibition of specimens and notes, Dr. Fox exhibited a specimen 
of asmall spider, belonging to the genus Zfisivus, which was stated by 
Dr. Marx to be an undescribed species. 

Dr. Marx called attention to two spiders new to our fauna, one belong- 
ing to the European genus //isfopona taken at Penn-Mar, and also re- 
ceived from South Florida, and the other, a new genus, of uncertain po- 


168 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. _ [December, 


sition, but possibly allied to the Agalenidz, represented by a single speci- 
men taken on the grounds of the Department. 

Mr. Marlatt exhibited a specimen of 7rypeta equatis Lw., which he 
had bred from seed-pods of z-anthium, and the larval habit of which he 
had described at a previous meeting of the Society. 

Mr. Marlatt then presented a paper on ‘‘Some observations on the 
habits of Vespa germanica and V. cuneata.”’ The feeding and nesting 
habits, particularly of the first-named species, were described. Three 
kinds of nests were:mentioned, viz.: the very rare zrial ones, those be- 
neath stumps or stones, and those in open ground; the latter being much 
the more common. Various insect and mammalian enemies of these 
wasps were alluded to together with the means employed to destroy the 
nests when their proximity to dwellings renders them objectionable. Dis- 
cussed by Messrs. Howard, Schwarz, Fox, Dodge, Stedman, Marlatt and 
others. 

Mr. Howard read a paper entitled, “A new remarkable genus of En- 
cyrtinze,”’ in which he characterized a new genus and species which pos- 
sesses the peculiar ramose antennz hitherto peculiar, in the subfamily 
Encyrtine, to 7etracnemus diversicornis of Westwood. Mr. Howard 
has named the genus Zanaostigma and the species 7. coursetie from 
Coursetia (?) mexicana, a rare leguminous plant, collected in the Alamos 
Mountains, Mexico, by Dr. Edward Palmer, and in the ovaries and stigma 
of which the insect breeds. Discussed by Messrs. Schwarz, Howard and 
Marlatt. 

Dr. Marx favored the Society with an account of his recent experiments 
to determine whether the bite of Latrodectus mactauns is poisonous or not. 
He describes the poison glands of Latrodectus, which are very small. 
He had introduced the poison in various ways into guinea-pigs and rab- 
bits without obtaining any satisfactory results, and proposed to vary and 

continue his experiments to put the matter of the supposed poisonous 
nature of the bite of this spider, if possible, beyond doubt. Discussed 
by Messrs. Schwarz, Howard, Fox and Marlatt. : 

- Mr. Ulke, who was present, gave an interesting description of the habits 
of Yachys incurvus Say, which he had found in numbers in the nests of 
ants, and which is the first Caraéid to be determined as truly myrmeco- 
philous. He also described the habits of certain myrmecophelous Staphy- 
linidze, and exhibited a small collection of Coleoptera made by T. Ulke,- 
illustrating the local fauna of the Black Hills district. Discussed by 
Messrs. Schwarz, Howard and Marx. 

In connection with the subject of local faunas, Mr. J. B. Smith’s recent 

catalogue of the insects of New 4ereny was taken up and discussed at © 
length by the Society. 

Mr. Townsend submitted by publication a generic synopsis of the first 
five families of the N. A. Calyptrate Muscidz. 


C. L. MARLATT, ; 
ae Recording Secretary. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws for November was mailed October 30, 1590. 


. 


Entomological News 


AND 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION 


OF THE 


ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 


OF 


PHILADELPHIA. 


© ne 


VOLUME Il, 1891. 


EDITOR : 
HENRY SKINNER, M.D. 


ADVISORY COMMITTEE: 


Gro. H. Horn, M.D. CHARLES A. BLAKE. 
Ezra T. CRESSON. PHILIP P. CALVERT. 


A 
Vv 


PHILADELPHIA: 
ENTOMOLOGICAL ROOMS OF 
THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, 


LOGAN SQUARE. 
oP \4" 
18gI. Ly ie 
4 


INDEX TO VOLUME II. 


GENERAL ENTOMOLOGY. 


A Conjecture ; 200 

Doings of Societies 18, 60; 80, 99, 
126, 146, 168, 187, 212. 

Edwards, Henry, . 129, 138 

Electric Light as an Insecticide 33 

Elementary Entomology 8, 27, 46, 
66. 

Entomological Literature 14, 37, 56, 
78, 95, 123, 141, 164, 183, 209. 


Exceptional Insccts . 208 
Excursion : 121, 139 
Forest Plague in Bavaria . . 34 
Hop Louse, Phorodan humuli. 34 
Humors of Collecting . . . 33 
Identification of Insects 14, 36, 55, 
78, 95, 123, 209. 
Immigration Theory, Another. 30 
Insects at Electric Light . . 77 
Mimicry 81, 93, 209 


Notes and News 12, 32, 51, 76, 91, 
II9, 138, 160, I79, 206. 
Obituary 40, 80, 100, 128, 168, 188 


Peach Yellows, cause of. . 206 
Photography in arated . 189 
Rocks... : 153 


Spider Fisherman, A. me. 77 
Spiders Described by Hentz . 84 


Spiders, synonymical notes. . 193 
Stephani picta 206 
Value of Types 139 
COLEOPTERA. 
ADisplacement .... . 54 
I gg re BM 
Cicindelatortuosa ... . 32 
ee... 13 
Heterius brunnipennis . 120 


Heterocerus pusilus. . . . 54 


Lachnosterna insperata, Sra- 


terna - ‘ D355 
Limnichus Sanctates : es ae 
Megilla maculata . ae 4 
Notes on Coleoptera . + @1, 54 
Phillie ak 8 as at ev 54 
Plastocerus Schaumii, pupa . 112 
Polycesta elata, \arva . . 106 
Sphenophorus minimus . 5 EF 
Through the Pinal Mountains . 130 
Trap for capturing C. . . . 82 
Trichodes ornatus. . ... ©& 
DIPTERA. 

Dasyllis thoracica apes 
Coleoptera 162 
Exorista esobhani: n. Sos, 197 
Exorista parasitic on Lagoa . 159 
E. lagoe n. sp. 159 


New Hippoboscid from Mexico 105 
Trichobius n. g., T. Du- 


gestin. sp. . . 106 
Syrphid pupz in cactus . 162 
HYMENOPTERA. 

Ants as Surgeons x ee 92 
Cocoon spinning of Iclineunion 169 
East African Hymenoptera. . 42 

Sphex Abbotiin.sp. . . 42 
Eee. 53 
Flalictus confusus. . . . . 54 
Habits of Bees. . . 5A 
Hymenopterological Notes . . 194 
Larra aurantia n. sp. . 194 
L. punctifrons n. sp. . 194 


New species of Ripsuonidie: ae 
Bothynostethus distinctus . 31 


LEPIDOPTERA. 
Aberrations of well-known L. 150 


Aegeride, new. . . . 107 
Trochilium cal ilteiceinn 5 108 
T. minimum es >. ee 
Larunda palmti. . . . 108 
Albuna vitrina . . . . 109 
Aletia argillacea . ... . 1 
Amphion nessus . . . . 121, 207 
An@a... ee 
Apatura ciytoa I 
Argynnisidalia . . . . . Yai 
Caligo atratus . . . . 149 
Callydryas eubule in Missouri « 117 
Catocale, Hunting ... . 62 
C. habilis, larvae. . \. . 90°94 
Citheronia regalis. 1, 13, 21, 151 
Colias c@sonia. . . 27 RS 
Composia fidelissima vs. C. 
olympiae ae Se AD 
Dilophonota caicus ... . . 123 
Diphthera festiva elegans . 92, 122 
Eacles imperialis . . . . . 150 
Early stages of some Moths . 152 
Ecpantheria scribonia . . . 76 
Electric lights, L.at . . . . 23 


Elementary Entomology 89, IIo, 
137, 1575 177, 196. 


Effects of storms on larve. . 51 
Euglyphia fastuosa . . . . 122 
E. haroglyphisa . . 76, 92, 122 
Erebus odora ...... 76 
E. zenobia aes Ss ee 
Euclea, E.nanan.sp. . . . 61 
Gluphisia avimacula n. sp. . 155 
Gnophela Clappianan. sp. . 156 
Hesperide, new African . . 3 
Proteides galua ... + 3 
P. benga = Seas ae 
P. balengée: . ae. Te 
Homohadenainfixa . . . . 206 
Inguromorpha Slossonit . . 71 
ve... le 
Lepisesia flavofasciata, early 
_ stages _ 87, 109 
Liparis monacha . . . . . 34 


List of N. Amer. Butterflies 20, i 


pal INDEX. 


Mimicry of Danais archippus ‘ 


93, 209. 
Monoleuca subdentosa n. sp. 


Neonympha Mitchelti . . . 13 
New Lepidoptera. . . . . 102 


Hypolycena festata. . . 102 
Lemonias maxima. . . 104 


Packardia .. por 
Pamphila péntipsincilae Nn. sp. 175 
Paphia troglodyta . - 43, 175 
Papilio anchisiades . . . . 52 
PP: turnus. . 2“ 5. eee 
Parasa .. a 
P. chloris, food plaaie of ei 6 208 
Philampelus vitis . . . . . 76 
Philegethontius cingulata . . 76 
Phragmatobia assimilans . . 2 

Jranconia n. var.. . 3, 41, 139 
Platycerura furcilla . . . . 33 
Platysamia Gloveri ese 
Psyche confederata sae 


Random notesonL.. . . . 158 
Retinia Comstockiana . . . 33 


Satyrus alope: sii ae 
Seasonal notes. . MRT 
Sphingidz of Colotads WS. 5 age 
Sphinx quinquemaculata . . 13 
Spilosoma nities early 
Stages » 2 ERS 


Telea polyphemus on White 
Birch . 94 
Terias nicippe on Long Island. 171 
Vanessa californica . . . «123 
Viurtice. . se 


NEUROPTERA. 
Anax junius, early stages . . 179 
Contribution to Maine Odonata 
5°, 73. 


Dragonfly with abnormal wing. 35 _ 


List of Maine Dragonflies ... 11 
Mt. Desert Dragonflies . 
Ortholestes n. gen. 


O. claran.sp.. . . 3m 


. 182 


94 


52 
1:200 
. >) Sa 
aM, 61, 115, 156 
7I 

. 180 
31, 42, 194 

2 . 161 
- 54, 113, 135 
- §°, 73 
+ 3, 156 
e121 

6 


- 155 


INDEX. ii 


Johnson, J. S., . 51, 62, 76 

Kellicott, D. S., . 33, 122, 209 

Kunze, R. E., 53, 93, 94, 121, 122, 
171, 207, 208, 209. 


Laurent, v3 : 32, 33, 180 
Liebeck, C., . Te Pies.) $4, T20 
Longe, sows . . 76 
Lugger, O., . pie ts ay 
Martindale L C, 139 
Mason, J. T., . 76, 153 
Mitchell, I. N., 08g, 109,/T23 


Neumoegen, B., 107, 122, 123, 150, 
161, 175. 


Osborn, H., ke Sa, 6 7 
Ottolengui, R., . . 23, 76° 
Patton, W. H., . . . 206 
Potts, geen - 53, 54 
Rolfs, Peaaeen-. sities £9 


Rowley, R. R.,. hae 117, 133 
Skinner, H., 1, 12, pe 89, 92, I10, 
129, 137, 157, 158, 175, 177, 196. 


Slosson, Mrs. A. T., . . 2, 41, 139 
Summers, H. E., . . 206 
Thompson, J. C., . . 162 
Todd, A., " cum,” | 
Townsend, c. H. T. Ag tek ike 197 
Van Denburg, M. W . 169 
Van Duzee, E. P., =) P.' 30 
Wadsworth, MissM.,. . . . 11 
Weeks, A. G., Jr., . 102 
Wickham, H. F., . 130 
Williston, S. W., . 162 


‘(WAUW1) SITVOSY VWINOYSZHLIO 
‘IIe ‘II IOA ‘'SAAOCN UG 


kee a 


+? 
5 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION, 


ACADEMY NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. 


Vou. it. _ JANUARY, 18o1. No. 1. 
CONTENTS: 

Remarks on IIlustration.............::0+0+++ I : Wadsworth—Dragonflies of Maine...... II 

Slosson—Phragmatobia assimilans........ 2 | Notes and News 12 

Holland—African Hesperide............... 3 | Entomological Literature............000:0++ 14 

Horn—Trichodes ornatus..........--.ssssss 6 | Doings:Of Societics..............c0seccesseseee 18 

P. P. C.—Elementary Entomology....... 8 | SupPRRBBRiited sess =<26200vevecorecseoss secon see i 


Oor illustration represents the ‘‘ Hickory-horned devil’’ just as 
he appears when in search of a place to undergo his transforma- 
tion into a chrysalis. He was found August 7th, crawling on the 
turnpike, by Julius F. Sachse; editor of the ‘‘ American Journal 
of Photography,’ who put him on a gate-post, and did him the 
honor of taking his picture. We are indebted to Mr. Sachse for 
kindly loaning us the plate for the News. “‘ Every entomologist 
recognizes the difficulty experienced in attempting to preserve 
specimens of the larvee of moths and butterflies; even under the 
most favorable circumstances the prepared specimens shrivel and 
lose their color. Heretofore, drawings have been made of the 
larva, a proceeding expensive, and often unsatisfactory. It is here 
where photography asserts its superiority—for example, we will 
take the illustration: It would be an easy matter to stop out the 
negative, print on heavy, plain paper, and then lightly tint with 
proper shades in water colors.’’* The reproduction is by the 
Ives process, the engraving by the Crosscup & West Co., and 
the printing by P. C. Stockhausen. We hope to give illustra- 
tions in volume 2 very frequently, and trust to receive the sup- 
port of those interested in Entomology so that this may be done. 


* J. F. Sachse, in the “‘ American Journal of Photography,” September, 1890. 


I 


2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.  CJanuary, 


The News is supplied at such a reduced figure as to make it pos: " 


sible for all to subscribe. We have increased its size to twenty % } 


pages, and, should the subscription-list justify it, we will make 
it even larger. Nothing will be left undone toward increasing its - 
value and usefulness. Suggestions from subscribers, indicating 
how it may be improved for their benefit, will be thane e- 
peived by the Committee.—Eb. : 


O 


PHRAGMATOBIA ASSIMILANS Walker. 


BY ANNIE TRUMBULL SLOSSON. 


About a year and a half ago I described (‘‘ Ento. Amer.*’ 
May, 1889) the rediscovery, at Franconia, N. H., of this inter- 
esting species. 

It will be remembered that, among Walker’s types in British 
Museum, there are two forms under this name, marked respec- 
tively, A. and B. One of these forms is thus described (I will 
not apologise for repeating the description, as it has not been 
printed recently): 

‘* Male.—Red. Antenne testaceous. Thorax with brown 
hairs. Wings red, veins darker. Primaries slightly brown along 
the costa and elsewhere indistinctly sprinkled with pale brown; 
with two blackish dots. Secondaries brighter red, with three 
black dots, two in disc and one near hind border towards inner 
angle. Length of body, 6 lines; of wings, 16 lines.’’ “As I said 
in my former paper my moth, taken at Franconia, May, 1886, 
corresponds in every respect with this description, save that it is 
a female and larger. 

Of the other form Walker says: ‘‘ Var.—Primaries almost 
wholly brown. Secondaries with broad, blackish, submarginal 
stripe.”’ rae 

This last variety I was so fortunate as to capture this year at 
Franconia. It is, like the one taken two years before, a female, 
in fine condition, having evidently just emerged. It differs from 
the first one not only by its blackish, irregular border on hind _ 
wings, and its somewhat darker primaries, but in having two ~ 
diffuse, dark, transverse lines on fore wings, which are but faintly 
suggested in the other. I do not find that this species of Walker's 
is represented in any collection, except that of the British Mu- 
seum, where the types—two worn and damaged specimens, I am 


1891. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. > 3 


“told; are kept. Its rarity is, probably, to be attributed to its 


habitat and very early appearance. Both my specimens were 
taken in very cold weather, in a season in which few entomolo- 
gists ever visit the mountain region of New Hampshire. The 
last one was found sitting on the floor of our piazza, near the light, 
just before midnight of the 24th of May. The thermometer at 
the time was below 48°, and there was still much snow on the 
mountains and in the woods. ; 

_ I do not think that any one could examine these specimens of © 
mine and doubt their belonging to Walker’s species, which, as 
Prof. J. B. Smith says (** Can. Ent.’’ xxii, 120), ‘‘ has languished 
among the synonyms, ever since Dr. Packard referred it there in 


'1884.’’ They are certainly not 7wdvicosa Harris. Dr.. Packard, 


himself, to whom entomology owes so much, and who is fairness 
and justice personified, would, I know, acknowledge this if he 
saw the two forms together. Prof. Smith, in the paper referred to 
above, recognizes the species on the ground, as he seems to inti- 
mate, of my rediscovery. 

As the varietal form—with band on secondaries—has apparently 
received no name, being marked simply B in British Museum 
collections, and as it is a very distinct and strongly-marked form, 
I propose to call it Phragmatobia franconia n. var., and shall de- 
seribe it more fully soon; with plate, if possible, under that name. 


O 


DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN 
HESPERIDA. 


BY REV. W. J. HOLLAND. 


(Continued from vol. i, p. 156.) 
4. Proteides galua n. sp. 

Upperside: Ground color dark brown, fading into slightly paler 
fuscous at the apex of the primaries. The thorax and the base 
of the wings clothed with a vestiture of greenish brown hairs. 
Primaries ornamented by a series of subapical spots, of which 
the one furthest from the costa is the largest. The outer third 


of the cell is occupied by a large trapezoidal spot. Near the 


junction of the second and third median nervules is a much 
smaller subquadrate spot, followed in the next neural interspace, 
between the first and second median nervules by a very large sub- 


4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ January, 


trapezoidal spot, which is succeeded between the first median 
nervule and the submedian vein by a small triangular spot. This 
last spot is followed upon the same neural interspace by a still 
smaller spot lying near the base, and partly concealed by the 
hairy vestiture. Secondaries-ornamented by a band of five yel- 
low spots separated by the nervures and traversing the wing for 
about half its diameter in a line nearly at right angles with the 
posterior margin. The three outermost of these spots gradually 
diminish toward the interior, the last two are much longer, and 
the band has thus imparted to it a sinuate appearance. There is 
also a small yellow streak in the cell partly concealed beneath the 
vestiture of the wing. All the spots in the anterior wing are 


yellow hyaline, except the small triangular spot near the base — 


above submedian vein. This spot and all the spots in the secon- 
daries are opaque. The fringe of the secondaries near the anal 
angle is white. | ; 

Underside: The primaries are rich maroon, interrupted on the 
costa at the end of the cell by a pearly gray patch, and by the 
hyaline spots which reappear as on the upper surface. The apex 
is lavender, with three oval spots of maroon on the outer margin. 
The posterior margin is broadly ashen gray; the costa at the 
base is white. The secondaries are dark lavender-gray, orna- 
mented at the base by an oval spot and in the middle by a very 
large and irregular spot of deep maroon margined with pinkish 
gray; the palpi are white beneath. The thorax and abdomen are 
dark brown; the antennz are dark above and light beneath, as 
in most of the species of this genus. 

The female does not differ materially from the male, except in 
being larger, and the markings more sharply defined upon the 
underside. 

Flab.—Valley of the Ogove. Types in coll. Holland. 

I give this species the name Ga/uwa after the tribe of the Galwas. 


5. P. benga n. sp. 

Upperside: The body and wings are uniformly brown, slightly 
paler on the outer margin; the fringes of the secondaries are 
narrowly white. The middle of the primaries is adorned by a 
broad subquadrate band of hyaline yellow divided into three 
spots by the nervures. Of these three the uppermost, situated 
at the end of the cell, is outwardly bifid, with the tips of the bi- 

® 


ae 


1891. } ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 5 


furcation rounded. A round, velvety, sexual band occupies the 
centre of the secondaries in the case of the male. 

Underside: The lower side of the wings is as the upper, save 
that the costa of both the primaries and secondaries is washed 
with ochreous. Palpi pale gray beneath. 

The female does not differ from the male, except in having a 
small lanceolate hyaline spot on the middle of the upper side of 
the submedian vein in the primaries. Expanse 2, 45 mm.; 9, 
48 mm. 

Hab.—Ogove Valley, Benita. Type in coll. Holland. 

I name this species after the Benga, a tribe on the mainland 
near Benita. 


6. P. balenge n. sp. 

One of the largest species of the genus. 

Upperside: Head, thorax, abdomen and wings, rich dark 
brown throughout, only fading a little at the apical extremity of 
the primaries into paler brown. Anferior wings ornamented as 
follows: at the costa, about one-third from the tip of the wings, 
there is a subapical series of four small white hyaline spots, the 
first of which is short, the second elongated, the third like the 
first, and the fourth, which is slightly removed from the rest, 
small and quadrate. There are, further, four large yellow hyaline 
spots, the largest, which is quadrilateral at the end of the cell, 
and the other three, which are subquadrate, arranged in a series 
upon the limbal area, on the interspaces between the median 
nervules. Upon the fostertor wings there is a triangular spot of 
the same color as those upon the disc of the primaries located 
beyond the end of the cell. 

Underside: The ground color is fuscous, clouded at the base 
of the primaries and upon the secondaries by dark brown. The 
spots of the upper surface all reappear upon the lower side, and 
there are in addition the following markings: Upon the primaries 
at the base upon the costa a white spot, beyond it about one-third 
of the distance from the base a white mark, at the middle of the 
costa above the large quadrate hyaline spot in the cell two small 
Sagittate white marks, and at the apex a series of poorly defined 
lunulate marks also white; upon the secondaries there are two 
very small and indistinct white spots at the base, one small and 
sharply defined spot on the disc between the costal and subcostal 


6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ January, 


nerves, a similar spot in the cell, and one like it between the 
second and third median nervules. The fringe at the anal angle 
is narrowly white; the underside of the palpi is cinereous, and 
the lower side of the abdomen is annulated with white. Expanse 
of wings 68 mm. 

Hlab.—Benita. Type ¢? in coll. Holland. 

I name this species after the Balenge, a tribe found near Benita. 


t). 


TRICHODES ORNATUS Say. 


BY GEO. H. HORN, M. D. 


In consequence of some correspondence lately had in refer- 
ence to this insect and the apparent incredulity that two forms 
seen, which differ less than any two figures on the subjoined il- 
lustration, were merely varietal differences, I have thought it 
desirable to select a few forms illustrative of variation in two 
directions from the typical form. 

The thorax varies in color from blue to green, through brassy 
and cupreous. The elytra are usually deep blue or blue-black, but 
may be bright blue or green. The pale bands are of a Cicindeloid 
type, and may be bright yellow or orange-yellow. The legs are 
blue, the anterior four tarsi: pale, but those specimens with the 
wider bands of yellow often have pale tibiz also. 


On the accompanying illustration are five specimens selected 
from my series showing the extent of variation in the markings. 
The central figure is the common form in the region from which 
Say obtained his specimens, near the base of the Rocky Moun- 
tains. The humeral and the median band are often united along 
the outer side. Fig. 2 represents a form quite usual in Owen’s 
Valley, Cal., and western Nevada, the yellow being quite equal 


to the blue color. Fig. 3 shows a form from Utah in which the 


* 


1891. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. F 


humeral and median bands have coalesced into a large pale area 
enclosing but slight trace of the blue in the form of a spot and 
two short lines. - This is the most extreme form I have yet seen 
in the direction of the expansion of the yellow bands. 

Fig. 4 represents a contraction of the bands, the humeral 
breaking up, while the other two do not reach the lateral margin, 
several specimens from Oregon illustrate this. In fig. 5 the elytra 
are entirely blue or green, with a small post-median spot of ob- 
liquely oval form. The spot varies in size and position, and from 
the indications I have no doubt that specimens will occur with 
elytra entirely blue. These one-spotted specimens must not be 
mistaken for dzsignatus, which has quite a large spot of red color 
contiguous to the margin and other specific characters. 

As a rule, the hotter the climate in which the specimens were 
native, the greater the extent of the yellow color; those repre-_ 
sented by fig. 3 are from the extreme southwest of Utah. In 
colder, and especially damper climates, the blue color predomi- 
nates; figs. 4 and 5 are from Oregon, although typical forms 
occur abundantly there also. 

The variety ‘ene//us is from San Diego and Fort Yuma, in 
California. Its form is more slender than normal, and the mark- 
ings are as in fig. 2, although a little wider, showing less blue. 

In continuation of the same idea I reproduce the illustrations 


| | 
i 


of the variations of the elytral markings of two species of Psoa 
published by me in the ‘‘ Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.”’ 1886, p. xv. 


OWED ape 


@ ) 


tes = 


NF 


8 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ January, 


The upper line represents P. maculata; the lower, P. guadri- 
signata. The genus Psoa, although belonging to the Bostri- 
chinze, resembles Trichodes in form, the elytra having a ground 
color of blue or green, the markings yellowish to red. The 
markings of guadrisignata are suggestive of 7richodes ornatus in 
the fourth figure, while #aculata is rather of a vittate type. 

It is hoped that these notes and figures will be at least caution- 
ary to those who see in slight differences of the metallic surface 
lustre, or the extent of markings a sure indication of a new 
species. 


ELEMENTARY ENTOMOLOGY. 


Seventh Paper.—THE ABDOMEN—INTERNAL ANATOMY. 


The third and last region of the body is the abdomen. The 
abdominal segments are not so closely united to each other as 
are the segments of the head and the thorax; they consequently 
possess a freedom of motion between themselves not to be found 
in the two former regions of the body. 

The abdominal segments sometimes receive the special name 
of urifes. Their typical number is eleven (Packard), but in 
different insects varies from three to eleven. 

Besides the three pairs of jointed legs, situated near the front 
end of the body, and which correspond to the (thoracic) legs of 
the imago, many larve have other thicker, fleshy legs, termed 
prolegs, prop-legs, or false legs. The prop-legs are not jointed, 
and end in a circle of minute hooks; they are placed on that 
part of the larva corresponding to the abdomen of the imago, in 
which state they are not usually represented. The nymphz of 
those insects which undergo only an incomplete transformation 
have six jointed, thoracic legs. Of the larve that undergo a 
complete transformation, some have no legs, as maggots; others 

_have six jointed, thoracic legs; others still, as caterpillars, have 
six jointed, thoracic legs, and from ten to sixteen jointless, ab- 
dominal prop-legs. Some of those insects which do not pass 
through any transformation have jointed abdominal legs; in this 
particular they differ from the definition of an insect as given in 
the first paper. 

» In many insects which have an incomplete transidleeene 
there is in the nymph a pair of jointed appendages to the last 


' 1891. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 9 


abdominal segment. These are represented in the correspond- 
ing imagos, in which state they much resemble antennz; they 
are called anal forceps, cerci, or caudal sete. Male insects have 
sometimes one or two pairs of jointless claspers at the apex of the 
abdomen. Female insects may have the abdomen furnished with 
a sawing, piercing, or boring organ—the ovdpositor, by which the 
eggs are implanted into various substances. A séing is an ovi- 
positor modified to form an organ of defence; it exists in females 
only, of some insects. Cornicles, nectaries, sithuncles, or honey 
tubes, are small tubes, two in number, found on the abdomen of 
plant-lice and certain other insects, through which a liquid 
’ (‘‘ honey-dew’’) is secreted. 


With this we complete our sketch of the external anatomy of 
insects. Their internal anatomy is hardly an elementary study, 
owing to its difficulty, but from its importance it cannot be over- 
looked here. 

~ If a cross-section were made of the body of a cat, or other 
back-boned animal, the relative positions of the main nerve 
(spinal) cord, the main blood vessel (aorta) and the alimentary 
canal would be seen to be as follows. The most dorsal of the 
three would be the nerve cord; below it, that is, on its ventral 
side, would be the main blood vessel; below the latter would be 
the alimentary canal, the most ventral of the three. These po- 
sitions would, of course, be equally true for the human species. 

But the relative positions of these three great organs in Ar- 
thropods (and consequently in insects) is different. - Here the 
main blood vessel is the most dorsal, below it is the alimentary 
canal, below the latter is the nerve cord, which is here the most 
ventral of the three. 

The body wall of an insect is made up of three (microscopic) 
+, layers, — 

1. An outer chitinous layer, or cuticle. 

: 2. A median cellular layer, or hypodermis. 
a 3. An inner layer, or dasal membrane. 
a The alimentary canal has its beginning at the mouth opening 


eR ye . 
Le and extends as a more or less convoluted tube, divided into va- 


rious parts, through the length of the body, to its external open- 
ing (anus) in the apex of the abdomen. The principal parts of 
the canal are the pharynx, situated within the head, connected 


10 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ January, 


by the slender esophagus with the crop, situated in the thorax, 
or more posteriorly. Following the crop is the proventriculus, or 
gizzard, a grinding organ with strong muscular walls. The 
stomach, ventriculus, or chylific ventricle succeeds, situated in the 
abdomen. After this is the étestine, which may sometimes be 
subdivided into three parts, the z/ewm, or small intestine (imme- 
diately following the stomach), the co/on, or large (thicker) in- 
testine, and the vecfum, or terminal part. The crop and gizzard 
are sometimes absent. 

The alimentary canal is composed of three coats, the outer, 
or peritoneal, the middle, or muscular, and the inner, or mucous. 
The canal is held in place by retractor muscles, but principally 
by exceeding numerous branches of the main trachez (Packard). 

The appendages of the alimentary canal are the sa/ivary, the 
cecal, and the anal glands, and the malpighian vessels. The 
salivary glands open near the mouth. In some larve (caterpil- 
lars) they are the source of the silk. The cecal glands open 
into the stomach ; their secretion resembles the pancreatic secre- 
tion of backboned animals. The anal glands open into the hind 
part of the intestine; their secretion is usually offensive and con- 
stitutes an organ of defense. The malpighian vessels are long, 
slender tubes opening into the fore part of the ileum; they are 
analogous to the kidneys of higher vessels. Insects have no 
true liver, its functions being performed by the walls of the 
stomach (Siebold quoted by Packard). - 

The circulatory system consists of a dorsal vessel or heart, an 
aorta, and a few branches of the latter.. The heart is a jointed 
organ of a varying number of chambers, one behind the other, 
corresponding in position to the segments (of the fore part of the 
abdomen) in which they are situated.. The chambers are sepa- 
rated by valves permitting motion in but one direction—from 
behind forwards. A pair of lateral valves in each chamber allows 
entrance, but prevents exit. The heart is contained in a cavity— 
the pericardial sinus, separated from the other organs by a mem- 
brane—the fericardial diaphragm, pierced by many openings. 
At its fore end the heart opens into the aorta, a simple tube run- 
ning to the head where it may or may not divide into short 
branches. In either case the vessels apparently end in the head 
as open tubes. The circulation is believed to be as follows: 
By the successive contraction of the chambers of the heart, the 


Ee ee: I Gon 


1891. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. II 


blood is forced forwards from the hind into the fore chambers 
and thence into the aorta. When the blood reaches the end of 
blood vessels in the head it passes from them directly into the 
body cavity, bathing the internal organs, flowing in regular cur- 
rents, but not enclosed by walls. Finally, it passes through the 
openings of the pericardial diaphragm, and enters the heart 
through the lateral openings of the chambers. 

The blood consists of a usually colorless, or sometimes yellow- 
ish, greenish, or reddish liquid, in which float colorless, some- 
times nucleated corpuscles. Pa Pic. 


ray 
Vv 


Additions and Corrections to the list of Dragonflies 
(Odonata) of Manchester, Kennebec Co., Maine. 


BY MISS MATTIE WADSWORTH. 
(See ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws vol. i, pp. 36, 55-) 

la. Calopteryx eequabilis Say. 

1890, June 21, one 8 taken near brook. 
6a. Enallagma ebrium Hagen. 

A single & taken several years ago, recently identified. 
6b. Enallagma civile Hagen. 

One 3, also recently identified. 
16a. Neurzeschna vinosa Say. 

1890, August 11, one $ flying over brook. 
18a. Gomphus (Undetermined species). 

One @ taken several years ago. 


32. This species given as “‘Cordulia new? species” is C. cynosura variety. 

1890, June 21, one 9, one 9, near brook. June 28, one % 
in pasture. 
37a. Plathemis trimaculata De Geer. 

18go, June 18, 21, 8 8 seen near woods; 28, one ? in woods; 
June 30, July 2, 18, 29, near woods, brook and roadside. Au- 
gust 4, one ? in woods. 

43. Diplax new ? species is D. ornata Ramb. 

1890, July 9, one & by roadside; August 6, one $ in meadow; 
August 7, one %, three 9 9 in pasture; August 12, one seen 
flying; August 20, one ¢ in pasture. 

44. Diplax semicincta Say. 
One % taken some time ago, recently identified. 


12 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ Junuary, 


The total number of species from Manchester known to me, 
including the undetermined Gomphus, is now fifty species. Of 
these two are Calopterygina, eleven Agrionina, seven A®schnina, 
eight Gomphina, nine Cordulina, thirteen Libellulina.* 

As before each species has been identified by Mr. Philip P. 
Calvert, of Philadelphia, who has given me meee assistance in 
the study of the Odonata. 


Notes and News. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS 
OF THE GLOBE. 
[The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws solicit, and will thankfully receive item 
of news, likely to interest its readers, from any source. The author’s name will be given 
in each case for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] <r 


In the future all papers received for publication in the News will be 
printed according to date of reception. 


83> See change of wording in notice of Identification of Insects. 


WE give as a supplement to the present number an exchange list, which 
will save the entomologist the trouble and labor of making out written 
lists, either of duplicates or desiderata, to send to correspondents. Num- 
bers are also unsatisfactory, as they have to be copied from a list and re- 
ferred to a list by the recipient. The editor has often been in need of 
such a list, and thus it originated. All that is necessary is to mark the 
list and put it in an envelope and send it on its way, hoping thereby to 
receive many fine additjons to one’s collection.—ED. 


ALETIA ARGILLACEA Hiib.—Afropos of a note on this insect in the 


December number of Ent. News (p. 154) by Prof. Killicott, I wish to 
state that argid/acea has been very rare the past season, if indeed it has 
appeared at all, at Buffalo, N. Y. About October 1st, when it should be 
most abundant, I was frequently out after moths, but failed to detect a 
single example of this species.—E. P. VAN DUZEE. ; 


We have recently heard from Mr. Wm. H. Ashmead, who writes from 
No. 11 W. Alvensleben Strasse, Berlin, that he is having a good time 
studying the large collections in the Museum. ‘The collection of 
exotic Lepidoptera is simply grand, and, for a lepidopterist, is simply a 

paradise. The Hymenoptera, especially in the micros, are poorly repre- 
sented, but I find a good many intern forms in what they have among 
the macros.’ 


*Ina letter dated November [r11th, 1890], accompanying the MS. of the above “ Addi- 
tions,” Miss Wadsworth writes: ‘Some species quite common before have been much 
less so this season, particularly Avxax junius, which, in 1889, was one of the most common 
species. This year I saw but one specimen, and that on June 30th.” So far as my obser- 
vations go, this remark is also true for the relative abundance of juzius in Delaware 
County, Pa., in 1889 and 1890.—PH1Lip P. CALVERT. 


a ‘ 


5 


ae 


re eo ae oe 


1891. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 13 


Mr. C. W. JOHNSon’s report of capture of Neonympha Mitchellii at 
Dover, N. J., in rocky and hilly territory, leads me to make a correction 
as to its habits in Michigan. When first found I took only a few speci- 
mens, and ‘all on a rather dry meadow, near a wet meadow and marsh. 
Since then I find that they are much more common in the marshy portion 
of the territory referred to. I have taken many specimens of Neonympha 
Canthus, N. eurytris, N. sosybius and N. Mitchellii,—the sosybius in 
Florida—and find Mitcheltii much closer to sosybius in habits of flight 
than to either of the others. It flies low, for short distances, in a weakly 
manner, and is best started by beating up, or by walking rapidly and 
noisily through the grass. Sosydivs is stronger and quicker on the wing, 
is a more “‘artful dodger,”’ and flies a little farther. If there is more than 
one brood of Mitchediii in a season, the last one begins to fly July rst. I 
have taken it from July 1st to roth. As far as I can tell it comes in quickly 
and goes off the field rather abruptly after a short period of life. 

I. N. MITCHELL. 


DEVELOPMENT OF DIBOLIA 4&REA.—The habits of this little beetle ap- 
pear to be familiar, but the following notes on its period of development 
may be of interest: The larve were found abundantly on Plantain (P/an- 
tago major) at LeClaire, lowa, about Aug. 1, 1890. They make an open. 
ing in the epidermis of the leaf which they enter, gradually eating their 
way. Sometimes a larva makes a tunnel, then goes back and starts a 
branch to it. If the leaf becomes too dry, some will leave and enter a 
fresh one, but in ordinary cases they remain in their leaf until they are 
ready to pupate. When full grown they are 3-4 mm. in length. The 
period of pupation is fourteen days. Up to the twelfth day the pupa is 
yellow, on that day a slight coloring of the eyes is noticed, the following 
day the tarsi become black, and the fourteenth day the beetle appears, 
becomes entirely black and begins to move about. Eight beetles lived 
five days after emergence without food; after Plantain leaves were intro- 
duced they ate freely —P. H. Roirs, Ames, Ia. 


I HAVE observed this past season an unusual number of the larvze of 
Sphinx quinguemaculata on the tomato vines. In the Summer of 1881 
they were a veritable pest in this locality, but since then they were scarce, 
only an occasional isolated specimen being found until the late Summer, 
when they were again abundant. The country people are very much 
afraid of them, and one frequently hears extravagant tales of horrible 
suffering from the effects of their sting. e 

I find the observations made relative to the limited range of Satyrus 
alope ( January number) corroborated by my own knowledge of the spe- 
cies in this locality as I have observed the same individuals in the same 
jocality until they died. 

On August 12th I took a larva of C. regalis feeding on a plum tree; I 
fed it plum leaves for a week when it pupated. This is, to me, a new 
food-plant for C. regadis, as I have never found it on any thing but the 
walnut.—STEPHEN BaLpy, Catawissa, Pa. 


wes 
ee 


14 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. . _ [January, 


Identification of Insects (Imagos) for Subseribers. 


Specimens will be named Sada the following conditions: 1st, The number dual 
mens to be unlimited for each sending; 2d, The sender to pay all expenses of transporta- 
tion and the insects to become the property of the American Entomological Society ; 
3d, Each specimen must have a number attached so that the identification may be an- 
nounced accordingly. Twelve names, if possible, will appear in each issue of News 
according to number. Address packages to ENTOMOLOGICAL News, Academy Natural 
Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. > 


¢ 


H. MeEsKE.—1, Cicindela 16-punctata; 2, Cicindela vulgaris, var.; 3, 


Macrodactylus subspinosa,; 4, Cicindela pusilla, var. cyanellus; 5, Epi- 
tragus canaliculatus; 6, Necrophorus marginatus; 7, Chrysochus auratus; 


8, Trox sonore; 9, Hippodamia convergens; 10, Chrysomela scalaris. 

E. WILKINSON.—2, Carpophilus palilpennis; 4, Sphaerophthalma or- 
chis; 5, Bombus pennsylvanicus 3; 6, Orthosoma brunneum; 7, Necro- 
phorus americanus, 8, Solpugide (belongs to); 9, Adlorhina nitida? io, 
Eleodes longicollis; 11, Hippomelas celatus; 12, Psiloptera dilaticoliis. 

Cuas. Fucus.—1, Zleodes hispilabris; 2, E. carbonaria, smooth var.; 
3, EZ. quadricollis Q. 4, E. obsoleta, var.; 5, E. carbonaria, var. sonek: 
6, E. extricata; 7, Discogenia dinate: 8, Eleodes cordata; 9, E. con- 
sobrina; 10, E. cordata; 11, E. parvico lis; 12, E. obscura. 

G. D. B.—1, Catocala concumbens; 2, Ctenucha virginica; 3, Micro- 
celia obliterata; 4, Heliophila unipuncta; 5, Hadena sputatrix; 6, Ag- 


10, Tetracis crocallata, 11, Pyrophila pyramidoides; 12, Metanema 


civoraria. ; 
From Haddonfield, N. J., wingless females of a Geometrid moth, per- 
haps genus Anisopleryx. ' 


rotis messoria? 7, Plusia contexta; 8, Eustrotia carneola; 9, sea ger 


+s 
: 


Entomological Literature. 


BULLETIN FROM THE LABORATORIES OF NATURAL HISTORY OF THE 
STATE UNIVERSITY OF Iowa, vol. ii, No. 1, contains the continuation of 
the monograph entitled, ‘‘The Pselaphidz of North America, by E. 
Brendel, M.D., and H. F. Wickham (concluded), 8gypp., 3 plates, 63 Bey 
Full descriptions with synoptic tables of the species are given. 

THE ENTOMOLOGIST, November, 1890. —Additions to the British Tit 
of Deltoids, Pyralids and Crambi since 1859 (with plates), by Richard 
South. The sexes of LEpipoprERA, by T. D. A. Cockerell. Contribu- 


tions to the Chemistry of Insect Colors, by F. H. Perry Coste. Entomo- 


logical notes, captures, etc. Doings of Societies. 

THE ENTOMOLOGIST’s MONTHLY MAGAZINE, November, 1890.—How 
do Coccids produce cavities in Plants? by W. M. Maskell. Notes on the 
Lepiporrera of Digne (Basses Alpes), by A. H. Jones. Entomological 


_—e 


1891.) ) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. . 15 


notes from Aden and Colombo, by J.-J. Walker. Notes concerning Psocus 
quadrimaculatus Latreille, of which Ps. subnebulosus Steph. is a synonym, 
by Robert McLachlan. Aculeate HyMENopTERA collected by J. J. Walker 
at Gibraltar and in North Africa, by Edw. Saunders. Notes and Captures, 
Doings of Societies, etc., finish the number. 


. Le : TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SocIETyY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA vol, 
' t. 1.—Descriptions of Australian LeprpopTeRa, pt. 1, by E. Meyrick. 
er notes on Australian CoLEopTERA, by Rev. T. Blackburn. 


i ‘ONTRIBUTION TOWARD A KNOWLEDGE OF THE MoutuH Parts oF 

. THE DiTerA, by Prof. J. B. Smith (from Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.). This 
is an interesting essay of twenty pages with twenty-two figures; very little 
has been written on the anatomy of the mouth parts of Diprera, and 
Prof. Smith’s paper is an important addition to the literature of the sub- 
ject. He states that he studied each organ in its entirety, in its rela- 
tion to others, and in its development, and that the studies were morpho- 
logical rather than anatomical. 


THE ENTOMOLOGIST’s MONTHLY MAGAZINE, December, 1890.—Notes 
_ onthe British species of the genus Axthonomus, with a description of a 
___ species new to Britain, by Rev. Canon Fowler. Hymenopterological 
notes, by P. Cameron. Description of a new species of the genus Phan- 
@us, by B. S. Nevinson. Trichoptera observed in the Exmoor District in 
Autumn, by R. McLachlan. Observation on some British and exotic 
Coccidz, by J. W. Douglas. Descriptions of two new species of Euplea 
from the South Sea Islands, by Hamilton H. Druce. Great flight of 
_ Gilex, Tipula and Tetramorium in New Zealand, by W. W. Smith. 
Meyrick’s Pyralida of Europe, by Prof. C. H. Fernald. Trypeta bigelo- 
vie n. sp., by T. D. A. Cockerell. On a new species of Zomoderus from 
a Japan, by G. C. Champion. Noté-on the genus Dischidus, id. Bidessus 
unistriatus in East Norfolk, id.; Avisotoma triepkei, etc., at Aviemore, 
by R. W. Lloyd. Danais Reckibons at Eastbourne, by ‘A. H. Clarke. 
Cherocampa nerii near Dartmouth, by Henry F. Owen. ‘Description of 
the larva of Phoxopteryx upupana, by B. A. Bower. Insects in the 
Scilly Isles, by C. W. Dale. 


BULLETIN No. 11, November, 1890, Iowa Agricultural Experiment 
Station. The Potato Stalk Weevil ( 7richobaris trinotata). The Apple 
Curculio (Anthonomus 4-gibbus). A new Currant Borer .( flyperplatys 

_aspersus). The life-histories and remedies against these i injurious insects 
are given (illustrated). These entomological articles are by Prof. C. P. 
Gillette. 

WE have received the following from Prof. C. V. Riley, U. S. Ento- 

mologist: Insecticides and Means of Applying them to Shade and Forest 
_ Trees, by C. V. Riley, M.A., Ph.D. The Insectivorous Habits of the’ 
_ English Sparrow, by C. V. Riley. Insects Affecting the Hackberry (va- 
ae [; species of Ce/tis), by C. V. Riley. These entomological papers are 
all from various epernent publications. 


16 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ January, 


ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, vol. v, Nos. 456. 
—Coleopterological Notices, by Capt. Thos. L. Casey. ‘This is the con- — 
tinuation of a lengthy paper containing descriptions of many new species _ 
(pp. 97 to 198). Catalogue of LEprpoprEeRA found within fifty miles of 
New York City, with their food plants, by Wm. Beutenmiiller. This is a 
useful list, as it considers Rhopalocera and Heterocera, both macro and 
micro, and will be a guide to collectors in the territory covered. 


MEMOIRS AND PROCEEDINGS OF MANCHESTER LITERARY AND PHILO- 
SOPHICAL SOCIETY, voi. iii, fourth series. HYMENOPTERA Orientalis, or 
contributions to a knowledge of the HyMENopTERA of the Oriental z6- 
ological region, by P. Cameron, pt. 2, pp. 239-284, 2 plates; contains new 
genera and species. 

OpuscuLa Entomovocica, C. G. Thomson, xiv, Fasciculus. Lund, 
1890; xlii, Cremastius and allied genera;* Demophorus n. gen.; xiii 
(synopsis of the genus Bassus Fab.*), Zootrephus, Promethus, Homopo- 
rus, n. gen., xliv, Contribution to the Insect Fauna of Sweden,* Coleop- 
tera and Hymenoptera. 


ENTOMOLOGISKE MEDDELELSER UDGIVNE AF ENTOMOLOGISK FORE- 
NING VED Fr. MEINERT. ANDET BIND, HEFTE TREDIE [and] FJERDE. 


KJOBENHAVN, 1890.—This publication being in Danish, is beyond the ~ 


Reviewer. Hefte Tredie (part 3) contains a biologic and anatomic paper 
on Anthophora parietina Fabr. by C. Wesenberg-Lund, 1 pl. 


L’ AUXILIAIRE, ORGANE LIBRE DE LA FEDERATION DES APICULTEURS 
FRANCAIS, Amiens 2e Annee, Nouvelle serie, Nos. 2-9, February—Sep- 
tember, 1890.—The issues of this paper contain many articles on all sub- 
jects of interest to those engaged in Bee culture, as well as on other topics 
not relating to entomology. Of entomological articles other than those 
on apiculture, we note one on ‘‘The Flies of the Pears’ (Cecitdomyia 
nigra and Sciara piri) by E. André. 

_CoMpTE-RENDU. SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE BELGIQUE, 4 Oct. 1890. 
—Note on the Cicindelide of Chota-Nagpore,* by E. Fleutiaux. Note 
on some Spherionide,* by A. Lameere. First note on the Coleoptera 
collected by M. Ed. Van Beneden in South America, by P. Pelseneer. 


REVUE BIOLOGIQUE DU NORD DE LA FRANCE, 3e Annee, No. 2, No- 
vember, 1890.—Notes on the Thysanoura, iv, by R. Moniez. Materials 
for the Entomological fauna of Flanders, 4th century, Coleoptera, by A. 
P. de Borre. 


ANNALEN DES K. K. NATURHISTORISCHEN HoFrMUsEUMS, v, No. 3, 
Wien, 1890.—The Hymenopterous group of the Sphecinee. I. Monograph 
of the natural genus Sp/e-r L. (sens. lat.) II. Abtheilung, by F. F. Kohl 
(see Ent. News, vol. i, p. 164). Ichneumonid studies,* by Dr. J. Kriech- 
baumer; Apechoneura, Opisorhyssa, Rhyssonota, Dyseidopus, new genera 
of Pimplide; Thalessa? histrio, White Mountains; Opisorhyssa flavo- 
picta, N. Amer. ?; new species from North America. 


* Contains new species other than North American. 


Peot.) . ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 17 


«Lg Natura iste (Paris), Nov. 15, 1890.—Habits and Metamorphoses 
of Larinus ursus Fab., by Capt. Xambeu. On the horn of a chrysalis 
| Deilephila euphorbiz, by P. Chretien; with woodcuts. 
A SyNnonyMIc CATALOGUE OF NEUROPTERA ODONATA, OR DRAGON- 
- With an appendix of fossil species, by W. F. Kirby, F.L.S., 
E.S., etc. London, Gurney & Jackson; Berlin, R. Friedlander & Son, 
9, 8vo, pp. ix, 202. Price, 16s. ($4.00) 
4is important work, although published early in September, 1890, was 
een by the reviewer until Dec. 6, 1890. A review of it has been pub- 
(in French) by Baron de Selys Longchamps in his ‘‘ Causeries 
. ologiques,’’ No. 2 (Compte-Rendu. Sac. Ent. Belg., Sept. 6, 1890, 
pp. clvii-clxiv; see Ent. News, vol. i, p. 164), which has been seen by the 
present reviewer. 
Pages 1-164 of the catalogue contain the living species, giving the syn- 
Aj ym} , the chief bibliographical references and the general distribution 
each species. Appendix I, pp. 165-176, does the same for the fossil 
s. Appendix II, pp. 177-187, comprises additions and corrections. 
sneral index of all the specific and generic names, both accepted and 
n ic, completes the work. 
The following table shows the classification adopted, with the number 
genera and species listed, including the additions and corrections, as 
cted by the reviewer: 


«oliving special Fomel specie, Living species 
world. world. north of Mexico. 
oo Genera Species |Genera |Species |Genera |Species 
y 1. LIBELLULID. 
amily 1. Libelluline....... 102 | 503 3 26 16 67 
Ldaad 2, Corduliine....... 22 | 144 I 2 7 37 
2. AESCHNIDE. y 
pfamily 1. Gomphinz........ Miss «ae 10 30 Lins 
ision 1. Gomphina ........ 36 | @aeeesor ..... 8 48 
aa .. 2-Cordulegastrina.| 15 ON ae 4 9 
Subfamily 2. Aéschninz......... 25 | 112 2 12 6 24 
Family 3. AGRIONIDz. 
Subfamily 1. Agrioninz......... 33 | 234 x 6 2 18 
(= Calopterygina auct.) 
Subfamily 2. Coenagrioninz.. 27 
v. 1. Pseudostigmatina... 5 a: 15G:., Pat ihe 8. 
“2. Normostigmatina....| 77 SOa ees. aea. 12 56 
315 | 1810} 26 103 55 | 259 


—— 


or de Selys has already pointed out that Mr. Kirby makes a number 
ges in the names of well known genera and species, chiefly on the 
of priority. To these Baron de Selys strongly objects; his views 


I* 


18 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ January, 


are entirely in accord with those of the present reviewer, who thinks that 
they will be adopted by Odonatists generally. The chief changes, so far 


as they affect North American dragonflies, are as follows: the first in each 


pair of names being the one used by Mr. Kirby. Sympetrum = Diplax, 
Lib. lydia Dru. = trimaculata DeGeer, Lib. vibrans Fabr. = lydia Dru. 
Hag., 1861), Diastatomma = Ophiogomphus, Aeshna (without c) = Gom- 
phus, Aeschna (with c) retained = Aeschua, Agrion = Calopteryx, Mi- 
cronympha = Ischnura, Cenagrion = Agrion. Even if it be a fact that 
many of the changes here noted rest on a priority of a few years, inas- 
much as the names to be supplanted have been in general use for many 
(in some cases over fifty) years, it seems to the reviewer totally unneces- 
- sary to change them. The rule of priority may be very good in the ab- 


stract, but when it conflicts with that better rule of long and common use, — 


it is more to be honored in the breach than in the observance. For him- 
self, the reviewer proposes to continue using the old nomenclature until 
more convincing reasons for changing are presented. 

In spite of these serious faults, this Catalogue is a most useful and valu- 
able work. It furnishes us, in a commodious form, with a key to our 
present knowledge of the Odonata, both living and fossil. The most 
excellent index at the end of the volume affords a ready means of locating 
any name which has been proposed in this group of insects. Finally, no 
student of the Odonata can do without it.—PuHILip P. CALVERT. 


ENTOMOLOGISCHE NACHRICHTEN, xvi, No. 19, October, 1890.—New 
Ichneumon flies from north and middle Germany,* by Dr. Kriechbaumer. 
On Aylemyia penicillaris Rnd. and some similar species, by P. Stein. 
Pelecium Drakei,* n. sp. of the Coleopterous tribe of the Stomidz, by 
G. Quedenfeldt; trom Matto-Grosso, S. America. No. 20, October, 1890. 
—Entomological notes, by Prof. Dr. F. Thomas (on Chionea, Niptus, 
Chrysopa, Leiosomus, Byturus). On Ornithomyia turdi Latr., and on 
the author of Bibio anglicus, V. v. Roder. Victor Antoine Signoret, by 
L. Fairmaire. No. 21, November, 1890.—A contribution to the German 
Hymenopterous Fauna,* by C. Verhoeff. 


Doings of Societies. 


A Regular Meeting of the Entomological Section of the Academy of © 


Natural Sciences was held Oct. 23, 1890, Director Dr. Horn in the chair. 
Members present: Ridings, Laurent and Skinner. Associates: Fox, 
Westcott and Dr. Castle. Dr. Stephens, of Plymouth, Mass., visitor. A 
paper entitled, Mouth Parts of Diptera, by Prof. J. B. Smith, was presented 
and referred to the Publication Committee. Dr. Horn referred to his 
studies on Throscidz and Eucnemide for the Biologia Centrali-Americana. 
The material had been received on April 15th and the corrected proof 
returned October 15th. The completed work will make sixty-five quarto 


* Contains new species other than North American, 


1891. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 19 


pages: He also spoke of a contemplated work on Agrilus. Mr. Ridings 
mentioned the fact that whiskey attracted ants, and that they were intoxi- 
cated by it. Dr. Horn spoke of the habits of Xy/eborus pyri, a beetle 
which bores in fruit trees. He had found fyvi identical with the European 
X. dispar, having compared them side by side. A number of fine addi- 
tions have been lately made to the Cabinet of the Society, among them 
_ forty-two specimens of Noctuidz, representing thirty-one species new to 
_ the collection, presented by Mrs. A. ‘I’. Slosson. A number of fine Hes- 
peridze from Mr. Martindale, and a collection of Hymenoptera and Diptera 
from Mr. Ernest Seeber, all collected in his own yard. 

Meeting held Nov. 27, 1890. Director Dr. Horn presiding. Members 
present: Martindale, Laurent and Skinner. Associates: Welles and John- 
son. Dr. Horn described the results of his studies on Ar@oschizus and 
 Cryptohypnus. The genus Argoschizus is composed of small and rare 

beetles about the size of ants, and look much alike. The forms of head, 
elytra, etc , were described and illustrated. Cryptohypnus is represented 
_by small Elater-like beetles which have been in confusion on account of 
the characters not being well understood. The differential diagnoses 
based on anatomical differences were considered. The relationships of 
the European and American species were discussed. Dr. Horn did not 
consider any of them identical, but parallel species. He also stated that 
he had discovered two new species of //eodes with long tails to the elytra, 
although belonging to different groups. One had a peculiar male char- 
acter of the tibia which was described. The nomination of Mr. Charles 
S. Welles as a member was read. Mr. David Jayne Bullock was duly 
elected a member of the Section. 

Meeting held Dec. 8, 1890. Dr. Horn in the chair. Members present: 
‘ Martindale, Blake, Laurent, G. B. Cresson, Skinner. Associates: Calvert, 

% Welles, Dr. Castle, Fox. The Director announced the death of Dr. 
Samuel Lewis. Mr. Martindale exhibited his new form of cabinet drawer 
for LEPIDOPTERA with the upper and underside of glass, and having 
movable strips for pinning on the specimens. This gives the opportunity 
to examine the underside of the specimens without removal (see NEws, 
vol. i). Mr. Calvert exhibited a female of Libel/uda pulchella with an 
imperfectly developed wing. A drawing-on the blackboard was made 
illustrating the puculiarities in venation. The specimen had been loaned 
. to him by Mr. C. W. Johnson, and was taken in the upper part of the city. 
_ He also stated that in 1865 Mr. Scudder reported dragonflies in great 
abundance at Hermit Lake, in the White Mountains. On a visit there, 
himself, he did not find them nearly as plentiful as stated by Mr. Scudder. 
It was of interest to compare the different collecting experiences after an 
interval of twenty-five years. Kirby’s Catalogue of the Odonata of the 
__ world was exhibited and commented on. The question of priority was 
2 _ discussed as set forth in the list. Dr. Skinner exhibited some fine speci- 

; “Tee of entomological photography, the work of Mr. J. F. Sachse, editor 


the ‘‘ American Journal of Photography.”’ The following were elected 


20 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ January, 


officers to serve for the coming year: Director, Dr. G. H. Horn; Vice- 
Director, H. C. McCook, D.D.; Treasurer, E. T. Cresson; Recorder, 
Henry Skinner, M.D.; Publication Committee, Philip Laurent and Henry 
Skinner, M.D.; Corresponding Secretary, Angelo Heilprin; Conservator, 
Dr. Henry Skinner. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, Nov. 6, 1890.—Mr. Erwin 
F. Smith was elected a member of the Society. 

Mr. Schwarz exhibited a larva of the genus Caradus with deformed 
maxillary palpi. The right palpus is normally formed, except ‘that the 
suture between the first and second joints is nearly obliterated; the left 
palpus is only 3-jointed, with the joints nearly transverse, as in Ca/osoma. 

Mr. Marlatt exhibited three female specimens of a species of the Try- 
phonid genus J/efopius. The strikingly large and peculiar ovipositor of 
this species was described, and reference was made to the literature re- 
lating to this genus, from which it appears that the female has never been 
properly characterized, if indeed it has ever been described at all. 

Dr. Marx gave some additional notes on his experiments with the bite 
of Lathrodectus, but stated that the results had been wholly negative. 

Mr. Howard read a paper entitled, ‘‘ The Habits of Pachyneuron,”’ in 
which he referred to the breeding records of this genus of Chalcididz, 
recording twenty distinct rearings in North America, and made a number 
of interesting deductions therefrom. 

Mr. Schwarz read a paper on the food habits of Corthylus punctatissimus. 
This Scolytid, previously known to infest the subterranean part of the 
stems of Sugar Maple saplings, was found in large numbers in the roots 
and subterranean stems of the common huckleberry, Gay/ussacia resinosa, 
in the vicinity of Washington during September and October. In this 
connection Mr. Schwarz presented the description of a second North 
American Corthylus, C. spinifer, from semi-tropical Florida. 

Mr. Marlatt presented a paper on the Final Molting of Tenthredinid 
Larve, in which he described the molting undergone by the larva of nearly 
all saw-flies after full growth is reached and just prior to spinning up or © 
entering the ground to pupate, describing also the accompanying change 
of color. Reference was made to the scanty literature of the subject and 
the explanation of this molt by Cameron on the ground of protection. 

Mr. Townsend read a paper on the Leptid (Dipterous) genera 77ipio- 
tricha Lw. and Agnotomyia Will. Mr. Townsend does not believe that 
the species of 77ipfotricha, with only one front tibial spur, should, with- 
out other distinguishing characters, be generically separated from those 
possessing two. ’ 

Mr. Fernow called attention to the ravages of Gastropacha monacha, . 
particularly in Bavaria, stating that it has probably been introduced in the 
present instance from Italy. 

General discussion followed on a novel method employed in Europe of 


collecting and destroying this Bombycid. 
C. L. MARLATT, 


Recording Secretary. 


‘II ‘Id ‘II 1I9A 


USP 


“SITV93aY VINOYSHLIO 


‘SMON 20Q 


“SPAT! 


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Papilio Neophasia sara paleno 
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wre ee a suffusa thoosa philodice 
b walshii terlooii a anthyale 
marcellus Callidryas b albinic 
a telamonides Pieris agarithe ¢ melanic 
amevicus amaryllis argante d nig 
. beckerii cipris e virida 
See ikihen ilaire eubule scudderii 
b Sr peer philea Teri 
a phileta sen ‘rias 
a napi statira a 
iar a@ acadica ela 
ae al b bryoniz Kricogonia elathea — 
oa .. ¢ borealis fantasia gundlachia 
Bia d flava lanice te aig 
e frigida lyside inda 
IS wag f hulda a terissa lisa 
machaon g oleracea a flava 
a aliaska h pallida Gonepteryx = mexicana 
mylotes A gee nara Be 
a nelsoni clorinde @ flava 
ax oa occidentalis ¢proterpia 
, a calyce Meganostoma _ westwoodii 
protodice cesonia 
a vernalis eurydice Thecla 
rape a amorphe acis 
a immaculata acadica 
b marginalis Colias affinis 
¢ manni alexandra adenostomatis 
d nov-angliz behrii alcestis 
e yreka boothii apama 
sisymbri a chione augustus 
virginiensis chippewa auretorum 
christina antolychus 
Nathalis a astrea behrii 
iole edwardsii calanus 
a irene elis a lorata 
emilia californica 
Anthocharis — eurytheme @ cyanus 
ausonides a ariadne castalis 
a coloradensis b eriphyle chalcis 
cethura c keewaydin clytie 
creusa harfordii- columella 
genutia hecla erysalus 
hyantis a glacialis @ citima 
julia b hela dryope 
lanceolata interior dumetorum 
morrisoni meadii edwardsii 
olympia moina eryphon 
pima nastes favonius 
reakirtii occidentalis fotis 
rosa a chrysomelas 


EXCHANGE LIST. 


DUMTEAPLIES OF AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO. 


Compiled by Dr. HENRY SKINNER. 


List of duplicates and desiderata of... 


fuliginosa 


ll 


grunus 
halesus 
henrici 
humuli 
ines 
iroides 
irus 
_@ arsace 

b mossii 
itys 
leta 
leda 
m-album 
melinus 

a pudica 
nelsoni 

a exoleta 

6 muirii 
niphon 
ontario 
poeas 
_putnami 
sepium 

a fulvescens 
sheridanii 
siva 
smilacis 
spinetorum 
spadix 
strigosa 
sylvinus 
tacita 
tetra 
titus 
witfeldii 


Feniseca 
tarquinius 


Chrysophanus 


arota 
cupreus 
dione 
doreas 
editha 
epixanthe 
florus 
gorgon 
helloides 
hermes 
hypophleas 
a@ americana 
a fasciata 
e feildeni 
mariposa 
rubidus 
sirius 
snowi 
the 
virginiensis 
xanthoides 
Zerce 


amica 
amyntula} 


ammon 
anna 
annetta 
antiacis 

a behrii 

b mertila 
aquilo 
ardea 
aster 
battoides 
clara 
comyntas 
couperii 
eyna 
deedalus 
exilis 
fulla 
filenus 
glaucon 
gyas 
heteronea 
icaroidés 

a@ maricopa 
isophthalma 
kodiak 
lotis 
lycea 
lygdamus 

a@ oro 
marina 
monica 
pembina 
pheres 
phileros 
podarce 
pseudargiolus 

@ arizonensis 

b cinerea 

e lucia 

d marginata 

e neglecta 

f nigra 

g violacea 
rustica 
seepiolus 
sagittigera 
scudderii 
shasta 
sonorensis 
speciosa 
striata 
theonus 
xerxes 


Lemonias 

ares 

a cleis 
cythera 
duryi 
mormo 
nais 
palmerii 
virgulti 


Eurygona 
abreas 


Calephelis 
australis 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS—SUPPLEMENT. ~ 


borealis 
ceenius 
nemesis 


Eumenia 
atala 
minyas 


Libythea 
bachmani 
carinenta 
larvata 


Heliconius 
charitonia 


Danais 
archippus 
berenice 
strigosa 


Ceratinia 
lycaste 
a@ negreta 


Mechanitis 
californica 


Dircenna 
klugii 


Colzenis 
delila 
julia 


Agraulis 
vanillee 


Euptoieta 
claudia 
hegesia 


Argynnis 
adiante 
alberta 
alcestis 
aphrodite 
artonis 
atlantis 
atossa 
behrensii 
bellona 
bischoffi 
boisduvallii 
bremnerii 
butlerii 
calippe 
carpenterii 
chariclea 

a obscurata 
chitone 
clio 
columbia 
coronis 
cybele 
cypris 
diana 
edwardsii 
egleis 


* 


@ tarquinius 
frigga 

a@ saga 
haleyone 
helena 


montinus 
monticola 

@ purpurascens 
montivaga 
myrina 
nausicaai, 
nevadensis 

@ meadii 
nitocris 
nokomis 
opis 
polaris 
rhodope 
rupestris 

a irene 
semiramis 
triclaris 
zerene 


Melita 
acastus 
albiplaga 
alma 
anicia 
arachne 
augusta 
baroni 
bollii 
brucei 
chalcedon 

a awinellei 


gabbii 
harrisii 
helvia 
hofmanni 

a helcita 
leanira 

a obsoleta - 
meglashani 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS—SUPPLEMENT. ili 


a oreas 
silvius 
zephryus 


Vanessa 
antiopa 
a hygiwea 
californica 
milberti 


Pyrameis 
atalanta 
ceardui 
a elymi 
b ate 
carye 
huntera 


Junonia 
ceenia 
a orythia 
genoveva 


Anartia 
jatrophe 


Eurema 
lethe 


Eunica 
monima 


Callicore 
clymena 


Timetes 
chiron 
coresia 
eleucha 
petreus 


Diadema 
misippus 


Limenitis 
arthemis 
@ laminia 
b proserpina 
disippus 
a floridensis 


ros 
a obsoleta 
hulstii 
lorquini 
ursula 
@ arizonensis 
weidemeyerii 
@ sine-fascia 


Heterochroa 


californica 


Apatura 
alicia 
antonia 
@ montis 
celtis 
celyton 


@ proserpina 


b ocellata 
cocles 
flora 
leila 


Paphia 
morrisonii 
troglodyta 


Ageronia 
feronia 
fornax 


Victorina 
steneles 


Diadema 


Debis 
portlandia 


Neonympha 
areolatus 
eanthus 
eurytris 
gemma 
henshawi 
mitchellii 
rubricata 
sosybius 


Joenonympha 
ampelos 
brenda 
california 

a ceres 

b eryngii 

c galactinus 

d pulla 
elko 
inornata 
kodiak 
ochracea 
pamphiloides 


Erebia 
disa 
‘@ manecinus 


haydenii 
magdalena 
rossii 
sofia 
tyndarus 

a callias 
vesagus 


Geirochilus 
tritonia 


Hipparchia 
dionysius 
ridingsii 


Satyrus 
alope 


a texana 
6 maritima 
e nephele ~ 
d olympus 
e boopis 
f incana 
ariane 
ashtaroth 
baroni 
charon 
gabii 
meadii 
cetus 
paulus 
pegala 
silvestris 
sthenele 
wheeleri 


Chionobas 
calais 
californica 


ivallda 
jutta 
macounii 
nevadensis 
norna 
semidea 
subhyalina 
tarpeia 
taygete 
uhleri 
varuna 


Carterocephalus 
mandan 
omaha 


Ancyloxypha 
numitor - 


Copzeodes 
arene 
eunus 
myrtis 
procris 
a@ waco 
wrightii 


Thymelicus 
garita 
poweschiek 


Pamphila 
aaroni 
accius 
agricola 
arabus 
arpa 
attalus 
baracoa 
bellus 
bimacula 
brettoides 
brettus 


lV 


byssus 
cabelus 
campestris 
carus 
cernes 
cestus 
chusca 
colorado 
columbia 
comus 
delaware 
deva 
dion 
draco 
ethlius 
eufala 
fusca 
harpalus 
hianna 
horus 
huron 
juba 

a viridis 
lagus 
lasus 
leonardus 
licinus 
loammi 
lunus 
maculata 
manataaqua 
manitoba 


manitobaoides 


mardon 
massasoit 
melane 
meskei 
metacomet 
metea 
milo 
morrisonii 
mystic 
napa 
nemorum 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS—SUPPLEMENT. 


nereus 
nevada 
ocola 
oregonia 
osyka 
otho 

a egeremet 
ottce 
palatka 
panoquin 
pawnee 
peckius 
phyleus 
pittacus 
pontiac 
pratincola 
phylace 
python 
rhena 
rhesus 
ruricola 
sabuleti 
sassacus 
siris 
slossone 
snowi 
sylvanoides 
taxiles 
uncas 
verna 
verus 
vestris 
viator 
vitellius 
yuma 
zabulon 

a hobomok 

b pocohontas 


Amblyscirtes 
eenus 
cassus 
eos 
nanno 


nysa 
samoset 
simius 
textor 
vialis 


Pyrgus 
centaurese 
cespitalis 
domicella 

a@ nearchus 
ericetorum 
locutia 
nessus 
oceanus 
philetas 
tessellata 

a montivagus 
xanthus 


Nisoniades 
afranius 
alpheus 
ausonius 
brizo 
clitus 
funeralis 
icelus 
juvenalis 
lucilius 
martialis 
neevius 
pacuvius 
persius 
petronius 


_propertius 


somnus 
tatius 
tristis 


Systasea 
zampa 


Pholisora 
catullus | 
ceos 4 
hayhurstii 
lena 
libya 
pirus 


Achlodes 
thraso 


Eudamus 
albofasciatus 


simplicius 
tityrus 
zestos 


Erycides 
amyntas 
batabano 
sanguinea 
texana 
urania 


Pyrrhopyga 
araxes 


Megathymus 
cofaqui 
neumegenii 
yucce 

a coloradensis 


f 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION, 


ACADEMY NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. 


VoL. U1. FEBRUARY, 18o1. No. 2. 
CONTENTS: 
Remarks on Illustration..............:sssesee 21 | Van Duzee—Immigration Story.......... 30 
Lugger—Notes on Coleoptera......-ssee-+ 21 | Fox—A new species of Nyssonide....... 31 
Ottolengui — Lepidoptera at Electric Notes atid: NewSsecsmapagersss. clas .cccccossceoes 32 
BNI sab es-cunepusys vecnes ucesasestrevaiqq000s soe 23 | Entomological Literature........cceeeeee 37 
P. P. C.—Elementary Entomology....... 27 


Illustration No. 2,—About ten months are supposed to have 
elapsed, and we now present our larva figured inVol. II, PI. I, trans- 
formed into an imago. This was also photographed by Mr. J. 
F. Sachse, editor of the ‘‘ American Journal of Photography,”’ 
to whom we are indebted for the plate.—Eb. 


vay 


NOTES ON COLEOPTERA. 


BY PROF. OTTO LUGGER. 


Cremastochilus Knochii Lec.—This beetle is rather abun- 
dant in the vicinity of our Experiment Station (St. Anthony Park, 
Minnesota), and occurs here from early Spring till late in fall. 
One field seems to be its favorite breeding ground. It is a field 
with poor and rather sandy soil, thoroughly exhausted by con- 

- stant croppings, so that even oats can no longer be produced suc- 
cessfully. Being simply held on speculation for building lots, it 
is decidedly neglected for farming purposes. This field forms, 
however, not a bad hunting ground for a number of insects, and, 
besides other species of beetles Harfalus erraticus Say, Bolbo- 
_ eeras farctus and lazarus Fab. and Cremastochilus Knochii Lec. 
_ are very common. With the exception of the latter all have to 


2 


22 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February, 


be dug from the soil. But as they prefer to make their abode in 
solid ground, in a narrow path, they are easily found, as their 
presence is always indicated by a perfectly round hole, the size 
of which showing the particular species which made it. The 
Cremastochilus also frequents this path, and is usually found 
slowly crawling about, and most frequently several are found in 
close proximity to each other. A large number of small ants 
have also nests in this hard-trodden soil; these nests are under- 


ve 4 = ee : 
Lr clair 


eye 
es : a ‘% 


Fras! 


ground galleries, with exceedingly small openings towards the 
light, not much larger than the holes made by the heads of com- 
mon pins. 

Observation 1.—A Cyvemastochilus surrounded by numerous 
ants, was gradually pushed by them in a certain direction. The ~ 
beetle was perfectly quiet, and offered no resistance to the ants, 
nor did it assist them in any perceptible way. As the process of 
moving such an immense object was exceedingly slow, I did not 
observe the ultimate destination of the procession. | 

Observation 2.—A Cvemastochilus was found sitting right over ~ 
one of the small entrances of an ant nest. With slow and very 
deliberate actions the beetle gradually enlarged the hole under it, 
and in the course of nearly seven hours disappeared from view. 
During all this time not a single ant appeared in its vicinity, nor 
did any assist the beetle in its efforts to penetrate to the nest 
below. 


oP ” mY ee 


1891. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 23 


_ Observation 3.—Very similar to observation 2, only a number 
of ants assisted the beetle by removing the dirt scraped out by 


the latter. 
Observation 4 —Early in Spring I found a number of these 


beetles mating above ground. Confining some in a low round 


jar, filled with earth to a depth of three inches, they soon disap- 
peared from the surface. They lived in this jar for about two 
months, mostly hidden in the earth, but whenever the jar was 
exposed to the warming influence of the sun the beetles reap- 
peared upon the surface and moved about rather actively for such 
slow insects. Several times they attempted to fly away. As I 
wished to obtain the eggs, I investigated the soil, and found a 
very peculiar structure in it, as illustrated in figure in natural 
size. The cavity was rather smooth inside and large enough to 
harbor the five pairs of beetles living in the jar. No eggs were 


‘discovered, but all ten beetles were found dead in the room made 


by themselves. As the upper roof of the nest was broken up in 


removing the soil from the jar, I do not know whether there was 


one or more entrances to this room. 

Next season I intend to establish a formicarium with such 
beetles, with the view of studying the relations between them and 
the ants. 

If I recollect right the locality for Omus submetallicus Horn 
seems to be in doubt. I have recently obtained a specimen from 
Washington. 


(). 


LIST OF LEPIDOPTERA TAKEN AT ELECTRIC LIGHTS 
IN BROOKLYN, WITH NOTES THEREON. 


BY RODRIGUES OTTOLENGUI, M.D.S. 


I am only a beginner, this Summer having been my first season, 
nevertheless I am told that my catch has been a remarkable one; 
remarkable in that it shows what may be done by thorough work 
in a single section. Seventy-five nights this Summer my sister 
and myself were out with our nets and bottles. The first night, 
early in May, we walked about aimlessly till we found an electric 
light near the ground, and here, and at the one next to it, we 
took fifty insects, the first being a Luna, which my sister cap- 
tured. I will say here that, though we took other specimens of 
Luna, afterward we never took one having, like this one, a dis- 


s 


24 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February, 


tinct border at the edge of all four wings. Subsequentiy, we 
tried other localities, but never had much luck; therefore, we 
finally went nowhere else; thus the following list shows what can 
be done in a single secluded, well-lighted spot near foliage, in 
the heart of a great city. I will mention the number taken when 
the insect is rare, or when only a few were captured. Of the 
others we took, or refused quantities, except of Geometride. 


SPHINGIDZ. 


Of Sphingidz we never took a specimen till after ten o’ clock. 
Thyreus Abbottit, two males; Deitlephila lineata, one male; Phi- 
lampelus achemon, one male. Of this beautiful species I saw 
another specimen, but failed to get it. It alighted on a tree, and 
after climbing I saw no chance to get it in my net. I returned 
to the ground and took a bottle, but though I was most careful 
in trying to place the bottle over him, he dropped between the 
leaves and was seen no more. This lesson, however, proved of 
value, and later I secured a valuable insect under similar ciréum- 
stances as will be told. veryx myron, three males and one 
female; Smerinthus geminatus, two males; Calasymbolus (Smer- 
inthus) myops, three pairs; Ceratomia amyntor, eight males; Da- 
remma undulosa, one pair; Phlegethontius carolina, eight males 
and two females. One of these males is the valuable insect to 
which I referred. It is wood-brown, about the same shade as 
Ceratomia amyntor. Mr. Henry Edwards tells me that there is 
an insect in South America exactly like my specimen, which is 
counted a species, but which he has thought to be but a variety 
of S. Carolina, hence the extreme interest in finding this light 
variety in this latitude. This was at rest in the tree, as was the 
other which I lost. Profiting by experience, I took it with my 
fingers, thumb and finger above and below the thorax. It is only 
slightly ruffled on the upper side and not noticeable. Phlege- 
thontius celeus, two males; Sphinx drupiferarum, one female; 
Sphinx kalmieg, one male. Total, 40; not bad, I think, for late 
night hunting. 

ZYGAENIDE. 

Alypia octomaculata, two pairs; Eudryas grata, three pairs; 
Scepsis fulvicollis. 

BOMBYCES.—Arctia nats, one male and one female; Arctia 
arge, one pair; Pyrrharctia isabella. From a lot of these I have 


rr: =" « 5 
o 


Ter ss 


1891. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 25 


picked out a set of seven males which show a gradual variation 
from having but a single spot on each wing to having very large 
black spots on the wings. Lewcarctia acrea; males fairly com- 
mon; took but one female. Spilosoma virginica, Hyphaniria 
textor, Euchetes collaris, two pairs; Halisidota carye. Itooka 
number of these, one pair only, having a spot on the secondaries, 
Orgyia leucosigma. One of my specimens Mr. Edwards says is 
the largest that he has ever seen. It measures one and a half 
inches. Afatelodes torrefacta, one male; Datana angusz, one 
male; Datana intergerrima, Datana perspicua, five pairs; Nadata 
gibbosa, five males. In one the silver spots on primaries are 
almost invisible. Lophodonta ferruginea, two males, one having 
secondaries all gray. Edema albifrons, one pair; Setrodonta 
bilineata, one pair; Celodasys unicornis, one pair; Celodasys 
2; one male only. Several well known collectors have 
failed to identify this. Janassa lignicolor, one male; a beautiful 
specimen, Heterocampa unicolor; a beautiful pair of this which 
I believe is difficult to take perfect. The male was taken in May 
and the female in last week of July. Cerura borealis, one male; 
Cerura occidentalis, one male; Cerura cinerea one pair; Actias 
luna, six males; Philosamia cynthia, Callosamia promethea, Cal- 
losamia angulifera, two females; Platysamia cecropia, Hyper- 
chiria io, thirty males. I took many beautiful varieties of this 
one the primaries almost all cream color, another heavily shaded 
with black. Lacles imperiales, thirty males and three females. 
Citheronia regalis, two pairs; Dryocampa rubicunda, four males. 
Clisiocampa americana, Artace punctistriga, four males; Cossus 
centerensis, one male. I think this is the first reported from this 
locality. Prionoxystus robine, three females. 

NOCTU 42.—AHabrosyne scripta, ten pairs. A remarkable 
catch I am told; very bright, beautiful specimens. Raphia 
frater, Apatela occidentalis, one pair; Apatela lobelile, Apatela 
hasta, one pair; Apatela americana, one male; Apatelis hamamelis, 
one male; Apatela innotata, one male; Apatela dissecta, one male; 
Apatela oblinita, Agrotis C-nigrum, Agrotis plecta, Agrotis 
cupida, one male; Agrotis verticalis, one male; Agrotis annexa, 
one female; Agvotis malefida, Agrotis ypsilon, Agrotis saucia, 
Mamestra picta, Mamestra arctica, one pair; Mamestra renigera, 
Hladena devastatrix, Hadena vulvivaga, Hadena ?; one 
Specimen only. Several collectors have failed to identify this. 


26 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February, 


Prodenia commeline, one pair; Euplexia lucipera, one female; 
Nephelodes minians and var. violans, of each one male; Gortyna 
nebris and var. xztfella, of each one male; Achatodes zee, one 
male; Heliophila albilinea, Heliophila phragmitidicola, Helio- 
phila unipuncta, Heliophila pseudargyra; oddly enough, I took 
but one specimen of this. Heliophila pseudargyra var. callide, 
one female; Orthodes infirma, one pair; Cucullia convexipennis, 
* one pair; Cucullia asteroides, Cucullia —-?; absent in three 
large collections. Telestlla cinereola, two pairs; Plusia @rea, 
Plusia precationis, Plusia ni, Plusia simplex, Tamilla nundina; 
Melicleptria thoreani this I do not find in Grote’s List, and I 
may have the specific name wrong.* Melicleptria ———? Mr. 
Henry Edwards thinks this an entirely new species. Heliothis 
armiger, Ligranthecia spragnei Chamyris cerintha, one pair; 
Drasteria erechtea and var. agricola, Euclidia cuspida, Paralelis 
bistriaris, Homoptera edusa, Homoptera lunata, Epixeuxis ameri- 
calis, one female; Chytolyta morbidalis, Hypena evanidalis, Fly- 
pena scabra, Hypena baltimoralis. 


GEOMETRID. 

Cherodes transversata, Caberodes confusaria, Ennomos alni- 
aria, Eudalimia subsignaria; took both sexes. Endropia hypo- 
charia, Metrocampa margaritata, Angerona crocataria, Anagoga 
occiduaria, Acidalia ennucleata, Acidalia qguinqueliniaria, Ca- 
terva catenaria, Tephrosia canadaria, Paraphia subatomaria, 
Anticlea vasiliata, Petrophora diversilineata, Boarmia crepuscu- 

laria, Eubeca cognitaria. 

In making out this list I have followed Grote. In addition to 
those enumerated I took fifty specimens of Zeuzera esculi found 
recently in this country. This insect was first reported in Newark. 
I have not yet heard of others taking it in Brooklyn. I found it 
quite common and enduring for three weeks. Had I known the 
the rarity of it, and value for exchange, I could easily have taken 
two hundred. I took, however, only two females, and those 
under peculiar circumstances. One night it rained so hard that 
I abandoned all idea of hunting, and made a social call. Re- 
turning about eleven o’clock I walked home, the rain having 
ceased. Walking along an asphalt roadway, lighted by electric 
lamps, I found hundreds of insects swamped on the wet pave- 
ment. Finally, I came to a little pool of water in which I noticed 

* No. 969, Grote’s List.—Eb. 


1891. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 27 


two large insects floundering about. I took them out, placed 
them in an envelope, and hurried home, where I transferred them 
to a bottle. They were two females of the Zeuzera, and when 
dried made excellent specimens; antennz perfect, and markings 
brighter than any of the males. I took and mounted during the 
season 2000 specimens exclusive of diurnals. 


a 
U 


ELEMENTARY ENTOMOLOGY. 


Eighth Paper.—INTERNAL ANATOMY (concluded). 


-The nervous system consists of a series of paired nerve-knots, 
or ganglia, connected by two nerve cords (commissures), and 
extending the entire length of the body. Typically, there is a 
pair of ganglia to each segment of the body, but usually the num- 
ber of pairs is less than the number of segments, owing to the _ 
union of adjacent pairs. This nerve chain lies below (ventral to) 
the alimentary canal for the greater part of the body, but in the 
head, the two commissures pass upwards, one on each side of 
the cesophagus to a mass of united ganglia lying on the dorsal 
side of the canal in the head. This mass is the drain, or supra- 
esophagial ganglion; it is thought to be formed by the union of 
several pairs of ganglia corresponding to the number of segments 
of which the head is formed. 

From the ganglia of this nerve chain, nerves are given off to 
surrounding organs. Certain other ganglia are connected with 
this nerve chain which do not correspond in position to the seg- 
ments. These latter ganglia supply by their branches the ali- 
mentary canal and the trachee. 

The organs of sight are the simple and the compound eyes.* 


#* See ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, vol. i, p. 104. 

In 1888 and 1889, Prof. Felix Plateau published in French the results of his studies on 
the vision of Arthropods. Dr. David Sharp, of London, gave an account of these ex- 
periments in the ‘‘ Transactions of the Entomological Society of London” for 1889, p. 397, 
et seg., concluding with two “ general impressions” which he has “ derived from the study 
of Prof. Plateau’s valuable experiments.” 

1. ‘‘ That insects in motion a" largely guided by the Rigection of light and the existence 
of lights and shades. ..... 

2. ‘‘ That there is at present no evidence at all that the light-perceptions are sufficiently _ 
complex to be entitled to be cailed seeing; but that, as the large development of the com- 
pound eye permits the simultaneous perception of movement, its direction, and of lights 
and shades over a certain area, a dragonfly may pursue and capture another insect without 
seeing it in our sense of the word seeing. (Trans. |. c. pp. 407, 408).” 


28 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February, 


Certain sense organs, supposed to be those of hearing, exist in 
the first abdominal segment, and in the tibize of the first pair of 
legs in various insects (Grasshoppers). 


Organs of smell are believed to exist in the antennz of many 


insects. 

Organs of taste are thought to be preset in the labium and 
maxillz of some insects. ed 

The antenne play the part of organs of touch to a great extent. 

The muscles of an insect are very numerous. They are slender, 
faint yellowish fibres, transversely striated, not enclosed in sheaths. 
They are arranged in correspondence with the segments of the 
body wall and the joints of the appendages. 

The respiratory system in insects consists of air tubes, or tra- 
chee.* They have their external openings, called spiracles, or 
stigmata, in the pleura of the thoracic and first eight abdominal 
segments, one pair to each segment. The number of pairs is 
thus never more than eleven, and is usually less. In the thoracic 
segments, at least, the spiracles are situated in the peritremes, 
and are usually guarded by hairs, or a chitinous piece, acting as 
avalve. A short trachea runs inwards from each spiracle to a 
large longitudinal trachea, one of which runs along each side of 
the body. These two large trachez are connected by cross- 
trachez, corresponding in position to the segments of the body 
wall. From the two main tracheze and the cross-trachez, nu- 
merous branches are given off in all directions, to all parts of the 
body, thus supplying the organs directly and not indirectly 
through the blood as in vertebrates. So numerous are the 
branches of the trachez that they also serve to hold other internal 
. organs in position. 

The trachez are sometimes dilated into air-sacs, which pled 
decrease the specific gravity of the insect. Air-sacs occur only 
in imagos of flying insects, and not in larve, or in imagos of 
creeping insects. 

Aquatic insects breathe either (1) air which they take from 
above the water’s surface, or (2) air which is mixed with the 
water. In the first case the insect carries, by its wings, or other 
means, a bubble of air obtained at the water’s surface; or, its 
spiracles are prolonged into long tubes which reach to the water's 
surface while the insect is below it. Insects breathing the air 


* See ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws, Vol. i, pp. 71, 141. 


ane 


ee ee 


1891. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 29 


which is mixed with the water, are provided with so-called tra- 


cheal gills. These are usually thin, thread-like, or plate-like 
expansions of the body wall, richly furnished with trachee. The 
thin walls of these gills permit an interchange between the air in 
the water and the air in the trachee. Tracheal gills may be en- 
tirely external, or may exist within the hind part of the intestine. 
In that they are supplied only with trachez containing air to be 
purified, tracheal gills differ from true gills of fishes and crusta- 
ceans, whose vessels contain blood to be purified. 

‘The act of respiration consists’ in the alternate dilatation and 
contraction of the abdominal segments, the air entering the body 
chiefly at the thoracic spiracles. As in vertebrates, the frequency 
of the acts of breathing increases after exertion. , . . . ‘Inthe 
pupa and larva state, respiration is performed more equally by 
all the spiracles, and less especially by the thoracic ones.’ ’’ 
(Packard) 

Insects are unisexual, z.e., the males and females are different 
individuals.* No external characters, such as shape, color, etc., 
can be given to distinguish between the sexes of all insects. The 
reproductive organs are contained in the abdomen. Those of the | 
male are the /es¢es, which are paired glandular bodies, secreting 
the sperm, or fertilizing fluid, in which are numerous, very small, 
tadpole-like spermatozoa. Each testis has a duct, the vas deferens, 
which may dilate into a vesicula seminalis, after which the two 
vasa deferentia unite to form the ductus ejaculatorius, which opens 
into the external intromittent organ ( penis), usually situated on 
the ventral side of the abdomen near its apex. 

The female reproductive organs are the pair of ovaries, in 
which the eggs (ova) are found. The duct of each ovary (ov?- 
duct) unites with its fellow and forms the vagina. The vagina is 
connected with the ovipositor,+ or has a free external opening 
(vulva), usually situated on the ventral side of the abdomen near 


its apex. ‘‘Connected also with the vagina are one or more 
pouches (veceptacula seminis), within which the sperm is received 
and stored.’’ The sperm ‘‘ retains its fertilizing properties for a 


long time. Thus the queen bee or ant, pairs but once, though 


*“ Cases not unfrequently occur in which from arrest of development of the embryo, 
the sexual organs are imperfectly developed, so as to present the appearance of being both 
male and female” (Packard). Such individuals are termed hermaphrodites 

7 See Ent. News, vol. ii, p.9. Opening into the vagina is sometimes a poison sac com- 
municating with the sting. 


30 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. __ [February, 


she may continue to lay fertile eggs for years. The fertilization 
of the eggs of insects takes place at the time they are laid. There 
is in one end of the shell of the egg, one or more pores known 
as micropyles. Through these the spermatozoa enter the egg as 
it passes the opening of the receptacula seminis. In some cases, 
at least, it is not necessary that an egg should be fertilized in order 
that the embryo should develop. This has been proven with the 
Honey Bee. But so far as is known the unfertilized eggs of the 
bee produce only males’’ (Comstock). 

A non-sexual reproduction alternating with a sexual repro- 
duction occurs in certain insects, as plant lice. 

All insects are produced from eggs, and are therefore called 
oviparous. In some cases, however, the eggs are retained within 
the body of the mother until after hatching. Such insects are 
termed ovoviviparous. a tg i 


Cy. 
Vv 


ANOTHER IMMIGRATION THEORY. 


BY E. P. VAN DUZEE. 


Chancing to pick up a copy of the ‘‘ Canadian Entomologist’’ 
of November, 1887, while browsing among some old entomo- 
logical papers—a favorite pastime with me—I lighted ona ‘‘ Note 
on Southern Moths found in the North,’’ by A. R. Grote, A.M. 
Here, after reiterating his ‘‘ theory’’ that Zvedus odora and other 
of the southern species of moths that are constantly being re- 
ported from northern localities are mere ‘‘ wind visitors or immi- 
grants; he says: ‘‘ This is my theory of immigration from the 
South; no other writer agrees to it or advocates it. Right or 
wrong, it is my own.’’ Whether this theory has been proved or 
disproved by more recent writers I know not, but the capture of 
an odora in this city, under somewhat peculiar circumstances, it 
seems to me might shed a little light on the subject. 

Early in the past season one of our young collectors, Mr. bs 
C. Will, took an example of this insect in a wholesale fruit house 
in this city among a large pile of bananas recently received from 
the South. The thought naturally presents itself: may not this 
and others of these stray visitants have been introduced through 
the agency of commercial transportation, either as a pup or 
imagos? Many subtropical creatures (spiders, scorpions, centi- 
pedes, etc.) have been found here in banana cargoes, and why 


————————————— 
. 


1891. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 31 


not moths? The importation of bananas here has increased 
enormously of late years, and a corresponding increase is noticeable 
in the number of odora taken. Further confirmatory evidence 
might be found in the food habits of the odora larve if these were 
better known. 

A somewhat parallel case is the occurrence of the large southern 
grasshopper, Dictyophorus reticulatus Thunb., near Rochester, 
N. Y., from whence I have received, through the kindness of 
Mr. A. E. Romer of this city, a full grown example. When 
captured it was in company with several others of its kind near 
one of the large nurseries for which that city is famous. In this 
case it seems reasonable to presume a cluster of eggs had been 
introduced with southern nursery stock, probably imbedded in 
the earth attached to the roots, and the prolonged warm weather 
had enabled them to perfect their growth. As it is not included 
in Prof. Smith's Catalogue of the Insects of New Jersey it is very 
unlikely that it could survive our severe Winters and become a 
member of our fauna. . 


4) 


A NEW SPECIES OF NYSSONIDAZ. 


BY WILLIAM J. FOX. 
Bothynostethus distinctus n. sp. 


.—Black, shining; clypeus, sides of face, space between antennz, 
posterior orbits and sides of metathorax, with silvery pubescence; tubercles, 
post-scutellum, line on anterior tibiz, spot on intermediate and, posterior 
tibize yellowish white; head finely punctured, clothed with moderately long, 
pale brown pubescence; face with a well marked, longitudinal central im- 
pressed line, which extends from between the base of the antennz almost 
to the lower ocellus, the front presents before the anterior ocellus and at 
the sides of the posterior ones, a deep slit or furrow, the lateral furrows ob- 
lique, anterior margin of clypeus, in the middle, with two large, separated 
teeth; between the teeth and the lateral angles of the clypeus are situated 
two much smaller teeth; third joint of antenne shorter than either the 
fourth or fifth, the fourth is slightly longer than the fifth; joints 8-10 are 
about equal; eyes diverging toward the vertex, the inner margin slightly 
bent inward above the centre of the face; prothorax emarginate above in 
the middle, with a yellowish white, narrow line, interrupted at the emar- 
gination; beginning behind the emargination of the prothorax are two 
parallel, strongly marked lines, extending to the centre of the dorsulum; 
scutellum sparsely punctured, with a median impression, which is more 
distinct posteriorly; the suture between the dorsulum and scutellum deep 
and broad, the sides denticulate; post-scutellum divided by a médian im- 


32 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February, 


pressed line; metathorax with a broad and deep longitudinal channel, the 
channel broadening at the base of the posterior surface of metathorax 
into a somewhat cordate pit, base of metathorax smooth, a little beyond 
a curved, deeply foveolate furrow extends from the central channel to the 
anterior-lateral angles of the metathorax; between these furrows and the 
sides, which are rugose, is a finely punctured space, posterior face before 
apex marked with deep pits. Wings hyaline at base, the apical half fu- 
liginous; nervure and stigma black; costal and subcostal nervures con- 
fluent; tegulz rufo-piceous, tibiz and tarsi covered with whitish pile. 
Abdomen finely punctured, clothed with pale brown pile, which is more 
dense laterally, and on the fifth and sixth segments above, and on the 
posterior margins of the segments beneath, the posterior margins of the 
segments above smooth, rufo-piceous; pygidium large, rounded at tip, 
covered with appressed pale hair, venter reddish beneath. Length .35 
inch. 

d'.—More slender than the 9, the anterior margin of the clypeus sub- 
truncate, or slightly sinuate; the anterior tibz in front and the tarsi are 
rufous; pygidium short, obtuse at tip, with appressed pubescence, other- 
wise as in the 2. Length .30 inch. 

Three specimens, Camden County N. J., July 22d, and Aug. 
10, 1890. 

In this, we add. to our fauna a genus that seems to be inter- 
mediate between the Vyssonide and Larride, which is well de- 
fined by the unarmed metathorax, the intermediate tibize having 
but one spur at apex and the mandibles being notched on their 
outer margin as in Larra. 


Notes and News. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS 
OF THE GLOBE. 
[The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws solicit, and will thankfully receive items 
of news, likely to interest its readers, from any source. The author’s name will be given 
in each case for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] 


In the future all papers received for publication in the News will be 
printed according to date of reception. 


4a§~ See change of wording in notice of Identification of Insects. 


In Mr. Liebeck’s article on the Cicindelide of a Season, published in 
the December number (vol. i) of the NEws he states that he knew of but 
two specimens of Cicindela tortuosa ever taken in New Jersey. I would 
like to place on record the capture of a third specimen, which was taken 
alive, and was found in company with C. Airticollis; the specimen was 
captured at Atlantic City, N. J. It seems strange that Mr. Liebeck should 
remember but two specimens of this species ever taken in New Jersey, 
when it was at Mr. Liebeck’s own suggestion that the specimen in ques- 
tion received a bath of benzine to bring out the markings more clearly. 

PHILIP LAURENT. 


<r. wo 


OO 


‘are 


1861.) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 33 


Tue following description of a variety of Papilio turnus may be of 
interest.to the readers of the News: The specimen, which is a <j‘, was 
taken on the 6th of July, 1890, at Mt. Airy, Pa. The specimen differs 
from the normal ¢ in the almost entire absence of the row of yellow 
markings in the black border of the anterlor wings, only the two yellow 
markings in the extreme apical portion of the wings being present, while 
the row of yellow markings in the border of the posterior wings is nar- 
rowed down to a mere dash, the yellow of which is thickly interspread 
with many gray scales. Of the many descriptions and figures of the va- 
rieties of P. furnus that have been published from time to time, none 
describe the above variation.—PuHILip LAURENT. 


RETINIA CoMSTOCKIANA Fernald, occurs abundantly in yellow pines at 
Sugar Grove, near Lancaster, Ohio. Serious damage results in conse- 
quence, as the infested twigs and branches invariably die. At present, 
October, the larve are lining their mines preparatory to hibernation. The 
habits of the insect here agree well with those given by Prof. Comstock 
(Report Dept. of Agriculture, 1879), whose observations were made at 
Ithaca, N. Y. I have found that weevil follows the moth’s larva as a borer 


in the dead twigs.—Prof. D. S. KELiicorr. 


PLATYCERURA FURCILLA Packard. At the above-mentioned station, 
late in September, I took several larvz, apparently of P. furcilla. They 
were all found concealed among the yellow pine needles; in confinement 
they were rarely seen feeditig. Dr. Lintner has described, with his usual 
accuracy, the larva and its habits in ‘‘ Entomological Contributions,” No. 
3, p 131.—Prof. D. S. KELLIcotr. . 


- Tue Evectrric LIGHT As AN INSECTICIDE.— Any one taking the trouble 
to examine the contents of the globe surrounding anarc light, in the morn- 
ing, will be astonished at the immerise number of insect remains, consist- 
ing of all orders. By far the greater number are small lepidopterous 
forms, and, according to my experience, the Tortricidz outnumbering all 
the rest. Many Neuroptera fall victims to the light, among them large 
numbers of the “ aphis lions,’’ whose larvz feed on the aphides, or plant 
lice; thus we lose one of the agriculturist’s best friends. Many species 
quite rare in collections may be taken ip this way, though very few perfect 
specimens -are to be had, owing to te intense heat of the carbons, the 
slightest touch of which burns the wings. Prof. Lintner made a micro- 
scopical examination of the contents of a single globe, and estimates that 
the débris he inspected represented 33,000 insects, and he believes the 
average number destroyed in a night by a single lamp at nearly 100,000. 
On one occasion I saw nearly three pints of bodies, legs and wings emptied 
from a single globe by a man who replaced the carbon in the morning. 
A 
Humors oF CoLvectinc.—Like all other things, entomology has its 
ludicrous side, as some such squibs as the following will verify: A few 
years ago while out collecting with a fellow-entomologist, not far from 


34 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February, 


Gloucester, N. J., we got in the neighborhood of some tumble-down 
shanties; at the back gate of one that opened on a lot covered with weeds 
stood a woman, with arms akimbo, intently watching our manceuvres, 
when my friend captured a specimen of Limenitis ursula, at which the - 
curiosity of the aforesaid female was sufficiently aroused to ask the ques- 
tion, ‘‘ What do you do with them things?” ‘“‘Oh,” said he, ‘‘ we preserve 
them.’ Lifting up her hands in. apparent disgust, she said, ‘‘ Sakes 
alive, what'll people eat next!’? On another occasion, while collecting 
along the Camden and Atlantic Railroad, I saw, in a narrow gully that 
ran parallel to the track, a portion of a dead snake, which I saw move, 
and, concluding there was a ‘‘ bug’’ at work, I turned it over and found a 
male Necrophorus americana; while looking for the female, which I 
presently found, a countryman, walking along the track, stopped and 
looked down at me just as I dropped it in my bottle and said, ‘‘ What do 
you do with them air things?’ but before I had time to frame an answer 
he continued, ‘‘do you make medsin of ’em?’’ I said “‘yes;” he then 
said, ‘‘ yaas, I’ve heern tell of that afore.”’”—C. A. B. : 


Ir may be of interest to the readers of the News to know that here in 
Oregon we are sympathizers and sufferers with our eastern friends from 
that dread pest of hop growers the hop louse ( Phorodan humu/i), being 
the same as has been doing so much damage heretofore in the Eastern 
States. It has been described and written about extensively by the De- 
partment of Agriculture at Washington, D. C., and a further description 
would be out of place here. The hop crop of Washington for the year 
1890 has been estimated at 38,000 bales, that of Oregon some 18,000 less, 
making a total of 58,000 bales, which may be figured at least within a very 
reasonable limit at 200 pounds to the bale and 30 cents per pound, or 
$60 per bale, or $3,480,000 for the crop. The loss from the hop louse, 
where I have been able to observe, was at least one-fourth of what was 
gathered, or one-fifth of the entire crop, and from the best I have been 
able to learn the loss was about the same in other places; those exposed 
to the morning sun and sheltered from the wind by woods, etc., suffered 
most, the upper river bottoms in general next, while some places were 
almost free from them. By taking one-fourth of those saved, the larger 
amount of which was more or lessg4jamaged, it shows the remarkable loss 
of $870,000 from those little insects alone, so inconspicuous, yet in num- 
bers so formidable. In some localities they came too late to do much 
damage, but where they came early they carried destruction with them. 
From the above figures we conclude it would be well for hop growers to 
avail themselves of the benefits to be derived from the painstaking re- 
searches of our government and let it guide them to the avoidance, if 
possible, of a similar visitation next year.—AURELIUS TODD. 

A Forest PLAGUE IN BAvARIA.—The current Aew Bulletin contains 
several documents describing a terrible pest which has attacked the Ba- 
varian pine forests. It is known as the WVonnen, and is caused by the 
caterpillar of the moth Ziparts monacha, which has regularly attacked 


= 


————————— 


ee, 


1890.] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. - 35 


forests on the Continent for the last 200 years or more. The pest appears 
at long intervals, but each appearance has been calamitous. In Bavaria 
alone the loss in State forest revenue next year is estimated at £40,000. 
According to the report of Mr. Victor Drummond, the Minister at Munich, 
the Winter frosts alone can now rid the forests of the caterpillars, and 
then it is feared that the bark beetle will follow and attack the diseased 
wood. Cuckoos, swallows and other birds, as well as wasps and other 


insects, have helped to get rid of the ‘“‘nuns;’”’ torches and bonfires have 


also been used with Success; and the electri light, with a specially con- 
structed exhauster, has been used with some success. Munich has been 
invaded by the ‘‘nuns’” in immense numbers, and in some places the 
people were obliged to retreat before them. The Bavarian Forest Ad- 
ministration fears that no measures of destruction are of any avail. ‘‘ We 
stand powerless before the immensity of the pest.”” It attacks by prefer- 
ence the pine and fir, but, failing these, it does not despise the beech, oak, 
and other forest trees; but it never attacks corn or wheat, and will never 
touch the horse chestnut. The ortly efficient general measure seems to 
be cutting down the whole forest infected, which makes the remedy worse 
than the disease. The electric light already referred to works by attract- 


__ ing the insects in swarms to the mouth of a large funnel, through which a 


rapid exhaust current of air is forced, sucking the insects into a hole under 
the ground, where they are buried. From a list of the various appear- 
ances of the pest, it seems that the first was in 1449. In 1853 an attack 
was made on East Prussia, but a storm drove the moths into the sea, 
whence they were thrown up by the waves in a huge bank, 30 German 
miles long, 7 feet wide, and 6 inches thick. 


A DRAGONFLY WITH AN ABNORMAL WING.—A female of Zibel/ula 
pulchella Drury, which I have lately examined, has the left front wing 
imperfectly developed. This wing is but three-fifths of the length of the 
right front wing (which is normal). The shortening has taken place 
throughout the entire length of the wing, but chiefly in the space between 
the nodus and the pterostigma. The median sector separates from the 
principal sector at about the usual place—half way between the triangle 
and the nodus—but it is very short, as it curves and joins the subnodal 
sector at about the same distance from the origin of the subnodal, as that 
between the origin of the subnodal and the point of separation of the 
median and principal sectors. The subnodal sector has its origin and 
position much as normal, but under the pterostigma it bifurcates. The 
short sector is bifurcated near its extremity, but is otherwise normal. 
The nodal sector is absent, unless it be represented by a short curved vein 
in the costal space between the nodus and the pterostigma, extending 
from the nodus to the median nervule. The discoidal areolets are entirely 
irregular. The two sectors of the triangle are broken and very irregular. 
The pterostigma is a little broader than normal, the apical spot is not as 
large; the nodal spot is represented by a streak with the same oblique 
trend as the normal spot. 


36 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [F ebruary, 


The measurements of this wing as compared with the right front wing - 
are as follows: in all cases the first figure is that of the (normal) right — 
wing. Length 39.5 mm., 24 mm.; greatest breadth 8.5 mm., 8 mm. 
Length of pterostigma 5 mm., 5mm. Distance from base to nodus 20 
mm., 14mm. Distance from nodus to inner side of pterostigma 12 mm., 
3mm. Antecubitals 17, 9. Postcubitals 12, 2 (the second very short, 
running from the short curved vein = nodal sector?, see ave, to the costa). 
Discoidal triangle long and narrow, with 3 cross-veins; shorter and broader, 
with 1 cross-vein. Internal triangle 6 cells, 2 cells. -Hypertrigonals 2, o. 
Basal streak extends to level of 8th antecubital, about 11 mm.; to level 
of half way between 4th and 5th antecubitals, about 8 mm. 

The relative positions of the unmentioned veins are as nearly normal 
as the shortness of the wing will allow. Both hind wings and the rest of 
the body are normal. 

This female (an adult) was taken in the upper part of the city of Phila- 
delphia, in 1890, by Mr. Charles Yung, who presented it to Mr. Charles 
W. Johnson of the Wagner Institute. To the kindness of Mr. Johnson I 
am indebted for the opportunity of examining and describing it. 

PHILIP P, CALVERT. 


Identification of Insects (Imagos) for Subscribers. 


Specimens will be named under the following conditions: 1st, The number of speci- 
mens to be unlimited for each sending; 2d, The sender to pay all expenses of transporta- 
tion and the insects to become the property of the American Entomological Society; 
3d, Each specimen must have a number attached so that the identification may be an- 
nounced accordingly. Twelve names, if possible, will appéar in each issue of News, 
according to number. Address packages to ENTOMOLOGICAL News, Academy Natural 
Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. —— ~ 


GEORGE MILLER.—2, Cacecia fervidana; 5, Therina seminudaria; 7; 
Thelcteria pupula; 9, Mesographe stramentalis; 12, Pamphila campestris. 


F. H. Hittman.—1, Polyphylla decemlineata; 2, Aphodius granarius; 
3, Cotalpa granicollis; 4, Cremastochilus pilosicollis; 5, Silpha ramosa; 
6, Silpha lapponica; 7, Lermestes marmoratus; 8, Hippodamia ameri- 
cana; 9, Hippodamia Lecontei; 10, Hippodamia spuria; 11, Corea 
transversoguttata; 12, Hippodamia convergens. J 


rm 


G. D. Braprorp —1, Galeruca decora?; 2, Dibolia borealis; 3 Gas- 
troidea cyanea; 4, Amara impuncticollis; 5, Melanotus communis; 6, 
Platynus placidus; 7, Platydema ruficorne; 8, Oedionychis vians; 9, 
Agonoderus pallipes; 10, Byturus unicolor, var.; 11, Telephorus caro- 
linus; 12, Platydema americanum. 


1891. ] _ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 37 


Entomological Literature. 


Tue ENTOMOLOGIST, December, 1890.—Editorial notes on Rhopalocera 
of West Norfolk, by A. Smith. Collecting in Wales, by J. Arkle. A 
preliminary list of the insect fauna of Middlesex, by T. D. A. Cockerell. 
Contributions to the chemistry of insect colors, by F. H. Perry Coste. 
Lists of insects taken in the Faroe and Westmann Isles, and in Iceland, 


_ by Dr. F. A. Walker. Entomological notes, captures, etc. Doings of 


Societies. 


THE ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NaturRAt History, December, 1890. 
On new Longicorn Coleoptera from Madagascar, by C. J. Gahan. De- 
scriptions of new genera of Pyralidze, by W. Warren. Asfidiotus bicari- 
natus, a \epidopterous larva, by E. E. Green. 


THE JOURNAL OF THE BomBay NaTuRAL HIstTory SOCIETY, vol. v, 
No. 3.—On new and little-known butterflies from the Indian region. with 
descriptions of three new genera of Hesperidz, by Lionel De Nicéville 
(with two plates). On new and little-known Hymenoptera from India, 
Burma and Ceylon, by Major C. T. Bingham (with two plates). Notes 
on the larve and pupz of some of the butterflies of the Bombay Presi- 
dency, by J. H. Davidson and E. H. Aitken (three plates). Butterflies 
of the Central Provinces, by J. A. Betham, pt. 3. List of Chin-Lushai 
butterflies, by Lionel De Nicéville. The protective coloring of chrysalids, 
by A. W. Morris. © 


THE CANADIAN RECORD OF SCIENCE, vol. iv, No. 4.—A new Canadian 
Platynus—P. hornii, by T. Hansen, fig. on p. 236. 


MATHEMATISCHE UND NATURWISSENSCHAFTLICHE BERICHTE AUS UN- 
GARN, vii (June, 1888-October, 1889), 1890.—A. Mocsary prints (in Ger- 
man) the introduction to his Monographia Chrysididarum Orbis Terrarum 
Universi. 


L’AUXILIAIRE (Amiens), October, 1890.—The wax of. the cochineal 
insect, by E. André. 


ComPTE-RENDU. SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE BELGIQUE, Nov. 8, 1890. 
—Three unpublished Psychids from southeastern Africa,* by F. J. M. Hey- 
laerts. Megalodon Blanchardi,* n. sp., by C. Brongniart. Description 
of a new species of Elaterid of the genus Chalcolepidius, by E. Candeze: 
C. pistorius, Honduras. Description of a new species of Elaterid of the 
genus Adiaphorus (Candeze),* by G. Dumont. Note on the Hydrocan- 
thares of Chota-Nagpore,* by G. Severin. Diagnoses of some new Co- 
leoptera from the Congo,* by A. Duvivier; Bangalaia, n. gen. of Proso- 
poceride. 


a ‘ é 
* Contains new species other than North American. 


Q* 


38 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February, 


DEUTSCHE ENTOMOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT, 1890, heft 2.—Some new 
Coccinellidz,* by J. Weise; Mitefa n. gen. Tenthredinide of Europe, 
by F. W. Konow; an analytical table of genera and a catalogue of species; 
Amauronematus, Holcocneme, Pachynematus, Lyg@onematus, Microne- 
matus, Eriocampoides, Scolioneura, Loderus, Encarsioneura, n. gen. — 
Description of new Snout Beetles from China,* and The habitat of the 
genus Enda/iscus Kirsch, and a new representative thereof,* by J. Faust. 
On the varieties of some species of Goliathidz, by Dr. G. Kraatz. New 
species of Glycyphana,* by Dr. K. Flach. Cirrhospila and Melinospila, 
two new genera of Macronotide (Cetonidz), by Dr. G. Kraatz; 1 plate. 
On the genus Granida Motsch., id. On varieties of Cicindela [several 
species]; id. On species of Jele,* by K. Escherich. Analytical review 
of the known species of Lethrus.* by E. Reitter. List of the Wasp 
Guests collected by Dr, A. Forel in South Tunis and East Algeria,* by 
E. Wasmann. New Myrmecophilous Staphylinze from Brazil,* by E. 
Wasmann; figs.; Lcitophila, Mesotrochus n. gen. Snout Beetles from 
the Mediterranean countries,* by J. Faust. Mylabridze or Bruchidez, ad- 
ditional notes,* by F. Baudi. Malthodes Liegel,* n. sp., by J. Weise. 
Two new North African genera of Melolonthidz, by Dr. G. Kraatz; J/- 
crophylla, Sphodroxia, n. gen. Thirteenth contribution to the Coleop- 
terous Fauna of Turkestan,* by Dr. L. von Heyden, E. Reitter and J. 
Weise. Contribution to the Coleopterous Fauna of Amasia and Samsoun 
in northern Asia Minor, by Dr. L. von Heyden and E. Reitter. Revision 
of the species of the Palzearctic Fauna of the Coleopterous genus Hopiia 
Zil.,* by E. Reitter. New Coleoptera from Europe, the bordering coun- 
tries and Siberia, with remarks on known species,* eleventh part, by E. 
Reitter. On varieties of Pachnoda (two species) and Brachagenius, new 
genus of Trichiadz,*.by Dr. G. Kraatz; figures. 


VERHANDLUNGEN DES NATURHISTORISCHES VEREINS DER PREUS- 
SICHEN RHEINLANDE, WESTFALENS UND DES REG. BEZIRKS OSNABRUCK, 
5th series, vii, 1st half, 1890.—The Coleopterous Fauna of Soest, by C. 
Verhoeff. The Gall-flies and Galls of Siegerland,* by E. H. Riibsaamen; 
with two plates. 


1. BIDRAG TIL KUNDSKABEN OM NORGES HEMIPTEROG ORTHOPTER- 
FAUNA. 2. SUPPLEMENT TIL H. SIEBKE’S ENUMERATIO INSECTORUM 
NorvEGIcorvuM, Fasc. iv (Diptera), Christiana, 1889. Both by W. M. 
Schoyen. ot: 


Nova Acta pDER Ks. Leop.-CaRoL. DEuTSCHEN AKADEMIE DER 
NATURFORSCHER, liv, No. 4, 5. Halle, 1890.—Systema Geometrarum zonz 
temperatioris septentrionalis, by C. F. von Gumppenberg, Parts 3 and 4; 
Cartographa, Limonophila, Epicaste, new genera. 


ENTOMOLOGISCHE NACHRICHTEN, xvi, No. 22, November, 1890.— 
Synopsis of the species of the coleopterous genus Acm@odera Eschsch. 


* Contains new species other than North American. # 


—- as i 


a, 


2 ———E 


1891. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 39 


known to me from Europe and the neighboring countries,* E, Reitter. 
For preparing Hymenoptera, by Dr. H. von Jhering. Ichneumonid 
studies,* by Dr. Kriechbaumer, Jschuidium, n. gen. for JLschnogaster 
preoccupied. A 


ZEITSCHRIFT FUR WISSENSCHAFTLICHE ZOOLOGIE, li, No. 1.—On the 
Halteres of Diptera, by E. Weinland. A paper of 112 pages, illustrated 
by five plates and two woodcuts. 


ARCHIV FUR NATURGESCHICHTE, lvi, 1 Bd., No. 3.—The claw joint on 
the Insect Foot: A contribution to the knowledge of its structure and 
function, by A. Ockler; two plates. 


REVUE BIOLOGIQUE DU NorD DE LA FRANCE 3e Annee, No. 3.—Notes 
on the Acarocecidz,* by Dr. H. Fockeu. 


It NATURALISTA SICILIANO, ix, No. 11.—Some remarks on the work 
of Prof. B. Grassi and Dr. G. Rovelli. ‘‘Il sistema dei Tisanuri” [Thy- 
sanura,} by Dr. J. T. Oudemans. No. 12. Lepidopterological notes (con- 
tinued), by E. Ragusa; on Sicilian species. 


SITZUNGSBERICHTE DER KONIGL. BOHMISCHEN GESELLSCHAFT DER 
WISSENSCHAFTEN. MATHEMATISCH-NATURWISSENSCHAFTLICHE CLASSF, 
1890, I.—Preliminary list of the Bohemian Trichoptera, by F. Klapalek. 


ENTOMOLOGISCHE NACHRICHTEN, xvi, No. 23.—List of Locustodez 
of the families Phaneropteride, Mekonemidz and Gryllakridz, collected 
by Dr. Paul Preuss at Barombi Station, German West Africa, in 1890,* 
by Dr. F. Karsch; Dithela, Drepanophyllum, Catoptropteryx, Preussia, 
new genera. . 


ComptTe-:RENbv. L’ ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES, Dec. 8, 1890.—Note on a 
new genus of jumping Acarina from the coast of the Channel, by MM. 
‘Topsent and Dr. Trouessart; Nanorchestes amphibius, gen. and sp. new. 


TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE, xxxiii, Deel, 1 and 2, Aflevering. 
[The Hague,] 1890. The Macrolepidoptera of Breda and its environs, 
supplementary list No. 9, by F. J. M. Heylerts. Tabular review of the 
Bembidioni taken in the Netherlands, by Dr. E. Everts. Papilio van de 
Polli nov. sp.,* by P. C. T. Snellen. Comparative studies on Wasp 
Guests and Termite Guests, by E. Wasmann, one plate. Euplea Gelderii 
nov. spec.,* by P. C, T. Snellen. System-Schema of the Pselaphidz, by 
Dr. L. W. Schaufuss; an analytical table of the family with descriptions 
of new fossil genera and species from the Baltic amber; four plates illus- 
trate both living and fossil species. On two native and three Javan 
species of the genus Aypenodes Guen.,* by P. C. T. Snellen; one plate. 
Proceedings, etc. 


* Contains new species other than North American. 


40 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February, 


ENTOMOLOGISCHE NACHRICHTEN, xvi, No. 24, December, 1890,.—List 
of the Locustodee of the families Phaneropteridze, Mekonemidze and 
Gryllakridz, collected by Dr. Paul Preuss at Barombi in German West 
Africa in 1890 (concluded), by Dr. F. Karsch. On Gomphidze,* ibid.; — 
Neurogomphus, Podogomphus, n. gen. Additions to the Hymenoptera 
described in No. 21,* by C. Verhoeff. Notes. Literature. As if in con- 
firmation of certain remarks of the reviewer in the January number (pp. 
17, 18), Dr. Karsch says, in a foot-note to his article on the Gomphide, 
‘Since not names alone, but only clear ideas advance science, I here follow 
the well-weighed works of the monographer Selys and not Kirby, whose 
Synonymic Catalogue of the Neuroptera Odonata has already suffered an 
unfavorable criticism from Selys..... The use of a generic name 
Aeshna F. (for Gomphus Leach) alongside of Aeschna Ilig. should 
hardly find observance..’ 


REVUE D’ENTOMOLOGIE (Caen), ix, No. 10, October, 1890.—Habits and 
metamorphoses of insects (concluded), by Capt. Xambeu (Coleoptera). 
To the knowledge of the Nabidz,* by O. M. Reuter; Hop/istoscelis (for 
N. sericans Reut. and other species from N. America, etc.), Haloradis, 
Lasiomerus, Acanthonabts, Stenonabis, new subgen. Necrology—E. T. 
Atkinson, E. Bergroth. Materials for the myrmecological fauna of Sierra 
Leone (West Africa),* by Ernest André; Psalidomyrmex, n. gen. 


* Contains new species other than North American. 


a 
OBITUARY. 


OweEN S. WiLson died at Cwmffrwd, Carmarthen, on August 25th 
last. He was the author of a work on the Larve of British Lepidoptera, 
367 pp., 40 colored plates; published in 188o. 


E. T. Atkinson, Accountant General of Bengal, and President of the 
Board of Trustees of the Indian Museum, died at Calcutta, September 
15th. His entomological writings are important and well known, one of 
the latest being a Catalogue of the Capsidze of the World. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL News for December was mailed December 1, 1890. 
si ‘for January was mailed January 3, 1891. 


En r. News. VoL.2. PL.3. 


EDWIN SHEPPARD. DEL.ET LITH. Tue Century Litx. Go, PHILA. 


Fig, 1, PHRAGMATOBIA ASSIMILANS WALKER, 
Fig. ¢, PHRAGMATOBIA VAR.F RANG ONIA -SLOSSON. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 


_ PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION, 


ACADEMY NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. 


VOL. II. MARCH, 18or. . No. 3. 
CONTENTS: 

Slosson—Phragmatobia assimilans....... 41 | Dyar—Composia fidelissima...........+ 49 

Fox—Hymenoptera from East Africa... 42 | Harvey—Odonata of Maine........-....+ 50 

Rowley—Observations on Paphia trog- Notes and: N@wsseck.css.cssssonphutatessdaccssate 51 

ESE iccdseupbsscncnacon-npestasesses<°-~* 43 | Entomological Literature.............0.0++++: 56 

P. P. C.—Elementary Entomology....... 46 | Doings of Societies.......sscscssesessesea:ceseee 60 


Phragmatobia assimilans ». var. franconia, P!. III, fig. 2. 
BY ANNIE TRUMBULL SLOSSON. 
(See Vol. II, No. 1, p. 2.) 


Red. Abdomen conical, short and stout, with darker dorsal 
and lateral lines; pilose. Thorax darker and still more pilose. 
Primaries rather thinly clothed with scales, the ground color red, 
thickly sprinkled with dark brown, but with color of under ground 
showing through, so as to make the general tint a reddish choco- 
late; two discal dots connected,by line, and two diffuse transverse 
lines, all of leaden black. The anterior line is arcuate, the pos- 
terior runs obliquely to median vein, then curves and takes a 
sinuously oblique course to inner margin. Secondaries pale red 
with two small discal dots, and a submarginal band somewhat 
irregular and interrupted, of leaden black. Antennz simple, 
whitish. Underside of primaries and secondaries an almost even 
tint!of bright red; the submarginal band on secondaries and discal 
dots of both sets of wings showing through faintly. 

_ Described from one female, taken at light, May 24, 1890, at 
Franconia, N. H. 


u ’ 


42 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, 


On three species of Hymenoptera from East Africa. 


BY WILLIAM J. FOX. 


The three species of Hymenoptera mentioned herein represent 
a portion of a small collection of insects collected by Dr. Wm. 
L. Abbott, on Mt. Kilima Njaro, E. Africa, at an elevation of 
4000 feet, and presented by him to the American Entomological 
Society. 


Sphex Abbotii n. sp.—Q. Black; head and thorax clothed with long 
black pubescence, which is short and rather bristly on the dorsulum, and 
intermingled with griseous on cheeks and sides of the thorax; clypeus 
feebly and sparsely punctured, with a shallow depression centrally, before 
the anterior margin with a strong transverse impression, the anterior mar- 
gin, medially incurved, with a slight tooth or process on each side of the 
incurvation of inner eye; margin not altogether parallel as they begin to 
converge at a point opposite the ocelli; labrum acutely carinated on its 
anterior portion, the carina projecting sharply over its ‘margin; a distinct 
impression extends from lower ocellus to between the base of antennze; 
the ocelli placed in a V-shaped furrow; thorax on the sides shining, finely 
punctured, the dorsulum very finely rugose; scutellum with a strong me- 
dial impression; metathorax above coriaceous, impunctate, with a distinct 
longitudinal furrow, which is broader and deeper at apex, on the sides the 
metathorax is finely punctured; stigma furrow curved, foveolate; wings 
brownish black, with a strong violaceous reflection, first recurrent neryure 
received by the second submarginal cell before its apex, the second being 
received by the third submarginal cell between its base and middle, and 
is strongly bent towards the apex of the wing, third submarginal cell much 
narrower above than beneath; the anterior tarsi with a row of long spines 
posteriorly, the first joint with three spines in the middle of its anterior 
margin; abdomen shining, the venter with a few long black hairs. Length 
30 mm. 


One specimen. 


Belonogaster rufipennis De Geer. 


One specimen. 


Xylocopa nigrita? Fab. 


One specimen, which agrees tolerably well with the short diag- 
nosis given by Smith (Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 261), but 
it has the anterior and posterior femora entirely black, and is 12 
mm. longer. Not having specimens of migvita, 1 am in some 
doubt as to the identity of this specimen. The length is 40 mm, 


- 


1891. | é ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. ; 43° 


Observations on the butterfly, Paphia troglodita. 
BY PROF. R. R. ROWLEY. 


I have studied this species through the last six or seven sum- 
mers, in the field, on its food-plant and in my rearing jars, and 
am quite well acquainted with its habits. Perhaps some of my 
observations will be of interest to the readers of ENTOMOLOGICAL 
NEws. 

The imago is one of our hardiest butterflies, appearing early 
in the Spring and lingering late in the Autumn. I have seen it 
on pleasant days in late March and early April at sunny spots in 
the woods darting from the trees to the dry leaves that cover the 
ground, and away again at the slightest noise. At that season it 
also frequents sunny south hillsides, and is always very active, 
being at all times a difficult butterfly to take in the net. 

The last brood of imagos appears in early October and often 
flies till November, appearing in the Spring as a very ragged and 
anything but handsome insect. 

As its food-plant, Croton capitatum, is an annual, slow to ger- 
minate, and tardy in its growth, the eggs for the first brood are 
not laid till May. It hardly seems possible that these torn and 
faded butterflies of March should linger till May to fulfil the 
mission of nature, but they are fitted by that same nature to sur- 
vive the frosts of Winter, and why should they not adapt them- 
selves to their surroundings and accommodate themselves to 
circumstances ? 

The eggs hatch in from four to six days. They are round, 
apparently smooth, and, when first laid, of a pale sky-blue, 
almost transparent appearance, growing yellowish and opaque in 
two or three days. 

There are, perhaps, three broods of butterflies in a season, but 
this is a hard question to determine, as there is a constant inter- 
mingling of the broods, the same plant often supporting eggs, 
freshly hatched larve, half grown and full grown caterpillars at 
the same time. 

Although Croton capitatum is an abundant plant here, the ? 
Troglodita seems to be rather choicé of a place for her eggs and 
out of a cluster of weeds will select one or two to the neglect of 
the others, even depositing as many as four or five and often two 
eggs on the underside of one leaf. 


44 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, 


Again, in neglected fields or pastures, you may wade through 
thousands of crowded plants with rarely a sight of a larva, or 
examine closely the great patches of Croton in the woods with 
little reward for your trouble. 

It is by the roadside, in the cultivated fields, or along the sandy 
or gravelly beds of streams that the plants seem especially in- 
viting to the females, and thrifty isolated weeds are often com- 
pletely defoliated by the larvee in late Summer. 

Where the larve are abundant an occasional pupa is found 
suspended beneath a shelter made by fastening two or three 
leaves together by their edges with an underlining of silk, but 
search among neighboring stones and chunks fails to disclose 
chrysalids, a fact that sets one to wondering if the larve ever 
leaves its food-plant to suspend for pupation. I have never seen 
a larva on the ground, yet they must sometimes travel from plant 
to plant, as a few caterpillars soon defoliate a young Croton plant, 
and such leafless weeds are often seen without even a place for 
the suspension of a pupa. 

In the rearing jars more than half of the larvee, just prior to 
suspension, manifest no more activity than they have during their 
sluggish larva-hood, but commence at once to construct a shelter, 
while a much smaller number spin ladders of silk up the glass 
sides and suspend from the underside of the cover at the top. 

The young larva, as soon as it begins to eat, commences the 
construction of a perch much as the larva of Limenitis is known 
to make, by using waste bits of leaf and excrement, fastened and 
stiffened with silk. This perch is usually at the apex of the leaf, 
but once I found two perches on the same leaf, and one was 
lateral. The little, caterpillar rests on this perch when not feed- 
ing, and it serves, undoubtedly, for protection to the delicate 
creature against its keen-eyed enemies whatever they may be. 

At the second molt the larva has developed. a new building in- 
stinct. After selecting a suitable leaf it draws the edges together, 
securing them with silk, and takes refuge in this retreat. In 
feeding, the larva usually crawls out upon the stem to an adjoin- 
ing leaf, but quite often, in its sluggishness, it attacks the base 
of its shelter, literally devouring its own home. 

A young caterpillar seems to have no idea of the fitness of — 
things, and constructs an abode large enough for a full grown 
‘‘worm,’’ secreting itself in the smaller end of its house, which, 


a ee 


1891. } ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 45 


upon a hasty examination, might be mistaken for an abandoned 
retreat of a mature larva. 

The larva is a dirty white or soiled green color of a granular 
appearance, with a large head, the body tapering slightly back- 
ward. Before suspension it has become a watery green, and after 
attaching itself to the silk button, it rests in a circular or loop- 
like position, the head bent forward till it quite reaches the button. 

The pupa is usually of a beautiful green color, but sometimes 
is speckled with brown, and occasionally of a brown tint alto- 
gether, while rarely it is almost black. The abbreviated abdo- 


men, the green color and appearance of the pupa in suspension 


reminds the observer of the pupa of Archippus, but the resem- 
blance is not striking. 

The pupal period is seven or eight days. For twelve hours 
before giving the imago the color and markings of the wings in 
miniature, beneath the pupal sheath, may be distinctly seen, and 


it is as easy to distinguish the females from the males by the wing 


band as it is among the imagos. 

_ The fresh imagos will hang in the cage for some time unless 
crowded, without fluttering, and often when taken between the 
thumb and finger after having been out four or five hours they 
will fain death, sometimes dropping to the bottom of the cage 
when an attempt is being made to remove them. | This is oftener 
the case, however, when they are fresh from the pupa and with 
no strength of wing. I have noticed the same thing in Vanessa _ 
antiopa, and perhaps this ‘‘’ possum policy’’ is common to many 
diurnals. 

The male imagos differ little in color or markings, being a 
uniform reddish brown with a darker border to the wings. An 
occasional ¢, however, displays a faint cross band on the forward 
wings, or, more properly, the broken boundary lines of a band- 
like field, and the same more rarely on the hind wings. 

The females differ much in color and the appearance of the 
band. The underwings of the ? vary from a reddish brown to 
a yellowish brown. : 

The females of the earlier broods have nearly a uniform color 
over the entire wings, the band being merely outlined by bound- 
ing lines, or if the band differ in color from the rest of the wing 
it is not a noticeable difference. Moreover, the ground color of 
these earlier females is a brownish red, but paler than in the males. 


46 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, 


The females of the later broods are usually lighter in color, 
and in most cases with more pronounced bands on the wings. 

The band is sometimes almost yellow in contrast with a brown- 
ish red wing, making a very attractive cabinet specimen. 

Often the hind wings are a shade lighter in color than the for- 
ward ones, and occasionally there is a row of yellow points or 
small spots beyond the band on this wing, and very rarely so on 
the front wing. The more distinct band distinguishes the later 
from the earlier female. 

This butterfly may be seen by the roadside, near its food-plant, 
in sunny places, or about streams of water. The 9 is rately met 
with away from Croton, while the $ wanders broadly. At some 
damp place he may be found sipping, but it takes a clever hand 
to capture him. At the slightest jar he darts into the neighbor- 
ing tree tops with the rapidity of an arrow, and it takes a quick 
eye even to follow him. He may come back, but his coming is 
as sudden as his going, and before you have collected yourself _ 
for a forward movement he is off again, and he rarely settles in ~ 
the same place twice. With his wings folded, he defies detection 
among the brown leaves or stones, and you must flush him before 
you take him, and once flushed nothing but skillful manceuvreing 
can outwit him. 

The larva of Paphia troglodita feeds on both Croton capitatum 
and C. monanthogynum, both of which grow here, often together. 
The former, however, seems to be the preferred food-plant. In 
one plant last August I counted twenty-five larve of all sizes, 


from those just hatched to those full grown. On another plant 
sixteen. . 


f). 
VU 


ELEMENTARY ENTOMOLOGY. 


Ninth Paper.—CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS. 


, 


The number of kinds of insects is very great, so that no one 
can hope to study minutely the structure, habits and transforma- 
tions of but very few of them. But enough can easily be learned 
about the various kinds in a general way, to know that the whole 
great group of insects can be successively subdivided into smaller 
and smaller groups. 

What we may call the unit in this subdivision or classification, 


a a ae 


ie ee al 


1891. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 47 


is the sfecies.* By a species of plants, animals, or insects, we 
mean a group of individual plants, animals, or insects (1) alike 
in appearance and (2) capable of producing fertile offspring 
among themselves.t The first part (1) of this definition is mor- 
phological, that is, it has to do with form, structure, etc.; the 
second part (2) is physiological, or has to do with functions or 
actions. 

The morphological part of the definition, ‘‘alike in appear- 
ance,’’ admits of variations. It is well known that of very many 
animals and plants there are varieties, differing more or less in 
appearance, and that individuals of two different varieties, inter- 
breeding, will produce fertile offspring. For this reason we must 
consider these two varieties to belong to one and the same spe- 
cies. On the other hand, two animals or plants, differing more 
or less in appearance, which will not produce fertile offspring 
between each other, must be considered to belong to different 
species. 

Practically, in the study of insects, we can very rarely apply 
the second or physiological part of our definition. We must, 
therefore, rely to a very great extent on the morphological part. 
If we meet with two insects differing in structure, form, color, 
etc., or any or all of these characteristics, we must consider them 
as of different species, either until we learn of other insects in- 
termediate between these two, and which ‘‘ quite bridge over the 
difference previously supposed to exist’’ between them, or until 
we learn that these two insects, interbreeding, will produce fertile 
offspring. But in applying these principles in our study, we 
must be cautious about two things: in affirming the existence of 
“‘new,’’ that is, undescribed species, based on the existence of 
single, more or less doubtful specimens; and in regarding 
as of different species, the two dissimilar sexes of one and the 
same species. 

But after having attempted thus much in explanation of what 
a species is, it cannot be too strongly insisted that 20 hard and 
Jast lines exist in nature to separate species. Indeed, the desig- 
nation of certain groups as ‘‘species,’’ ‘‘genera,’’ ‘‘ orders,’’ 


* Experience has shown that it is well to point out that the singular and the plural o 
this word are spelied alike—sfecies. 


7 In the preparation of this paper the writer is partly indebted to Prof. St. George 
Mivart’s work on ‘‘ The Cat,” chap, xii. 1881, 


48 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, 


etc., is rather for purposes of convenience than as statements of 
absolute differences. 


Groups of species form genera. A genus cannot be easily de- 
fined, even in the imperfect way in which we have defined a spe- 


cies. All the species belonging to the same genus possess certain 
structural characters in common. 

Groups of genera form families; groups of families form o7- 
ders; groups ef orders form classes. Two classes differ from 


each other by characters more widely different than those which 


divide two orders, and so on down the scale. | Intermediate 
groups, such as sazdclasses, between classes and orders; suborders, 
between orders and families; subfamilies, between families and 
genera ; and subgenera, between genera and species, are also 
employed in classification.’ A ¢ride is a division sometimes placed 
between a family and a subfamily; sometimes between a family 
and an order. 

The scientific nomenclature employed for insects (as for all 


animals and plants) is to give to each species two names of either 
Greek or Latin form. Thus, the name of the Honey Bee is 4pzs 


mellifica. The first name is generic, the second specific. A fa- 
miliar comparison is that which likens the generic name to a per- 
son’s surname, the specific name to his individual, or Christian 


name. This binomial nomenclature is dated from the time of 


Carl von Linné (Linnaeus, b. 1707, d. 1778), the great Swedish 
systematist. Linné’s genera, in very many cases, correspond to 
our present families, or even suborders. The constant discovery 
of species unknown to Linné, rendered his genera large and un- 
wieldy, and revealed characters for the subdivision of his genera 
into smaller genera. The abbreviated name of the author who 
first proposed the name of the insect in question, usually follows 
the specific name. Although usage in this respect varies, it is 
best that the author’s name should be that of him who first gave 
the specific name, regardless of the genus in which he placed it. 

It has frequently happened that the same species of insect has 
received several specific names from different authors, due to such 
causes as the insufficiency of previous descriptions, describing 
two dissimilar sexes of the same species as different species, ig- 
norance of the existence of previous descriptions, insufficiency 
of the characters given as separating two species at one time 


presumed to be distinct, ete. In such cases ¢he name of the spe- 


2 +o 
: 
. ee 


; 


a a 


1891. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 49 


cies is to be the one first given to it, or in some fewer cases, that 
one which has been most commonly used. The other names are 
synonyms. To determine the correct name of a species and its 
synonymy is very frequently a most difficult task, and in some 
cases can only be decided by a comparison of the types of the 
descriptions concerned. 

Family names are usually formed from the name of the prin- 
cipal genus with the termination zdz@ added. To a less extent 
subfamily names end in zzz, also formed from generic names. 

The “ye of a genus is that species which best represents the 
characters of that genus; the ¢ypica/ genus or family, is the most 
representative genus or family of the larger group to .which it 
belongs. The zyfe or types of a species are the individual speci- 
mens from which the species was described. | ey gan OP 


va 


COMPOSIA FIDELISSIMA versus C. OLYMPIA. 


BY HARRISON G. DYAR. 


On opening the December number of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws 
I was pleased to see Prof. French’s excellent figure of Composia 
olympia Butl., but I wish to state that it does not differ in any 
particular from my examples of C. fidelissima H. S., and that 
there is only one species of Composia now known from Florida.. 
The question resolves itself into one of the correct determina- 
tion of the species, and I append Herrich-Schaeffer’s description: 
that of Mr. Butler I have not been able to see. Further than 
this I have seen in the American Museum of Natural History, by 
the kindness of Mr. Beutenmiiller, two specimens of this species, 
which, I am informed, are the ones that were before Mr. Grote 
at the time of his writing on the Zygznide of Cuba,* where they 
are referred to as fidelissima. It is possible that Mr. Butler has 
redescribed this species under the name o/ympia, but this point 
I am not now in a position to decide. 
Composia fidelissima Hert-Sch. 


1866—Her.-Sch., Cor. Bl. Reg. No. 9, p. 132. 
1867—Grote, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. vi, 303. 


. . . . Nigra, cyaneonitida, punctis acpitis, thoracis et baseos alarum 


_ anter. niveis; maculis niveis ante limbum alarum omnium, preterea serie- 


bus duabus costalibus anteriorum, maculisque tribus purpureis versus 
basin costz.”’ 


: * Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. ° 


50 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, 


Unless there are two closely-allied species of Composia in Cuba 
the above description applies well to the present form, except 
that the underside is not described. 


NOTE ON THE HABIT OF COMPOSIA FIDELISSIMA H.-S.—Ex- 
amples of this species were taken by me on the east shore of 
Lake Worth, Florida, as already noted in these pages, and they 
exhibited a means of defence which I have not observed in any 
other moth. When captured, so that’ it was unable to fly, the 
insect, by expanding and contracting its abdomen, forced a col- 
umn of yellowish froth out of the centre of its thorax above. 
The froth was of about the consistency of soap-suds, and the 
little bubbles, of which it was composed, ‘‘ went out’’ after a time 


leaving a yellow stain. All that were taken, including individuals - 


of both sexes, behaved in this manner, with the exception of two, 
in one of which the froth exuded from a point in the underside 
of the abdomen, and in the other from the end of a broken vein 
of one hind wing. It would appear as if this froth was formed 
from the blood of the insect, which was forced out by the pres- 
sure of contracting the abdomen from the point of least resist- 
ance, usually the centre of the thorax, where there is probably a 
small aperture. HARRISON G, DyAr. 


0). 
Vv 


A CONTRIBUTION TO THE ODONATA OF MAINE. 


Specimens in the Maine State College Collection, or taken near 
Orono, Penobscot County, Me., in 1890. 


BY F. L.. HARVEY. 


Tribe IL—AGRIONINA. 
Subfamily 1.—CALOPTERYGINA. 


1. Calopteryx maculata Beauvois.—Common over running 
water. Chemo Stream, Bradley, July. Several pairs taken 
mating. The female usually, when followed by the male, comes 
to rest on the alder bushes. The male flies over her and seizes 


her by the neck; she then turns her abdomen under to the second © 


segment of the SHE 
2. Calopteryx equabilis Say.—Scarce; only one pair taken 
July. Flying over water with the above. 


° 


—-_t-—s~ 


1891. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. ih, a 


' Subfamily 2.—AGRIONINA. 


3. Argia violacea Hagen.—Chemo Stream, July 15th; Otter 


Creek, August 30th; over bogs and ponds. Common. 


4. Argia putrida Hagen.—August 8th; over dry road. Rather 
common. 

5. Argia apicalis Say.— August 8th; over dry road with above. 
A single 9. 

6. Ischnura verticalis Say.—Chemo bog, July; Frog Pond, 
Orono, September 3d; several pairs mating. This species had 
the habit of lighting on the surface of conferve, and «tiga so 
close to the water they were hard to take with a net. 

orange form.* Not rare over Chemo bog. July. 


(To be continued.) 


Notes and News. 
ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS 
OF THE GLOBE. 
[The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News solicit, and will thankfully receive items 
of news, likely to interest’its readers, from any source. The author’s name will be given 
in each case for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] 


In the future all papers received for publication in the News will be 
printed according to date of reception. 


835- See change of wording in notice of Identification of Insects. 


FROM A FORMER SUBSCRIBER.—I have no intention of taking the News 
another year. It is too advanced for me; it shoots over my head and 
seldom hits me. 


QvuerRyY.—Has any entomologist noticed the effect of thunder storms 
upon larva? It has been a source of considerable thought to me that this 
may be one of the causes of the scarcity of certain common species of 
our fauna. I base the idea on the following experience: sometime ago I 
received a quill of Saturnia perneyi eggs, which in due time produced 
larva, but very early, and I had quite a task to discover the food-plant. 
I had received information with the eggs ‘‘that they fed on oak.”’ I tried 
all the oaks I could think of, and nearly lost all my larva; at last I tried 


* Following my identifications of Miss Wadsworth’s Odonata, Prof. Harvey had re- 
ferred the orange females to Ramburii Selys. I am now satisfied that the specimens quoted 
in Miss Wadsworth’s list as ‘‘ /. Raméurii female orange var.”’ (ENT. NEWS, I, p. 36, No. 4) 
are really the orange females of vertica/is. With Prof. Harvey’s permission I have made 
a similar change in his MS. The orange females of verticalis have a narrow humeral 


- black stripe on each side of the dorsum of the thorax, and the 1st, 2d and basal part of 


the 3d abdominal segment are orange on the dorsum. The orange females of Raméburii 
have no humeral thoracic stripe, and the orange at the base of the abdominal dorsum is 
confined to the first and the base of the second segment.—PuILiP P. CALVERT. 


52 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. -[March, 


Pin Oak, which they fed on readily, and I succeeded in getting several 
imagos. From a pair of these I started the second brood, now knowing 
the food-plant I lost none by starvation. During the latter part of July I 
had 133 larva between the second and third moults; my breeding-box was - 
covered with wire, such as is used for window-screens, etc., and was 
placed near an open window, on the second floor, facing West. During 
the afternoon a terrific thunder storm raged, the lightning vivid and close. 
During the storm I went to close the window when I found a number of ~ 
the larva hanging limp and dead over the boughs of the food. After the 
storm I took from the cage 71 dead larva. The rest appeared all right, 
but somewhat sluggish for a day or so; during the early part of August, 
and between the third and fourth moult, we had a similar storm, with the 
same effect on the larva, for, on the next day, I found all dead but 13, 
which I succeeded in raising to imagines. Two years ago I was raising a 
brood of Zelea polyphemus, which you notice is closely allied to the for- 
mer, when the same phenomena took place, and I lost nearly all the 
brood. Was it the electricity, the heavy thunder claps, or natural causes? 
Has any entomologist had similar experience with other species? 
JAMEs S. JOHNSON. 

THE larve of the Papilio anchisiades live on the lime or orange trees, — 
which they do a good deal of harm to. When young they are of a dirty 
yellowish red color, glossy and quasi-transparent; when full grown they 
are about two inches long, of a dark brown color with irregular markings 
of cream color. I captured a group of ten on the 18th of July, 1889, on 
the leaves of a lime tree, the branch having over 100 leaves. I cut this 
branch from the trunk of the tree, placed it in my breeding cages at six 
P.M.; revisited it on the next day and found only the bare stalks of the 
branch, all of the leaves having been consumed. The larve feed at night, 
and in the day are seen grouped together in various numbers one over , 
the other; when disturbed, like all caterpillars of the genus Papilio, they ~ 
emit two horns from the ring immediately preceding the head, which is 
the thoracic portion of the future adult, giving off at the same time a most 
infectious smell. I always thought that this smell emanated from the 
protrusion of the horns, but I noticed that at that moment of throwing 
them off, they discharged a greenish liquid from their mouths which I as- 
certained to be the substance that smelled. I fed them up to the 16th of 
August, when they were transformed into chrysalids. In this stage they 
are very much, both in color and shape, like a piece of decayed wood. — 
The caterpillar before completing its transformation spends about 24 hours 
motionless on the spot where it is to effect the change, fixes itself tightly 
with a gummy substance by the anus; then provides two strings which 
are passed higher up, and, as soon as ready, lets go the place where it ~ 
held with its legs, and the wonderful motionless, though living insect, lays 
there at an angle of 45 for 17 days, for on the 2d of September I contem- 
plated the marvellous metamorphosis. There was the Papilio anchisiades 
weak and almost helpless for about three hours, but soon to be seen flit- 
ting about the lime tree.—H. CaRAccIoLo, Trinidad. 


=. 


ae ee | 
a 


1891. ] _ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. as 


VANESSA URTIOA.—From Oakland, Cal., I received, two specimens of 
a year ago. They were taken in suburbs of Oakland by the children of a 
friend of mine in the Summer or Autumn of 1889. They arrived with a 


_ lot of diurnals containing a number of V. californica in the Spring of 


1890, and, inasmuch as the most of those Vanessa were oily, I did not 
relax specimens until I had time to de-oil them, and when I discovered 
V. urtioe among the lot, was puzzled to know what they were. I had no 
European specimens in my collection. It is fully forty years ago since I 
took any in my native land, and had forgotten what little I then knew of 
this species. I possess Emmons’ ‘“‘ Agricult. Nat. History of New York,”’’ . 


in which an illustration is given, which agrees perfectly with my /. urtioe. 


In referring to Dr. H. Strecker’s ‘‘Synonymical, Catalogue of Macro- 
lepidoptera”’ 1878, I find under genus Vanessa, page 133, the following 
foot-note: ‘‘Emmons, in ‘Agr. Nat. Hist.’ N. Y., v, p. 209, t. 46 (1854), 
describes and figures . urtiog, stating that it occurred in New York,— 
of course erroneously, as no authenticated instance of its capture in this 
country is known.” Italics are mine. 

My entomological literature is very limited, and I have no knowledge 
whether its capture in this country is reported or not. I took a specimen 
to the assistant of Mr. B. Neumoegen, Mr. J. Doll, and the latter con- 
firmed that it was V. urtioe, but doubted its occurrence in this country 
until I assured him that it was taken in California. 

My friend or his children are not entomologists, and I had to instruct 
them by letter where and how to capture Lepidoptera, and many of those 
first received were anything but perfect specimens. In coloring, V. urtioe 
are good, but devoid of antennz. One of those children had a fondness. 
for studying insects, and I have succeeded in keeping him, a eleven-year 
old boy, busy taking many nice_specimens for me, inasmuch as he now 


. understands better how to handle Lepidoptera. 


RICHARD E. Kunze, M.D. 


Mr. A. SIDNEY OLLIFF, late assistant in the museum, Sidney, Australia, 
has been appointed to the newly-instituted office of Government Ento- 


_mologist in the Department of Agriculture, New South Wales. His duties. 


will be chiefly the study of insects affecting fruits and crops, whether in- 
jurious or beneficial, and publishing reports on the results of the informa- 
tion of farmers and horticulturists. According to the latest news as to 
the new insect pest, Mr. Olliff will not lack employment. 


EGG PARASITES.—From a group of eggs similar to those sent to the 
Academy, there escaped a number of flies kindly identified by Mr. L. O. 
Howard as a new species of Hadronotus, a proctotrupid of the subfamily 
Scelioninz. The present group, apparently alike, though lighter in color, 
being found upon a green stem, was placed in a bottle with a little water 
to maintain the vegetable growth. The eggs are of a light bronze color, 
oval, with a network of surface markings and a crown of spines near the 
upper end. From them hatched an equal number of hemipterous larvze 
that at first gathered upon the underside of a leaf. Desiring to learn what 


54. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March, — 


the mature insect was to which the Hadronotus had acted as an egg para- 
site, an attempt was made to raise these larve, but they evidently were 
not vegetable feeders, for after shedding their first skins they died one 
after another, never having attached themselves to the stem. Subse- 
quently we were informed by Mr. Howard that the eggs from which the 
Hladronotus issued are those of the common Podisus spinosus, and that 
he finds that Prof. Riley has in the National Museum collection the same 


parasite reared from the eggs of the same species by Mr. Schwarz at 


Selma, Ala., in September, 1880.—Epwarp Ports. 


Hasits OF BEEs.—On the north side of a depressed roadway at Wawa, 
Pa., for some hundreds of feet, the perpendicular bank of rotten rock 
through a depth of about two feet below the sod, was found to be covered 
with small perforations resembling shot marks. These were occupied by 
a small, solitary bee, identified as Halictus confusus Smith, that during 
the months of July and August, and most abundantly during the latter 
month, hovered along the bank, sometimes laden with pollen dust, each 
seeking its own proper opening. Frequently, on alighting, one would be 
met at the door of a hole by a janitor who stood on the watch, its cervical 
head just visible at the entrance. The bee never tried to force its way in, 
but at once sought another hole. To ascertain the depth of these exca- 
vations, we probed a large number with slender grass stems, and in many 
cases could only penetrate four or five inches. In others, however, a foot 
was reached easily, and in one instance eighteen inches. The bees were 
most active in the hot sunlight.—Epwarp Ports. 


A DISPLACEMENT.—Fhyllotretra vittata, always a common species in 
the vicinity of Philadelphia, especially below the city, on both sides of the 
Delaware River, seemed to. be completely displaced last season by P. 
sinuata. To the best of the writer’s knowledge P. sinuata was previously 
unknown to this section, but appeared in great numbers during June and 
July. But a few isolated specimens of P. viftata were noted during the 
season, it being almost as unusual to find as P. dipustudata.—C. LIEBECK. 


Limnichus punctatus and Heterocerus pusillus were taken somewhat 
abundantly in an abandoned iron-ore pit in Montgomery County, Penn- 
sylvania, during June. Small pools of water at the bottom furnished the 
means to drench the sloping sides of the pit and washing out quite a num- 
ber of each species. HY. pusillus has not heretofore been recorded from 
points east of Allegheny, Pa. All the specimens of Z. punctatus, upwards 
of forty in number, were taken from a space not more than three feet 
square. Although the pit was a large one, none were taken outside of 
this limited space. H. pusillus, however, was scattered over the entire 
place.—Cuas. LIEBECK. 


THE inclosed slip is from one of our papers. To some inquirers about 
this bug I'stated I thought it a real ightning bug, but some are disposed 
to think it a Humbug, but I objected, that such a bug was unknown in 
Philadelphia.—JoHN HAMILTON. 


— “1891. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 55 


‘INOCULATED wiTH ELEctTRIcIty.—Philadelphia, Dec. 30. Physicians 
and medical students have been studying with great interest a case with- 
out a parallel, so far as known. Little Mamie Lurker, walking on Girard 
Avenue a few days ago with her aunt, suddenly stopped, and, putting up 
her hands to her face, screamed, ‘‘I am shot.’’ The aunt seized the 
child’s hands, and immediately staggered back as if she had received an 
electric shock. A crowd speedily gathered, and a man crushed with his 
foot a peculiar bright-hued bug, bottle-shaped and hard-shelled, which, 
falling from a wire overhead, had dropped on the girl’s face and stung her. 
_ A bright crimson spot on Mamie’s cheek showed where the bug had 
made the wound, and evidently inoculated her with the electricity with 

which it was charged by being in contact with the wire. Little would 
have been thought of the accident had it not been for the peculiar symp- 
toms of the girl, who was nervous and uneasy, and whose grasp sent an 
indefinable tingling sensation to the hands of everybody who touched her. 

Dr. De Beust diagnosed the case as bullia, or vascular poisoning, and 
administered the remedies usual in cases of that kind. To his astonish- 
ment, however, the bright-hued sore on the cheek was followed by other 
bright-hued eruptions on every part of the body, each one emitting the 
same peculiar tingling sensation when touched. In his opinion the bug 
was of a Brazilian species brought to this country in the year of the cen- 
tennial. The insect in itself is not known to be poisonous, and is distin- 
guished for its peculiar bottle-shaped appearance. 

The patient is now considered out of danger, after unremitting attention 
on the part of the physician, but still suffers from the inoculated electric 
bite. 

Our collector (NEws) spent a week under the electric lights before he 
succeeded in getting a specimen. —This was sent to the Determiner who 
has charge of the Department of Identification of Insects; he recognized 
the species as Electricia tomfooleryensis De Bust. 


Identification of Insects (Imagos) for Subscribers. 


Specimens will be named under the following conditions: rst, The number of speci- 
mens to be unlimited for each sending ; 2d, The sender to pay all expenses of transporta- 
tion and the insects to become the property of the American Entomological Society; 
3d, Each specimen must have a number attached so that the identification may be an- 
nounced accordingly. Twelve names, if possible, will appear in each issue of NEws, 
according to number. Address packages to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws, Academy Natural 
Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. 


A. G. WEEKs.—1, /unonia orithya; 2, Byblia ilithyia,; 3, Ergolis ari- 
adne; 4, Ixias marianne 2; 5, Junonia lemonias; 7, Diadema misippus 
2; 8, Euplea core; 9, Pyrrhogyra tipha; 11, Eunica monima; 12, Da- 
nats gilippus, var. cleophile; 13, Danais archippus; 14, Papilio aristolo- 
chie; 15, Callidryas pomona; 16, Callidryas pomona; 17, Callidryas 
pomona,; 18, Callidryas pomona,; 19, Idmais sp. 3; 20, Diadema misip- 
pus J; 21, Callidryas pyranthe; 22, Idmatis sp. 2; 23, Junonia enone, 
var. hierta,; 24, Pieris mesentina; 26, Diadema misippus 9. 


~ 


56 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. Mads, 


RaLtpH Hop.inc.—1, Bradycellus rupestris; 2, Cratacanthus dubius; 
3, Platynus nutans, 4, Prerogilias mutus, 5, Harpalus viridieeneus; 6, 
Melanophila longipes; 7, lost; 8, Melanotus communis; 9, Elaphidion 
villosum,; 10, Elaphidion parallelum; 11, Tenebrionellus molitor; 12, 
Tenebrionellus obscurus. 5 

G. D. B. Lot 2.—:, Serica sericea; 2, Doryphora clivicollis; 3, Staphy- 
linus cinnamopterus,; 4, Cardiophorus convexus; 5, Odontota nervosa; 
6, Paria 6-notata; 7, Corymbites tarsalis; 8, Podabrus modestus; 9, Pter- 
’ ostichus lucublandus; 10, Limonius griseus; 11, Lucidota _atra; 12, Me- 
lanotus fissilis. 


F. H. H1LLMan.—1, Dendroctonus terebrans; 2, Nemognatha apicalis; 


3, Cyclocephala longula; 4, Megilla vittigera; 5, Aphodius nevadensis; 
6, Lina scripta var.; 7, Saprinus lugens,; 8, Coniontis obesa; 9, Nitidula 
ziczac; 10, Notoxus calcaratus; 11, Tomicus pini; 12, er sc mira- 
bilis. 

W. M. HiILv.—1, Clinidium sculptile; 2, Megalodacne heros; 3, Brontes 
dubius; 4, Onthophagus hecate; 5, Stenolophus conjunctus; 6, Boletothe- 
rus bifurcus; 7, Coptocycla guttata; 8, Anthonomus sp.; 9, Atenius cog- 
natis. / 

W. C. Woov.—1, Apristus subsulcatus; 2, Amara musculus; 3, Amara 
chalcea; 4, Atranus pubescens; 5, Bembidium contractum; 6, Tachys 
xanthopus?; 7, Amara sp.; 8, Platynus puncti iformis; 10, Platydema 
americanum; 11, Pterostichus hicublandus; 12, Phaleria testacea. 


D. B. Younc.—1, Tetraopes tetraophthalmus, 2, Typocerus velutinus; 


3, Elaphrus ruscarius; 4, Phellopsis obcordata; 5, Hister interruptus; 6, 
Chrysomela philadelphica; 7, Chrysomela similis; 8, Geotrupes Balyi; 
9, Dicerca divaricata. 

F.C. Harvey.—1, Ptinus brunneus. 


Entomological Literature. 


NOTES ON THE HABITS AND EARLIER STAGES OF Cryplophasia unipunc- 
tata, by Henry Edwards (from the Proceedings Linnean Society of New 
South Wales, vol. v). 


THE ENTOMOLOGIST, January, 1891.—The sexes of Lepidoptera, by W. 
F. de Vismes Kane. Notes on the Lepidoptera of Chiltern Hills, by A. 
J. Spiller. A Preliminary List of the Insect Fauna of Middlesex, by T. 
D. A. Cockeérell. Contributions to the Chemistry of Insect Colors, by F. 
H. Perry Coste.—For February, 1891.—Remarks on Meana strigilis, WM. 
fasciuncula, and a probable new species of the genus, by Richard South. 
The Habits and Life-history of the New Zealand glow-worm, by G. V. 
Hudson. A Preliminary List of the Insects of the Insect Fauna of Mid- 
dlesex, by T. D. A. Cockerell. Notes on British Lepidoptera; extracted 
from Continental journals, by W. Warren. Contributions to the Chem- 
istry of Insect Colors, by F. H. Perry Coste. Coleoptera from Kulu, in 


p 


3 


- 1891.] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 57 


N. W. India, by W. H. Bates. New species of Rhopalocera from N. W. 
China, by J. H. Leech. Descriptions of some new Phytophagous Cole- 
optera from India, by Martin Jacoby. 

EnTomoLocist’s MONTHLY MAGAZINE, January, 1891.—On certain 
British Species of Conchylis, by Lord Walsingham. Can Deilephila galii 
be found in the larval state every year in England? by W. H. Tugwell. 
Gelechia sparsiciliellan. sp , by C. G. Barrett. Symmoca signatella, H.-S., 
a recent addition to the British fauna, by A. F. Griffith. A Fortnight in 
Algeria, with descriptions of new Lepidoptera, by E. Meyrick. Occur- 
rence at Portland of 7enia subtile//a, a species new to the British fauna, 
by N. M. Richardson, On the British species of the genus Pityophthorus, 


_by W. F. Blandford. On the Oviposition of Metecus paradoxus, by 


Algernon Chapman. Note ona new Cicinde/a from North Japan, by G. 
Lewis. On the British species of the genus Cicaduda, by James Edwards. 

PENNSYLVANIA AND NEw JERSEY SPIDERS OF THE FAMILY LycosID&, 
by Witmer Stone (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1890, p. 420). A table of the 
genera and species by which they may be determined is given, and the 
species described in full. Three new species are described: Pirata ele- 


_gans, P. marxi and Pardosa nigra. 


BIBLIOGRAPHICAL CATALOGUE of the described transformations of N. 
American Coleoptera, by Wm. Beutenmiiller (Jour. N. Y. Microscopical 


Society, vol. vii, No. 1). Those interested in the subject owe thanks to 


Mr. Beutenmiiller for a very useful work. and one that has cost him much 
time and labor. 

List OF THE D1uURNAL LEPIDOPTERA taken by Mr. Wm. Doherty, of 
Cincinnati, in Celebes, June and July, 1887, with descriptions of some ap- 
parently new forms, by Rev. W. J. Holland (Proc. Bost. Nat. Hist. Soc. 
1890, pages 52 to 79). 

SIXTH REPORT OF THE INJURIOUS AND OTHER INSECTS OF THE STATE 
oF NEw York, by J. A. Lintner, Ph.D., State Entomologist. This con- 
tains the usual amount of interesting subjects in economic entomology, 
with a very useful and complete index. 


University oF NEVADA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION, Bull. 
No. 8, by F. H. Hillman. The Codling moth (Carpocapsa pomonella), 
its life-history, and remedies for its extermination. Bulletin No. 9.—A 
Serious Rose Pest (Lithophane antennata). Bulletin No. 10o.—Plant-lice 
infesting the Apple (illustrated). Bulletin No. 11.—The Pear and Cherry 
Slug (Se/andria cerasi). 


PURDUE UNIVERSITY AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION, Bulletin 
No. 33, vol. ii, Lafayette, Ind.—Entomological Notes, by T. M. Webster. 
Experiments with the Plum Curculio. Notes on Strawberry Insects, Zy- 
loderma fragarie. The field cricket, Ha/tica ignita. Some hitherto un- 


_ recorded Enemies of Raspberries and Blackberries, Solenopsis fugax, 


Limonus auripilus, Carpophilus brachypterus, Inlus impressus, Cosmo- 
bepla carnifex. 


3* 


a: ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 


BroLoGiaA CENTRALI-AMERICANA, Part 39, No 
part 1, by G. H. Horn (pp. 193-257, pl. x); vol. iv, part 2, by 
pion (pl. x); vol. iv, part 3, by D. charcoal i, pat 
ment, by M. Jacoby (pp. 217-224). Hymenoptera: vol. ii, by C 
(pl. 7). Lepidoptera Rhopalocera: vol. ii, by F. I 
Salvin (plates 68, 69). Diptera: vol. ii, by FM. M. Van c 
208). . 

Nat. Hist. oF VicToria.-Beodeginus of the 7 
Decade 20, by Fred. McCoy. Life-history of G el 
colored figures of imago, larva, chrysalis, COCORRG et 
itea and P. kershawi. a 


- THE ANNALS AND MAGAZINE> NaturaL HISTORY 
—Notes on Longicorn Coleoptera of the Group Ceram 
scriptions of new genera and species, by Charles J. Gal 
pidoptera in a collection made by Emin Pasha in Ce 
Arthur G. Butler. Descriptions of ten new species of b 


the northwest coast of Madagascar, by H. Grose Smith. 
two new Scarabzeide of the genus Phaneus, by C. O. 
scriptions of new species of Lepidoptera collected by | 

at Bangala, on the Congo, by Mary Sharpe. D 


new species of Chalcosiide, by, 
Packard’s papers entitled, 
‘Hints on the Evolution of the id * 
Caterpillars,’ by A. G. Butler. Description of a new 
of Rhyncophorus Coleoptera, by 2. Sharp. 


THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL \CIET 
Part 4, 1890.*—A Catalogue of the Pyralidina of Saleen a1 


J. Elwes and the late Otto Moller, by Pieter C. T. Sine 
H. J. Elwes. Ona species of Aphideous insects infes 
trees in Ceylon, by Prof. John O. Westwood. Further r 
onymy of the genera of Noctuites, by A. G. Butler. © 


RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MusEuM, vol. i, NG ‘Ss 


optera: Cicindelide, Carabidze and Buprestide, by T 
with descriptions. of new species. 


ANNALS OF THE New York AcADEMy OF SCIENCES, 
12.—Coleopterological Notices, by Thomas L. Casey, r 
Tenebrionidz, with descriptions of new species, etc: — 
ARCHIVES DE ZOOLOGIE EXPERIMENTALE ET GE 
suppl., 1887-1890.—Contribution to the Study of the Br 
Arthropods, by G. Saint Remy; 14 plates, 274 pag 
treats of the Myriapoda, Arachnida and 


ZOOLOGICAL L RECORD for 1889.—Insecta, by Dr. Da 


* Three plates; two colored. 


e; mersor.) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 59 


CompTE-RENDU. SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE BELGIQUE, Dec. 6, ’90. 
—Note on the Buprestidz of Chota-Nagpore,* by C. Kerremans. Note 
on some Coleoptera Heteromera of Belgium, by L. Coucke. Note on 
the Trictenotomide, Prionidze and Cerambycidz of Chota-Nagpore,* by 
A. Lameere; Kunbir, Sakuntala, n. gen. Annotations to the lists of in- 
digenous carnivorous Coleoptera, by A. P. de Borre. 


_ Species DES HYMENOPTERES D’ EUROPE ET D’ALGERIE, by Ed. Andre, 
_ 37e Fascicule, Nov. 1, 1890, 4 plates. 


ArcHiv FUR MIKROSCOPISCHE ANATOMIE, xxxvii, heft 4, 1890. The 
malodoriferous glands of the Forficulidz, by Dr. J. Vosseler; 1 plate. 


BERLINER ENTOMOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT, xxxv, heft 2, 1890. The 
group of the Hymenopterous genera Leucospis Fab., Polistomorpha 
Westw., and Marres Walk.: Monograph,* by A. Schletter: 2 plates, Z. 
Rileyi, Mex.,n sp. Hilarimorpha Schin. isa Leptid, C. R. Osten Sacken. 


ZOOLOGISCHER ANZEIGER, Jan. 5, 1891.—On the embryology of Pha- 
langium, V. Faussek. 


_ Le NATURALISTE, Jan. 15, 1891.—Diagnoses of new Acarina,* by Dr. 
E. Trouessart. Entomological Recreation [on the larva of Teresias 
serra Steph.], by M. Decaux. 


Myriarpopa REGNI HUNGARIZ E COMMISSIONE REGIZ SOCIETATIS 
HuNGARIC2 SCIENTIARUM NATURALIUM,* by Dr. Eugenius Daday de 
Deés. Budapest, 1889, 126 pp., 3 plates. A synopsis of the Myriapoda 
of Hungary, printed in Magyar, but with the specific, generic and other 
_ characters in Latin. 


| MITTHEILUNGEN DER SECTION FUR NATURKUNDE DES OSTERREICH- 
ISCHEN TOURISTEN-CLUvpz. II. Jahrgang, Wien, 1890.—List of the Arthro- 
poda hitherto found in caves in Europe, by E. Simon, L. Bedel and L. 
Ganglbauer; comprises Crustacea, Arachnida, Myriapoda, Coleoptera, 
Orthoptera, Thysanura and Diptera. 


SCHRIFTEN DER NATURFORSCHENDEN GESELLSCHAFT IN DANZIG; Neue 
Folge, VII Bd., 3 heft, 1890.—Life-history of two snout beetles and In- 
sects on ferns, by C. G. A. Brischke. Butterflies caught by Drosera an- 
gelica Huds., by Dr. H. von Klinggraeff. Addition to Bachman’s con- 
tributions to the Dipterous fauna of the provinces of West and East Prussia, 
and Some Ichneumonidz and Saw-flies entirely new, or new to West 
Prussia, by C. G. A. Brischke. 


It NATURALISTA SICILIANO, November-December, 1890.—Contribu- 
tions to the Lepidopterological Fauna of Sicily; descriptions of new 
species,* by L. Failla-Tedaldi. Studies in Sicilian entomology [Otior- 
rhynchidz], by F. Vitale. The — produced by insects, by E Arculeo. 


* Contains new species other than North American. 


60 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. - [March, 


JENAISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURWISSENSCHAFT, xxv, heft rand 2, 
Jena, 1890.—Hemidiptera Haeckelii, by Dr. N. Leon, 1 plate. The poison 
apparatus of Formica rufa, a reduced organ, by Dr. O. W. Beyer, 2 pls. 


JAHRBUCHER DES NASSAUISCHEN VEREINS FUR NATURKUNDE, Jahrgang, 
43, Wiesbaden, 1890.—Contributions to the Lepidopterous Fauna of the — 
Malay Archipelago, vi. On the Butterflies of East Java,* by Dr. A. 
Pagenstecher. : 


Doings of Societies. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.— 
A regular meeting was held Jan. 22, 1891, Director Dr. Horn im the chair. 
Members present: E. T. Cresson, Martindale, Ridings, G. B. Cresson and 
Skinner. Associates: Calvert, Westcott, Fox, E. Seeber, Liebeck and 
Dr. Skinner. Mr. Neel visitor. Dr. Horn stated that he had been study- 
ing the species of Agridus, and found them more numerous and more 
difficult than he had imagined, but he hoped to get them in such shape 
that students could do more with them. The characters of the claws were © 
discussed, and the speaker said it was necessary to see the claws of both 
sexes and the front and hind claws also. He proposed to divide them into 
groups separated by different types of claws. The difficulties of the sub- 
ject were illustrated by drawings on the blackboard, and characters of 
more or less value were mentioned and considered at length. Mr. Calvert 
spoke on the genus /schnura, stating that there were two local species: 
verticalis Say and Ramburii Selys. Partly owing to the imperfect de- 
scription in Dr. Hagen’s Synopsis of 1861, he had hitherto mistaken the 
orange females of both verticalis and Ramburii as belonging to Ramburit. 
He believed that the orange females of verticalis could be distinguished — 
from those of Ramburii by having a black lateral dorsal thoracic stripe 
wanting in Raméurii. Mr. Martindale mentioned that in the January 
number of News was an article by Mrs. Slosson on P. assimilans, which 
showed how species could be lost for even a great number of years and 
then refound. The only specimens known until Mrs. Slosson’s redis- 
covery were the two worn and damaged specimens in the British Museum, eh 
He exhibited colored figures of these interesting moths intended for En- tial $a 
_ TOMOLOGICAL News. He also mentioned here rediscovery of r 
echo. Dr. Horn called attention to the fact that, in 1850, on Dr. LeC 
return from California, he described a species—Acrepis maculata. ‘The 
type of this went to the bottom on its way to Europe. It was recently 
rediscovered by the speaker in a collection made by the late H. K. Mor- 
rison, and none have been found since. 


* Contains new species other than North American. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL News for February was mailed February 2, 1891. a ‘ 


Pie iy; 


1k 


News, Vol. 


nt. 


E 


_ 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION, 


ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. 


VOL. II. APRIL, 18or. No. 4. 


CON TEN Ps: 
Dyar—A Revision of the species of Eu- Harvey—Odonata of Maine........-.cssee 73 
clea, Parasa and Packardia, etc...... 61 | Notes and NeWS.....ccmsccccssssesessessenreese 76 
Johnson—Hunting Catocale...........:.... 62 | Entomological Literature........scsssecseees 78 
_ P. P.C.—Elementary Entomology....... 66 | Doings Of Societies......-.sessescesreccessccses 80 
Edwards—Inguromorpha Slossonii...... 71 


A Revision of the Species of Euclea, Parasa and 
Packardia, with Notes on Adoneta, Mono- 
Jeuca and Varina ornata Neum. 

BY HARRISON G. DYAR. 
(This paper will appear in its entirety in the Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1891.) 

After studying a series of specimens kindly loaned to me by 
Mr. E. L. Graef, as well as those in my own collection, I. have 
reached the conclusion that the species Zuclea cippus Cram. in- 
cludes the considerable range in variation represented by figs. 
r to 11 on Plate IV. 

Euclea cippus var. interjecta n. var. (PI. iv, figs. 7 and 8.) 

A row of green dots, sometimes partly confluent, connects the 
sub-apical spot with the outer part of the sub-basal spot. 

Euclea nana n. sp. (PI. iv, fig. 15.) 

Purplish brown, the secondaries a little paler. On the prima- 
ries a small, round, discal dot, and two rounded pea-green 
_ patches, the sub-apical nearly circular, the sub-basal large, not 

deeply excavated externally, and both succeeded by orange ferru- 
ginous spots, broken on the veins. 


4 


62 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, 


Parasa viridus Reak. (PI. iv, fig. 18.) 


My reasons for naming the species of Parasa, as above, will 
appear in the full article it Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 


Monoleuca subdentosa n. sp. (PI. iv, fig. 21.) 


Allied to semifascia, but perhaps a little smaller. Upright band 
silvery-white, narrow, twice regularly angulated, not crossing 
median vein nor extending onto fringe. The space between this 
and the base of the wing is filled in with an ocherous brown 
shading, paler than the rest of the wing. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV. 


Figs. 1, 2 and 3, Auclea cippus, var. delphinii Boisd. 
“4, 5 and 6, Euclea cippus, var. querceti Her.-Sch. 

7 and 8, Euclea cippus, var. interjecta Dyar. 

9g, 1o and 11, Euclea cippus, var. monitor Pack. 

‘* 12, Euclea elliotii Pearsall ¢. 

“oy 3, “ «c Q 2 

‘* 14, Euclea penulata Clem. J. 

15, Zuclea nana Dyar %. 

16, Euclea incisa Harv. 3. 

“6g 7, “ “ 2 z 

‘© 18, Parasa viridus Reak. 3. 

““ 19, Parasa chloris Her.-Sch. &. 

20, Monoleuca semifascia Walk. 2. 

21, Monoleuca subdentosa Dyar 2. 

22, Packardia elegans Pack. &. 

23, Packardia geminata Pack. 3. 

‘* 24, Packardia albipunctata Pack. 2. 


25, 3. 


“ce 


an 


HUNTING CATOCALA. 


BY JAS. S. JOHNSON. 


I have been frequently asked, where do you find so many 
Catocale? And my answer invariably is, in the wood. Yes, 
but how and when? To these questions I write this answer. To 
the young collector in entomology his first care is to be a close 
observer of the habits of insects; I think I can safely say that 
almost every butterfly and moth has its own peculiarity of flight 
or resting, or something that distinguishes it from its companions 
of another species. In hunting for Catocale during the day-time, 
it is well known that when disturbed they will fly generally only 


1891. | .. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 63 


a short distance to another tree, or perhaps not leave the tree on 


which disturbed, only alight a few feet lower, higher or around 


on the other side. It is also well known that after being dis- 
turbed they are more alert and quicker to take flight, whether 


-it be from sound, sight or shadow of the hunter, I leave for con- 


jecture. The next thing the student must learn is the bark of 
the trees; all barks are not alike, neither in color, shape, or mark- 


‘ings; I mention this for Catocalze resemble the barks so nearly 


that one must become practiced to anything out of the line of the 
usual markings of the tree to detect them. 

Now, with this brief introduction, we will go to some piece of 
wood-land; a good place would be where there is a fair quantity 
of large trees, some young beech, plenty of underbrush, and 
better still where the owner does not turn his cattle in. On ar- 
riving we arrange our tools and collecting-box; the collecting-box 
should be made of as light material as possible, book-shaped, 
cork-lined, and in depth to pin on each side, hang by a strap over 
the shoulder, and a little in front of the body on the left side, this 
will give the collector ample play with both arms and hands. The 
collecting-bottle can be made either of tin or a wide-mouthed glass 
jar, and charged with cyanide of potassium or ether; should I 
be going a long distance I take the former, if near by the latter. 
To make the former I get from the druggist a glass jar, some 
four or five inches high, with a mouth not under two inches in 
diameter, take one ounce or so of cyanide of potassium, break it 
into small pieces, and put into your jar, then pour on dry plaster 
of Paris to nearly cover the cyanide, next mix some plaster of 
Paris with water about the consistency of thick cream, pour this 
over the rest, about a quarter of an inch thick; when dry your 
bottle is ready for work. If you use ether, place a wad of raw 
cotton, say one-half an inch thick at the bottom of the jar and 
make a tight fitting piece of perforated card board or cork to 
cover it, charge it by pouring the ether in, about a tablespoonful; 
keep this well corked, and always take a small vial of ether with 
you to recharge when necessary. The next instrument, and the 
most important to me, I call a gig or stabber, made from a me- 


_ tallic pen-holder, or even a smooth stick would do, by fastening 


on the end three needles, triangular shaped, thus *.* ; this instru- 
ment I find extremely useful in capturing any moths at rest, by 


| piercing them through the thorax, they adhering to the instru- 


64 -ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. _ [April, 


ment. In places where you cannot get your collecting-bottle you 
can readily take them by this means. Do not take a net for any 
moth, it spoils all the beauty. Your next and last article is a 
sapling about four.-or five feet long, which you can cut in the 
wood from a bough of a tree or undergrowth; trim it clear of 
leaves and switches; this is for rubbing or beating the trees to 
disturb any you have overlooked. 

Place your collecting-bottle in your right hand coat pocket, the 
gig over your ear as a clerk would a pen, the sapling in your 
right hand, and start through the wood. First we come to some 
undergrowth or brushy beech tree, rattle among the leaves with 
your rod and watch results; should you disturb any watch where 
they alight and go for them, if not move on and try again. We 
now come to a large tree, examine carefully the bark as far as the 
eye can reach to the ground, note the layers and fissures of the 
bark; should you see any V-shaped marking or inverted A ex- 
amine closely, the chances are a Catocala; use your bottle or 
stabber; after taking off all you see, or if none, then take the rod 
and go around the tree rubbing it up.and down the bark, or beat 
it a few sharp raps; if any they will fly to a near by tree, watch 
and go for them, step lightly, move cautiously, steady your hand, 
you have it. The best time to hunt for them is on a close, hot 
afternoon between two and five o’clock, more particularly if there 
has been three or more successive hot days. Yet you can find 
some at any time of day, I have taken some as early as five 
o’clock a.m., and all along until sun down, but as the day grows 
on towards night, the wood becoming dusk, they are prepared 
for flight and on the alert, and it becomes hard to follow their 
flight. It is almost useless to go hunting for Catocale after a 
heavy rain or a thunder gust; you may capture a few, but nearly 
all are battered and torn. I was never successful in this locality 
by baiting, sugaring or night hunting, having tried several for- 
mulz, perhaps, however, it was because I could not give it the 
time for a successful issue. My esteemed friend, Dr. James S. 
Baily (now deceased), was exceedingly fortunate at baiting, near 
Albany, N. Y., capturing hundreds of fine specimens. The bait 
he used was composed of sour beer, molasses and brown sugar; 
he would paint the trees with this mixture during the afternoon 
and make the captures between 8 o’clock and midnight;, some- 
times it would be nearly a week before they would take to the bait. 


yo 


1891. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 65 


Dr. Hammond and I tried this formula‘during last Summer, 
but with little or no success, we also soaked strings of dried 
apples i in the mixture and placed them on the trees with the same 
result, I then plastered some-decayed bananas on the bark of the 
trees, from which we captured a few Catocale and numbers of 
small Noctuz. I have no doubt but the decayed fruit if fairly 
tested and tried would be a success, either bananas or pears. To 


collect at night you need only your collecting-box, bottle, and a 


lantern; I painted or baited the trees about waist high and a few 
inches square, then with a leather belt around the waist, with a 
dark lantern fastened thereto,.I could walk up to the trees with 
my hands free and plenty of light. I noticed on nights during 
an electrical storm, z.e., plenty of flashes of heat lightning with 
no thunder, there were few or no specimens of any kind. 

The following table will give the time of appearance of the 
different species in’ the vicinity of Frankford, Philadelphia, com- 


‘piled from my diary of several years. I might remark that 


north or south of here would make a few days difference either 
way, and again after a dry hot Spring would make ten or twelve 
days difference. 


First Last First Last 
Capture.| Capture. Capture.|. Capture. 
MEER sxcr.ovsvesess cua. June 24 Sept. 8 [[C. parta ...s.0.-.0-+ July 21 Oct. 10 
coccinata ............ July 23 Aug. 4 pita lit eRe ee Sept 27 
grynea ................ June 24 July 26 ponderosa .........| ' 26 . 
ulalume........ ..... July 23 Aug. 13 SOTCIAA ..-+--sereeeee rs July 16 
insolabilis ... «| June 25 Sept. 8 Cartiicceasesssieeen Aug. 6 pt. 13 
Angusi ............... July 29 18 var. carissima..| ‘ 8 Pt 30° | 
ae June 27 ae cerogama.. .....:..] .:* 8 Peck <3. | 
var. linella ...... aba 4 Ra) desperata ........+. ing - 
Os i 2S, 5 AMALTIX.----eeeee| |g Oct. 8 
S€FENA.......00000 0. ae + lee Bh var. nurus........ —* 10 Sept. 27 | 
ilia var....-.. ........| ‘28 er yy Robinsonii-........ 30 DES ae 
flebilis. duly 4 iAtTEge cesarean ces e110.) aug. ar | 
Cordelia............... une 28 July 2r innubens ........... ches Ft Oct. 6 
MINULA . --s-eeeeeeee July 8 |. Aug. 13 var. hinda........ eo % Aug. 28 | 
ultronia.... .......... eS Sept. 8 var. flavidalis..) ‘ 15 she ! 
var. mopsa.. cent Aug. 16 var. scintillans.| ‘* 16 aE / 
Judith (Levettii).. a: 36 Sept. 27 - antinympha ..... 20 eeeer 
obscura (residua) B86 SEO concumbens ...... Meh el (Ais LN | 
var. simulatilis.; ‘‘ 10 of ae UNIUQA ---.0s000 000. <3 ae Sept. 21 
NEOGAMA....-+-++++++ “¢+ 10 Aug. 28 marmorata ....... Sept. 6 =e G 
EPIONE..............00 ‘CRE Sept. 21 Viduata «...-..0000. Aug. 28 ‘x2 | 
‘palzogama......... Se Aug. 22 lacrymosa.......... Pa “ar | 
var. phalanga...| “ 14 July 21 lacrymosa var..|. “25 sk I 
Subnata........ -+++++ ie te ee relictaseai..... iy 29 “30 
tristis .. 6 Sept. 8 
amasia.... bog) F -aae 
retecta +19 Aug..10 Total, 51 species and varieties. 


66 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, 


ELEMENTARY ENTOMOLOGY. 


Tenth Paper.—THE ORDERS OF INSECTS. 


In the first paper of this series (ENT. News, Vol. I, pp. 72, 73) 
_ was indicated the division of the Arthropoda into classes. Of 
these, the Insecta (Hexapoda) formed the fifth class. The class 
of insects is divided into orders. Entomologists differ in the 
classifications which they employ. In this paper will be pre- 
sented the chief classifications used in this country, without at- 
tempting to designate any one classification as the best. 

The oldest and the simplest classification is that used in Dr. 


Packard’s ‘‘ Guide’’ in the editions previous to the sixth. The 


class Insecta is divided into three orders: Hexapoda, Arachnida 
and Myriapoda. The order Hexapoda is divided into the follow- 
_ ing suborders: 


1. Hymenoptera (membrane wings*). Head large. Mouth-parts de- 
veloped both for biting and sucking. Wings small, powerful, with com- 
paratively few and irregularly branched veins. Transformations complete. 
In the higherf and more typical forms, the first abdominal segment is 
intimately united with the thorax. Examples: Bees, Wasps, Ants, Saw- 
flies. 

2. Lepidoptera (scale wings). Body cylindrical, compact. Head small, 
clypeus large (in proportion). Mouth-parts developed for sucking. 
Maxillz prolonged into a tubular “‘ tongue.’’ Mandibles obsolete. Wings 
broad, regularly veined, covered with minute scales. Transformations 
complete. Butterflies, Moths. ; 

3. Diptera (two wings). Only two wings, the hind pair represented by 


halteres. Thorax greatly centralized, more or less globular. Mouth- — 


parts developed for sucking. Labrum, and the bristle-like mandibles and 
maxillze ensheathed partially within the labium to form a beak. Maxil- 
lary palpi present. Transformations complete. Mosquitos, House-flies. 

4. Coleoptera (sheath wings). Front wings developed as elytra which 
cover the folded hind wings, and also the two posterior thoracic segments 
and the abdomen. Mouth-parts developed for biting, Transformations 
complete. Beetles. 


5. Hemiptera (half wings). Mouth-parts developed for sucking. The 


style-like mandibles and maxillze ensheathed by the labium to form a beak. 
Labrum small, short. Maxillary palpi absent. Prothorax free, large. 
Front wings often half horny, half membranous (hemelytra). Transfor- 


* As each ordinal name is used for the first time in this paper, it will be followed by a 
literal translation of the Greek words from which it is formed. 
+ Le., more specialized. 


SS eee 


‘‘ Introduction to Entomology, 


- 1891.] -ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. — 67 


mations incomplete. Plant-lice, Scale-insects, Cicadas, Chinch-, Squash- 
and Bed-bugs, Lice. 

6. Orthoptera (straight wings). Mouth-parts developed for biting. 
Front wings developed as tegmina to cover the folded hind wings. Hind 
legs large, adapted for leaping. Transformations incomplete. Grass- 
hoppers, Crickets, Cockroaches, Earwigs. 

7. Neuroptera (nerve wings). Wings large, broad, net-veined, mem-. 
branous. Mouth-parts developed for biting. Transformations complete 
and incomplete. White Ants, Stone-, May- and Dragonflies, Ant Lions, 
Fish Moths and Spring Tails. 


In the sixth and following editions the Fish Moths and Spring Tails are 
considered as a distinct order, 8. Thysanura (fringe tails) whose characters 
are wingless, no transformations. 


A second classification is that used by Prof. Comstock in his 
’’ 1888, pp. 48, 49: 


I. Wingless insects which show no evidences of having descended from 
winged ancestors (7.¢., in which the thorax is simple in structure), and 
which undergo no metamorphosis (Syzapé/era). Order 1. Thysanura. 


II. Winged insects; or wingless insects in which this condition is the 
result of a retrograde development, indicated by the complicated struc- 
ture of the thorax, or by the presence of wings in closely allied forms 
(Pterygogenea). 

1. Metamorphosis incomplete, Ammetabola (without change). 


A. Mouth-parts formed for biting, z.e., with the mandibles and maxillz in 
the form of jaws. 
a. The two pairs of wings similar in structure, membranous. _ 
Order 2. Pseudoneuroptera (false Neuroptera). 
6. The first pair of wings parchment like (tegmina); the second 
pair membranous, and folded in plaits longitudinally. 
Order 3. Orthoptera. 
B. Mouth-parts intermediate in structure between those of the biting in- 
sects.and those of the sucking insects, viz, with bristle-like 
mandibles, and with flat triangular maxillz. 
Order 4. Physopoda (swelled feet). 
ee Mouth-parts formed for sucking, viz., with the mandibles and maxillze 
bristle like. Order 5. Hemiptera. 
2. Metamorphosis complete. J/efabol/a (change). 
A. Mouth-parts formed for biting. 
a. The two pairs of wings similar in structure, membranous, with 
many veins and cells. Order 6. Neuroptera. 
6. The first pair of wings (elytra) much thickened, horny through- 
out their entire length, and meeting in a straight line down 
the back; the second pair membranous. Order 9. Coleoptera. 


68 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, 


B. Mouth-parts formed for both biting and sucking, viz., with the mandi- 
bles in the form of jaws; and with the maxillze and labium 
fitted for taking liquid food. Both pairs of wings membra- 
nous, with few veins and cells. Order 10. Hymenoptera. 

C. Mouth-parts formed for sucking. 

a. With four wings clothed with minute, imbricated scales; mandi- 
bles rudimentary; maxillz developed into a sucking tube. — 
Order 7. Lepidoptera. 
6. With only two wings; hind wings represented by a pair of 
knobbed, thread-like organs (halteres); mandibles and max- 
illz bristle like. Order 8. Diptera. 

In this classification, Orders 1, 3, 7, 8, g and 10 correspond to the simi- 
larly named suborders of the ‘‘ Guide; 2 (White Ants, Stone-, May- and 
Dragonflies) and 6 (Ant Lions) correspond to the Neuroptera, and 4 
( Thrips*) and 5 to the Hemiptera of the “ Guide. ? 


The classification used by Dr. Packard in his “ Entomol 
for Beginners,’’ second edition, 1889, and which he says7 will 
probably be introduced into the next edition of his ‘‘ Guide,”’ 
follows. After the statement of the characters of each order, is 
placed the common and the generic names of some of the rep- 
resentative insects thereof. 


Series I. AMETABOLA.—Metamorphosis incomplete. 


Order 1. Thysanura.—Wingless, minute, wlth a spring, or abdomen 
ending in a pair of caudal stylets; usually no compound eyes; no meta- 
morphoses. Fish moth, Lepisma; Spring tail, Podura. 

2. Dermaptera (skin wings).—Body flat; abdomen ending in a forceps; 
fore wings small, elytra-like; hind wings ample, folded under first pair. 
Earwig, Forficula. 


3. Orthoptera.— Wings net-veined; fore wings narrow, straight, not often — 
used in flight; hind wings large and folded when at rest under the first 
pair. Cockroach, B/atta; True Locust, Acridium; Cricket, Gryllus, 


4. Platyptera (broad wings).—Body usually flattened. Pronotum usually 
large and square; often wingless. Bird lice, fam. Mallophaga; Stone-fly, 
Perla; Book louse, Psocus; White Ant, Termes. ' 


5. Odonata (toothed, referring to the mandibles and maxillz). —Protho- 
rax small; remainder of thorax spherical; both pairs of wings of nearly 
the same size, net-velned. Larve and pupe aquatic; labium of larva 
forming a mask. Dragonfly, Libed/ula. 


* “Tt should be borne in mind that the insect commonly called 7he Thrips, that infests 
the leaves of grape, is not a member of this order [Physopoda,] but one of the Leaf-hop- 
pers | Zrythroneura) (family Jassidz, of the order Hemiptera). The misapplication of the 
name Thrips to this insect is often the cause of confusion.’’—Comstock, Intro. p. 124. 

t Guide, ninth edition, 1889. Preface. 


‘a 


1891. ] -ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 69 


6.-Plectoptera (plaited wings).—Mouth-parts nearly obsolete. Wings 
net-veined; hind pair small, sometimes wanting. Abdomen ending in 
three filaments. Larva aquatic, with large jaws and with gills on the 
sides of the hind body. Mayfly, Ephemera. 

7. Thysanoptera (fringe wings).—Mouth-parts forming. a short conical 
sucker; palpi present; wings narrow, net-veined, fringed; feet bulbous at 
the end, without claws. 7Zzhrips. 

8. Hemiptera.— Mouth-parts forming a sucking beak. Prothorax usually 
large; fore wings often thickened at base. Louse, Pediculus,; Scale insect, 
Coccus; Plant louse, Aphis; Cicada; Chinchbug, Biissus; Squashbug, 
Anasa; Bedbug, (Cimea), Acanthia. 


Secs TN) ee ae be. 
., Series II. METABoLA.—Metamorphosis complete. 

9. Neuroptera.—W ings net-veined; mouth-parts free, adapted for biting; 
ligula large, rounded; pronotum large, square. Larve often aquatic. 
Corydalis. WLacewing fly, Chrysopa; Ant lion, Myrmedeon. 

10. Mecoptera (length wings).—Wings somewhat net-veined or absent; 
head lengthened into a beak-like projéction. Larve like caterpillars. 
Scorpion fly, Panorpa. | 

11. Trichoptera (hair wings). —Wings and body like those of Tineid 
moths [clothed with hairs]; mandibles obsolete in the imago. Larvz 
usually aquatic, living in cases. Caddis fly, Phryganea. 

12. Coleoptera.—Fore wings thick, ensheathing the hinder pair, which 
are alone used in flight; mouth-parts free, adapted for biting. Beetles, 
Carabus, Cicindela, Scarabeus; Weevil, Curculio; Chrysomela; Lady 
bird, Coccinella. 

13. Siphonaptera (tube, without, wings).—Wingless; mouth-parts adapted 
for sucking. Larve maggot-like, but with a well developed head and 
mouth-parts. Flea, Pulex. 

14. Diptera—Only_ two wings; mouth-parts adapted for lapping and 
sucking. Mosquito, Cu/ea; Housefly, Wusca; Horsefly, Tabanus. 

15. Lepidoptera.— Body and wings covered with scales; maxille length- 
ened into a very long tongue. Larve (caterpillars) with abdominal legs. 
Butterfly, Papilio; Moths, Sphina, Bombyx, Noctua, Phalena, Tinea. 

16. Hymenoptera.—Wings clear, with few veins; mouth-parts with a va- 
riety of functions, 7.¢., biting, lapping liquids, etc. In the higher families 
the thorax consists of four segments, the first abdominal segment of the 
larva being transferred to the thorax in the pupa and imago. Honey Bee, 
Apis; Wasp, Vespa; Ant, Formica; Ichneumonfly, /chneumon; Gallfly, 
Cynips; Sawfly, Tenthredo. 

The correspondence of these orders to thdse of Prof. Comstock is as 
follows; 1, 8, 12, 15 and 16 to the similarly named orders; 2 and 3 to the 
Orthoptera; 4, 5 and 6 to the Pseudoneuroptera; 7 to the Physopoda; 9, 
Io and 11 to the Neuroptera; 13 and 14 to the Diptera. 


70 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, 


In the Standard Natural History, edited by J. S. Kingsley, vol. 
ii, 1884, the orders are: 

1, Thysanura; 2, Dermatoptera; 3, Pseudoneuroptera; 4, Neuroptera; 5, 
Orthoptera; 6, Hemiptera; 7, Coleoptera; 8, Diptera; 9, Aphaniptera (un- 
seen wings); 10, Lepidoptera; 11, Hymenoptera. 

Here 2 and 9 correspond to the Dermaptera and Siphonaptera of the 
‘‘Entomology for Beginners;’’ otherwise the orders correspond to the 
similarly named orders of Prof. Comstock, except that No. 6 includes both 
his Hemiptera and Physopoda.  _ 

In Claus and Sedgewick’s Text Book of Zodlogy, vol. i, 1885, 
the orders stand: . 

1, Thysanura; 2, Orthoptera; 3, Neuroptera; 4, Strepsiptera (twisted 
wings) ; 5, Rhynchota (beaked) ; 6, Diptera; 7, Lepidoptera; 8, Coleoptera ; 
9, Hymenoptera. 

Here the Orthoptera includes orders 2, 3 and 4 of Prof. Comstock; the 
Rhynchota are his Hemiptera; the Strepsiptera (which includes a single 
family of beetles, Stylopide, having only the hind wings developed, the 
front wings represented by pseudo-halteres) and the Coleoptera are equiv- 
alent to his Coleoptera; the other orders are the same as his. 

Other names sometimes used as ordinal are Plecoptera (folded wings) 
for the family Perlidz, Stone flies; Corrodentia (gnawers) for the Mallo- 
phaga, Psocidz and Termites; Homoptera (same wings) and Heteroptera 
(diverse wings) for two divisions of the Hemiptera, the one having wings 
of the same thickness throughout, the other with the front wings as hem- 
elytra; Euplexoptera (well-folded wings) for Dermaptera. 

On comparing the classification from the ‘‘ Entomology for 
Beginners’’ with the others here quoted, it will be seen that the 
differences’ between them depend very largely on the answers 
given to such questions as this: Are the groups Platyptera, 
Odonata and Plectoptera, for instance, of the same value, z.é., as 
distinct from each other, as the Lepidoptera are from the Hymen- 
optera? Ever-widening knowledge alone will settle such questions. 

Two things must be remembered in dealing with classification. 
The first is that-very many ordinal, family and generic characters 
admit of exceptions in the shape of intermediate forms. As Dr. 
Leidy has said: ‘‘ Our divisions in nature [are, ] to a great extent, 
matters of convenience.’’* Secondly, the natural arrangement 
of the orders and other groups is not linear. It is rather to be 
compared to the position of countries upon a map, or to the 
branches of a tree. This latter comparison is especially useful 
when taken into connection with the evolution of species. 


* Lecture of Oct. 10, 1888, at Biological Department, University of Pennsylvania, Phila- 
delphia. See also Ent. NEws, vol. ii, p. 47, at bottom. 


pe 


i 


SS ee 


1891. ] -ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 71 


_ With this the papers on Insects in general conclude. Imper- 
fect as they are, the writer will be repaid for his labor—almost 
wholly of compilation—if they shall be helpful to any students 
of Entomology. PAP 


The first of a series of elementary papers on Lepidoptera will 
appear in the May number of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws. 


ray 
U 


INGUROMORPHA SLOSSONII Hy. Edw. 
BY HENRY EDWARDS. 


On page 183, vol. iii, of ‘‘ Entomologica Americana,’’ I pub- 
lished, under the above name, a description of a curious Cossid 
taken by Mrs. A. T. Slosson, in Florida, early in 1887. The 
species was so unlike anything with which I was familiar, that I 
concluded it to be new, but before describing it I submitted it to 
Dr. Packard and Prof. J. B. Smith, to both of whom it was un- 
known. I therefore placed it on record. Sometime afterwards 
I forwarded to Mr. A..G. Butler, of the British Museum, a draw- 
ing of the insect made by Mrs. Slosson, and was astonished to 
find from him that the species was = Cossus basalts Walk., which 
is given in the Catal. B. M. p..1523, with the ‘‘ country unknown.”’ 
In this connection I think it advisable to give Walker’s descrip- 
tion in full, which is as follows: 


**Male.—Whitish, moderately stout. Head, palpi and antennz black- 
ish. Palpi extending as far as the head; third joint acute, conical. An- 
tennez slightly pectinated, a little longer than the thorax. Abdomen ex- 
tending for more than half its length beyond the hind wings. Wings 
narrow, slightly reticulated with minute transverse black marks. Fore 
wings with a black band near the base, and with a black curved subapical 
band. Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 14 lines.” 


In May, 1888, I visited England, and saw the type in the. British 
Museum, without any record of locality, or other label by which 
it could be recognized. It seems to me now highly probable that 
it might be among the specimens taken by Mr. Edward Double- 
day during his visit to the United States. 

There was no doubt, whatever, of the identity of Walker’s 
type with Mrs. Slosson’s specimens. But a greater surprise than 


72 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, 


this was in store for me. Early in 1889, business led me to Bos. 
ton, and, as usual, I visited my friend, Mr. Samuel Henshaw, of — 
the Boston Natural History Society. He showed me the volume 
of original drawings by Abbot, presented to the Museum by the 
late Dr. Asa Gray, and on plate 108 of the series I found excel- 
lent figures of both $ and 9 of the Cossid, with colored figures 
also of the larva and pupa. But the 9 is no other than the 
beautiful moth described by the late Dr. James Bailey as Cossuda 
magnifica (‘‘ Papilio,’’ vol. ii, p. 93, 1882). Dr. Bailey’s de- 
scription, with a colored figure of 6 and @ and of the pupa, 
was republished in Bulletin No. 3, Division of Entomology U. S. 
Department of Agriculture, 1883, but Dr. Bailey has undoubtedly 
fallen into an error in figuring what he calls the 6, as the speci- 
mens in his cabinet were both females, and in fact none but fe- 
males have been known until the discovery of the identity of the 
species with C. dasalis, while so accurate an observer as Abbot — 
would not be likely to be confounded in the species. He gives 
it as one especially familiar to him, as evidenced by his draw- 
ings of the early stages. The antenne are heavily péctinated in 
both sexes and the neuration would appear to give the species 
generic rank, so that Dr. Bailey was undoubtedly right in form- 
ing a new genus for its ip eae The synonymy wins therefore, 
stand thus: 


Genus COSSULA Bailey. 


Cossus Walk. 
Inguromorpha Hy. Edw. 


C. basalis Walk. J B. M. Cat. p. 1523, 1856. 
Cossula magnifica 2 Bailey, Papilio,-vol. ii, p. 93, 1882. 
Inguromorpha Slossonii Hy. Edw. Ent. Am. vol. iii, p. 183, 1888. 


The females have been taken by Mr. A. Koebele, near Tala- 
hassee, and by Dr. Wittfeld at Indian River, while Mrs. Slosson’s 
% specimen was obtained at Jacksonville at the electric light. 
The % bears a somewhat superficial resemblance to the same sex 
of C. guerciperda. 1 should like to add that I am convinced 
that the 2 type specimen of C. p/agiata in the British Museum 
is nothing more than Rodinie 9, but that C. populi Walk. is a 
very distinct species, differing from any I have seen elsewhere. 


Se 


1891. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 73 


A CONTRIBUTION TO THE ODONATA OF MAINE. 


Specimens in'the Maine State College Collection, or taken near 
Orono, Penobscot County, Me., in 1890. 


BY F. L. HARVEY. 
; (Continued from p. 51, Vol. II, No. 3.) 
7. Enallagma civile Hag.—Orono, College Collection. 
8. Enallagma Hageni Walsh.—Common over Chemo bog. 


_ 9. Nehalennia irene Hag.—Orono, College Collection. 
10. Lestes hamata Hag. (L. forcipata Hag. Syn. 1861).—Sep- 


tember 3d, Frog Pond, Orono. Common. 


11. Lestes forcipata Ramb. (ZL. hamata Hag. Syn. 1861).— 
Orono, College Collection. 

12. Lestes rectangularis Say.-—July 15th, September ied, 
Over bogs. Common. * 

13. Lestes disjuncta Selys.—July 15th, August 20th, Septem- 
ber 3d; over bogs and ponds; several pairs mating. Abundant. 

14. Lestes ineqgualis Walsh.—July 15th; Chemo bog. Several 
males and females. 

15. Lestes unguiculata Hag.—September 12th. Over bog near 
Penobscot River. 


Tribe II.—AZSCHNINA. 
Subfamily 3-—AESCHNINA. 


16. Anax junius Drury.—Orono, State College Collection. 

17. schna janaia Say —Orono, State College Collection. 

18. <4£schna constricta Say.—Orono. Common over small 
brooks in meadows, August to October. 

19. 4schna verticalis Hag.—Orono. Common over meadows, 
bogs and rivers. 

We have one specimen that agrees with this species in mark- 
ings, but the length is 78 mm, Alar expanse 100 mm.; ante 
cubitals 23; post cubitals 12 on the right wing and ant. cu. 21; 
p- c. 13 on the left wing. This specimen has a cross vein in the 
first p. c. of right wing and the seventh p. c. of same wing is 
very narrow. 

_ 20. Aeschna eremtta Scudder.—Orono, College Collection. 

21. schna clepsydra? Say.—Orono, College Collection. 

22. Neureschna vinosa Say.—Orono, College Collection. 


74 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, 


Subfamily 4.—GOMPHINA. 


23. Gomphus exilis Selys.—Orono, College Collection. 

24. Gomphus spinosus Selys.—Orono, College Collection. 

25. Gomphus nevius Hag.—July 15th, single 9; Chemo 
Stream, over water. This specimen was referred to Mr. P. P. 
Calvert, who made the following note: 

‘‘ This specimen agrees best with the description of G. nevius 
Hag. (in 4th Additions au Synopsis des Gomphines, p. 57), al- 
though there are some slight color difference. G. nevius Hag. 
was described from a ? from Pennsylvania. It is stated to be 
very near G. albistylus Hag. (4th Additions, p. 55) described . 
from a 9 from Maine, and some doubt is expressed whether the 
two may not be one species. The ¢ of neither has been de- 
scribed. Until they are proved to be the same, this specimen 
should stand for G. ne@vius, which it resembles more than G. 
albistylus.”’ 

26. Hagenius brevistylus Selys.—July 15th, — Q. Over 
Chemo Stream. 


Tribe IIIL—LIBELLULINA. 


Subfamily 5.—CoORDULINA. 


27. Cordulia libera Selys. —August. Single 8; over al 
lake, Greenfield. 

28. Cordulia Uhleri Selys. sions College Collection. 

29. Cordulia cynosura Say.—Orono, College Collection. 


Subfamily 6.—LIBELLULINA. 


30. Plathemis trimaculata De Geer.—Common over small 
brooks and ponds; August and September. 

31. Libellula 4-maculata Linn.—Common over brooks; Au- 
gust and September. 

32. Libellula exusta Say.-—July 15th. Common over Chemo 
Stream. 

33. Libellula pulchella Drury.—Orono, College Collection. 

34. Leucorhinia proxima (Hagen MS.) Calvert.—Orono, Col- 
lege Collection. 

35. Leucorhinia intacta Hag.—July 15th, Chemo Stream, 
Many pairs mating. The labium of all our specimens black, 
with the external part of the lobes a little white. The labrum 
cream colored. ) 


1891. ]_ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 75 


36. Diplax rubicundula Say.—Orono. Very common. Some- 
times fifty in sight at one time over small bogs and creeks in 
meadows. The males were repeatedly seen supporting the fe- 
males while they were depositing eggs. The female clasped the 
male about the middle of the abdomen with her feet, the end of 
her abdomen hanging over behind. The two flew over the water, 
occasionally lowering quickly until the end of the female abdomen 
touched the water when the eggs were probably deposited. We 
noticed this species feed upon the young of Diplax vicina Hag. 
This is the most common species here from July to October; 
quite abundant over grain fields in dry places. One 9? laid 67 
spherical white eggs .o2 inches diam. after being caught; eggs 
laid rapidly and were dry. 

37. Diplax vicina Hag.—Orono; quite common about low 
meadows and small creeks. September. 


38. Diplax semicincta Say.—Orono; common over meadows 
and grain fields with D. rudbicundula July to October. 


REMARKS. 


The specimens in the college collection areall marked ‘‘ Orono,” 
but are without date of collection, habitat, or collector. We 
presume they were collected by Prof. C. H. Fernald, formerly of 
the Maine State College. The authority for the determinations 
is not known, but the writer has compared the specimens with 
the descriptions, and in most instances, is satisfied that they are 
correctly named. The specimens of schna clepsydra and ere- 
mita in the college collection have defective abdominal appen- 
dages. As it is upon the structure of these that the above species 
are separated, the writer is unable to tell whether the specimens 
are correctly named. From the general characters it is certain 
that the specimens belong to one or both of the above species, 
and, as they are separated in the collection, both may be included 
in the list provisionally, awaiting the taking of fresh material. 
We are under great obligations to Miss Mattie Wadsworth, Man- 
chester, Me., for the loan of specimens for comparison, and to 
Mr. P. P. Calvert, Philadelphia, Pa., for identifying some of the 
troublesome species. The list does not represent all the Odonata 
found here, as several species were seen that were not taken, and 
no great pains have been taken to collect exhaustively. 


76 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, 


Notes and News. 
ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS. 
OF THE GLOBE. 


[The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws solicit, and will thankfully cecdivd items 
of news, likely to interest its readers, from any source. The author’s name will be given 
in each case for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] 


In the future all papers received for publication in the News will be 
printed according to date of rocepaes- 


Prof. P. R. UHLER has lately been elected Provost of the Péabody 
Academy of Sciences, Baltimore. . 


STRANGERS TO THIS VICINITY.—On September 8th, at the electric light, 
I captured a fine, fresh Phlegethontius cingulata, and on the morning of 
October 4th found a beautiful PAlampelus vitis on my veranda, appar- 
ently just emerged.—Jas. S. JOHNSON. 


DvRING the past month I have been watching the electric lights in the 
streets closely for Euglyphia haroglyphisa, and 1 discovered that our 
chickens are quite abreast of the times for smartness. One of our boys 
lived near a light on the outskirts of the city that I knew in former years 
to be a particularly good one, and I carefully instructed him to be up just 
about daybreak every morning to get ahead of the chickens living in the 
neighborhood. I may state here that the spécies does not seem to fly 
much before 12 P.M. He met with very little success, and I determined 
to investigate. I went Saturday night and watched, and the secret was 
out; there was about.a dozen chickens—they stay on the edge of the side- 
walk all night—they seem to sleep a little while, wake up, walk out to the 
light, fill up with the insects that have fallen, go back, sleep an hour lon- 
ger, then go out and repeat it, keeping it up all night, in fact never go to 
roost at all. How is that for industry ?—J. T. Mason. 


I was interested in what Mr. E. P. Van Duzee says in the February 
number of the ENromoLtocicaAL News about ‘“ Another Immigration 
Theory.” I have in my collection an example of Erebus odora which was 
caught by Wm. H. Rice at 60 Park Ave., Chicago, IIl., in 1887; 60 Park 
Ave. is in the centre of the residence portion of the west side. He noticed — 
it fly under his front porch, and, procuring a strawberry-box, captured it 


and brought it to me alive. After submitting it to a short stay in the cya- 


nide bottle I spread it and found I had a prize. It is 63 in. spread, with 
antennz 14 in. long, perfect to the very tip. The moth is véry perfect, 
much more so than any specimen-I have seen. It was evidently lately 
hatched, and could not have come any great distance after emerging from 
its chrysalis—-W. E. LonGLEy. 


A WELL-GROWN larva of Ecpantheria scribonia was mailed to me from 
Charleston, S. C., Oct. 15, 1890, arriving two days later. Fed for two 


1891. | -ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 77 


weeks on cabbage and then refused food, retiring to the top of the cage, 
where it remained immovable till Jan. 1, 1891, when it spun a thin cocoon. 
Exactly three weeks later, on January 21st, the imago appeared, a beau- 
tiful female, measuring four inches. This larva should have hibernated, 
‘but perhaps the heat of my room hastened the transformation. Those 
who wish this beautiful insect should obtain the larva from friends in the 
South, where it is not uncommon, as it is easy to rear, taking kindly to 
cabbage, which is readily procured and kept fresh. I, myself, would like 
a lot of the larva this Spring; and will give good exchange or pay cash 
for same.—R. OTTOLENGUI, 115 Madison Ave., N. Y. 


THE recent notes in ENT. NEws concerning insects attracted to electric 
light call to mind an observation of my own while in Washington, D. C., 
the past Summer. While looking over the swarms of insects covering 
the ground under certain lights, I noticed among them a number of Ca- 
rabidz of various species eagerly feasting upon the bodies of the fallen 
insects. Whether they were first attracted to the light and then turned 
their attention to their easy prey, or whether the abundance of food was 
itself the attraction, it would be interesting to determine. In either case 
it appears that these voracious creatures have readily adapted themselves 
to the improved conditions of modern society, and are glad to utilize 
electric lighting to their own advantage... Doubtless the same point has 
often been observed by other collectors, but I do not recollect of its 
mention in any of the journals I have read.—HERBERT OSBORN. 


A Sprwer FIsHERMAN.—On the roth of last May Messrs. Leng, Beuten- 
miiller, Thompson and myself were rambling among the innumerable 
little hills near Grasmere Station, on Staten Island, and in the late after- 
noon came to a small, wood-shaded pond. Several moderately large 
spiders were on its surface, a few feet from the shore, and it so happened 
that while I was watching one of them, in particular, that rested quietly, 
it suddenly made a rapid motion and seized a little silvery fish over an . 
inch in length. It held it firmly and remained as stationary as it had been 
before the capture. A number of water-beetles (Gyrinide) now came 
swimming about the spider, no doubt being anxious to share in the feast, 
but they quickly decamped upon the approach of the water-net that cap- 
tured the Arachnid. In the fifth volume of the Boston Journal of Natural 
History, Dolomedes sexpunctatus is described by Hentz, and the charac- 
ters given there agree admirably with the specimen in question. The ac- 
count further adds that, ‘‘ This species dwells on ponds, and dives with 
great agility, hiding itself under floating leaves or rubbish when pursued.” 
These spiders swim, or skate on the surface of the water, by using the 
two middle pairs of.legs as oars, while the fore and hind pairs serve as 
supports.—WILLIAM T. Davis. 


4* 


78 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, 


Identification of Insects (Imagos) for Subscribers. 


4a5- Owing to the space taken up by this department the names will not be published’ tn 
the future, but sent by mail direct to those sending the specimens for identification. et 


Wo. LoweEnsTEIN.—1, Péerostichus Sayi; 2, Chariessa pilosa; 3, El 
lychnia corrusca; 4, Batyle suturalis; 5, Podabrus brunnicollis; 6, Po- 
dabrus tomentosus; 7, Telephorus lineola; 8, Telephorus pusillus; 9, Is- 


chyrus 4-punctatus; 10, Stenosphenus notatus; 11, Elaphidion parallelum; 
12, Dorcashema alternatum. 


W. M. HiLi.—1, Aphodius inguinatus; 2, Bradycellus rupestris; 4 
Agonoderus pallipes; 4, Tenebrionellus tenebrioides; 5, Chrysomela 
similis; 6, Stenolophus conjunctus; 7, Melanolestes picipes; 8, Gastroidea 
polygoni; 9, Gastroidea cyanea; 10, Chlenius tricolor; 11, Brachyacan- 
tha ursina; 12, Agonoderus pallipes. 


D. B. YounG.—1, Silvanus imbellus; 3, Corticaria grossa; 4, Ceruchus 7 
piceus; 6, Ephistemus apicalis; 7, Tenebrionellus tenebrioides. 


F. H. HILLMAN.—13, Plagiodera prasinella; 14, Anthrenus scrophu- 
laria,; 15, Pristocelis quadricollis; 16, Phyllotreta albionica; 17, Blap- 
stinus pulverulentus; 18, Cicindela repanda; 19, Cicindela oregona; 20, 
Systena teniata; 21, Agonoderus lineola; 22, Collops bipunctatus; 23, 
Hydrophilus triangularis; 24, Rhantus flavogriseus. 

W. C. Woop.—13, Amara chalcea; 14, Amara angustata; 15, Aniso- 
dactylus agilis; 16, Amara sp.; 17, Amara avida; 18, Bembidium con- 
tractum,; 19, Bembidium affine; 20, Philonthus cyanipennis. — 

RALPH Hoppinc.—13, Haltica ignita; 14, Cercyon hemorrhoidale; 16, 
_ Podabrus rugulosus; 17, Photinus consanguineus; 18, Podabrus brinni- 
collis; 19, Berosus peregrinus,; 21, Staphylinus (damaged); 22, Melanotus 
decumanus,; 24, Platydema excavatum. 


Entomological Literature. | 


TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL Society, vol. 
xvii, 1890.—New species of American Cynipidz, by H. F. Bassett. Notes . 
on some North American Odonata, with descriptions of three new species, 
by P. P. Calvert. Notes on the species of Dendroctonus of Boreal E 
ica, by Dr. W. G. Dietz. A Synopsis of the Odonat genus ; 
Britt., by Dr. H. A. Hagen. The species of Heterocerus of oneal ine 
ica; Notes on the species of Ochthebius of Boreal America; Notes on some 
Hiydrobiini of Boreal America; A Revision of the Sphzridiini inhabiting 
Boreal America; Some notes on Argoschizus; all by G. H. Horn, M.D. 
The Phycitidz of North America, by Geo. D. Hulst. New North Amer- 
ican Bees of the genera Halictus and Prosopis, by Charles Robertson. 
Descriptions of some new species of Agrofis Auct.; A contribution toward 
a knowledge of the Mouth-parts of the Diptera, by John B. Smith. 


1891. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 79 


_. Tue Entomotoseist, March, 1891.—Note on Agrotis subgothica, by J. 


Jenner Weir. Life-history of Pachnobia leucographa, by J. Arkle. Con- 


tributions to the Chemistry of Insect Colors, by F. H. Perry Coste. On 


the occasional abundance: of certain species of Lepidoptera, by Robert 
Adkin. Lepidoptera found in Britain and America (List of), by Richard 
South. A Preliminary List of the Insect Fauna of Middlesex, by T. D. 
A. Cockerell. Entomological notes, captures, etc. Doings of Societies 
and Reviews. 

BrioLoGia CENTRALI-AMERICANA Part 90, December, 1890.—Arachnida- 
Araneidz, by O. P. Cambridge (pp. 65-72). Coleoptera: vol. iv, pt. 2, 
by G. C. Chapman (pp. 249-266); vol. iv, pt. 2, by G. C. Champion (pp. 
57-80, pl. 3; vol. vi, pt. 1, suppl. by M. Jacoby (pp. 225-232, pl. go. Hy- 
menoptera: vol. ii, by P. Cameron (pp. 121-128). Lepidoptera-Rhopalo- 
cera: vol. ii, by F. D. Godman and O. Salvin. Lepidoptera-Heterocera, 
by H. Druce (pp. 425-440, pl. 34). 

ENTOMOLOGISCHE NACHRICHTEN, xvii, No. 1, January, 1891.—A new 
West African Fulgorid,* by Dr. F. Karsch, fig. A new Stratiomyid,* by 
C. Verhoeff. The genera Lasiopsis, Asceptonycha and Lachnota in the 
light of the dogma of priority, by L. Brenske. On the difference of colors 
in pupz of P. Machaon, by E. Reuter. Ichneumonid studies,* by Dr. 
Kriechbaumer. New Sphingidz from Africa,* by Dr. F. Karsch; Rhad- 
inopasa n. gen. (a plate to follow). No. 2, January, 1891.—A contribution 
to the Coleopterous Fauna of the island of Norderney* and Capsus capit- 
laris F., an enemy to Aphide, by C. Verhoeff. On the Odonat genus 
Idionyx Selys,* by Dr. F. Karsch. 


ENTOMOLOGISK TIDSKRIFT, Arg. 11, Nos. 1, 2. [ln Swedish] Stock- 
holm, 1890. Scandinavian Trichoptera zequipalpina, by H. D. J. Wallen- 
gren. On Cicadariz, morphological and systematic, by Dr. H. J. Han- 
sen, two plates. Contributions to the knowledge of the geographical 
extension of the Swedish Macrolepidoptera, by J. Andersson. On Scan- 
dinavian species of Trichocera, by S. Lampa, etc.—No. 3, Entomological 
communications from Societas Pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, 1884-1889, 
by E. Reutter. The Lepidopterous Fauna of St. Hans Haugen, by J. S. 
Schneider —No. 4, Scandinavian Microlepidoptera (continued), by H. D. 
J. Wallengren. Contributions to the Norwegian Lepidopterous Fauna, 
by W. M. Schoyen. A new Dipter,* by O. Bidenkap. Abberrations in 
Lepidoptera, by E. Reuter. New Beetles from Africa,* by C. Aurivillius, 
etc.—No. 5, Bibliography of Scandinavian Insects, by J. Spangberg. 

CompTE-RENDU. SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE BELGIQUE, Jan. 10, ’gr. 
Description of Coleoptera from the interior of China,* by L. Fairmaire; 
Toxocerus, Arrephora, Hexatenius, Colpotinus, Hexarhopalus, n. gen. 
Phytophaga from Chota Nagpore,* by A. Duvivier; Pseudadimonia n. 
gen. Causeries Odonatologiques, No. 3., Mesobasis new subgenus of 
Agrionina by E. de Selys-Longchamps. 


* Contains new species other than North American. 


80 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. _ [April, 


BIOLOGISCHES CENTRALBLATT (Erlangen), xi, No. 1, Feb. 1, 1891.— 
Parthenogenesis in Ants by artificial temperature. The meaning of the 
antenne in Myrmedonia, On the question of the hearing power of Ants; 
all by E. Wasman. 

CompTE-RENDU. L’ACADEMIE DES SCIENCEs (Paris), Feb, 2, 1891.— 
Locusts (Acridium peregrinum Oliv.) in the extreme south of Algeria 
and the locust-eating population, by J. Kunckel d’Herculais; refers to the 
devastations beginning in December, 18go. 


Doings of Societies. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.— 
A meeting was held Feb. 26, 1891, Dr. Horn, director, presiding. Meeting 
called to order at 8.15 P.M. Members present: Martindale, Ridings and 
Skinner. Associates: Liebeck, Fox, Calvert. Dr. Horn exhibited draw- 
ings to illustrate Cryptohypuus, and also some new species intended for 
the Transactions. The head in Apicaufa was shown, and also a drawing 
of an Elaterid supposed to be a Cryptohypnus. The species was sent to 
Dr. Candéze, inquiring as to what he thought its proper position. He was 
disposed to put it near Colyméetes. Dr. Horn considered it near Crypto- 
hypnus. The characters of the species were discussed and their relations 
to allied genera dwelt on. An Z#veodes was shown with curious modifi- 
cations of the hind tibiz. Mr. Philip Nell was proposed as an associate 
of the Section. HENRY SKINNER. | 

Recorder. 


Ea ee 
OBITUARY. 


Epwarp ANpRE, F. E. S.—The French publications announce the 
death of this well-known Hymenopterist. His principal work was ‘‘ Spe- 
cies des Hymenopteres d’Europe et d’ Algeria,’’ commenced in 1879 and 
continued until his death. 

The death has been announced of Prof. PH1rLipE Pory, the eminent 
Cuban naturalist and director of the Zoological Museum in Havana. He 
has done much good work in entomology. 

Dr. S. S. RATHVON, of Lancaster, Pa., on March roth, aged 79 years. He 
was a corresponding member of the Academy of Natural Sciences and 
American Entomological Society; also one of the founders of the Linnaean 
Society of Lancaster. 


Errata to Vol. II, No. 3. 


Page 42, line 14 from top, for incurvation of inner eye, read inner eye 
margin. 

Page 49, line 5 from bottom, for acpitis, vead capitis. 

Page 53, for urtioz, vead urtice. 

Page 54, line 18 from top, for cervical, read conical. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL News for March was mailed February 28, 1891. 


i 


Hea 2 
rahe: 


nt. News, Vol. II. 


+ 
‘ 
4 


KALLIMA PARALEKTA (Deap-LeaF BuTTERFLY.) 


__ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS ~ 


“PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION, 


ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. 


VOL. I. MAY, 18otr. No. 5. 
CONTENTS: 

Skinner—Description of Plate V.......... 81 | Skinner—Elementary Entomology...... 89 

Ashton—Trap for capturing Coleoptera 82 | Notes and News.......::sssecccsesesessesensseeee QI 

Banks—Notes on Spiders........s-21 s+ 84 | Entomological Literature... sees 95 

Braun—Lepisesia flavofasciata............. 87. | +. Doimgs:of; Sociéties...... ....atautamsepensnsosss 99 


Description of Plate V. 


Plate V represents the so called protective mimicry of insects. 
The last few years much ink has been spilled in the discussion of 
this subject; some writers agreeing that it is undoubtedly protec- 
tive mimicry and others only accidental resemblance. Drum- 
; mond, jin his work on ‘‘ Tropical Africa,’’ speaks as follows: 
| “ Carlyle, in his blackest visions of ‘shams and humbugs’ among 
human kind, never saw anything so finished in hypocrisy as the 
naturalist now finds in every tropical forest. There are to be seen 
creatures—not singly, but in tens of thousands—whose very ap- 
pearance, down to the minutest spot and wrinkle, is an affront to 
truth; whose every attitude is a pose for a purpose, and whose 
whole life is a sustained lie. Before these masterpieces of decep- 
tion the most ingenious human impositions are vulgar and trans- 
parent. Fraud is not only the great rule of life in a tropical 
forest, but the one condition of it.’’ 

We are indebted for the plate to the kindness of M. J. F. 
Sachse, editor of the ‘‘ American Journal of Photography,’’ who 
made the original photograph. 


.S 


———- 


82 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. ~ - [May, 


This species is mentioned by Wallace in his work on the Malay 
Archipelago in the following language: ‘‘Its upper surface is of 
a rich purple, variously tinged with ash color, and across the 
fore wings there is a broad bar of deep orange, so that when on 
the wing it is very conspicuous. This species was not uncom- 
mon in dry woods and thickets, and I often endeavored to cap- 
ture it without success, for, after flying a short distance, it would 
enter a bush among dry or dead leaves and however carefully I 
crept up to the spot I could never discover it till it would sud- 
denly start out again and then disappear in a similar place. At 
length I was fortunate enough to see the exact spot where the 
_ butterfly settled, and though I lost sight of it for some time, I at 
length discovered that it was close before my eyes, but that in its 
position of repose it so closely resembled a dead leaf attached to 
a twig as almost certainly to deceive the eye, even when gazing 
full upon it.’’ I have noticed the following interesting quotation: 
‘*J. A. de Mandelsloe, who made a voyage to the East Indies in 
1639, tells us that not far from the Fort of Ternate grows a cer- 
tain shrub called by the Indians Catopa, from which falls a leaf, 
which, by degrees, is supposed to be metamorphosed into a but- 
terfly.’’ This was one hundred and ninety years before the 
butterfly was described by Horsfield.—Ep. 


Ct). 
U 


A TRAP FOR CAPTURING COLEOPTERA. 


By T. B. AsHton, Tonganoxie, Kansas. 


A good method of capturing many valuable species of insects, 
for the purpose of enriching the cabinet of entomologists, is to 
make from builders’ past-board a funnel two feet in diameter and 
three feet high, with the apex one and a half inches in diameter. 
Eighteen inches from the top of the funnel and one-third of its 
circumference in front should be cut out, leaving an opening. A 
wire should be fastened around all the rim to keep the funnel in — 
proper shape. Two loops should be made in the wire six inches 
each side of the centre of the top of the funnel to fasten it in ~ 
position when in use. The seam in front of the funnel can be 
lapped and held together with glue. A coat of glue, or varnish, 
should be spread over the inside of the funnel so as to render it 
more slippery, to the feet of insects. The funnel may be of any 


1891. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 83 


diameter and made of tin, or any other suitable material, but 
paste-board answers the purpose, and is not expensive. 

Procure a two-quart glass fruit-jar with an air-tight top and 
fasten in it at the bottom two ounces of Potassium cyanide, 
and place plenty of paper packing over it. Add a few drops of 

; water to the packing to 
, ; moisten the cyanide and 
then close the jar till 
wanted for use. With 
proper care the cyanide 
will retain its strength, | 
and can be used during 
the collecting season. 

The next part of the 
trap is a lamp that gives 
a bright light. A wire 
ring should clasp the lamp 
below the oil bowl. This 
ring should have three 
small wires fastened to it, 
equal distances apart, and 
extending upwards two 
feet and twisted together 
down to near the chimney 
and have a loop on the 
upper end to hang the 
lamp by when in use. 

On a dark, still evening 
in the spring-time, when 
insects are on the wing, 
fasten the funnel to the 
side of a building, or some 
other suitable object, with 
its small end = resting 
snugly in the mouth of 
the cyanide jar, and then suspend the lighted lamp in the funnel 
to shine forth from the front opening and let it remain there for 
a few hours, then close the jar till morning, and by the light of 
day open and spread its motionless and silent contents on some 
white paper, then the entomologist will enjoy a treat such as is 


84 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, 


seldom seen,—his eyes beholding beauties in many forms and 
so gaily colored, and then in such numbers, that his mind will be 
filled with wonder and delight. There will be many Lepidoptera 
and a few Neuroptera that will have all their beauty spoiled by 
friction with each other as they mix together in the fumes of the 
cyanide. A few Hymenoptera, Hemiptera and Orthoptera will 
be found in fair condition to claim attention. There will be Co- 
leoptera represented by species in many families; some are large, 
others small, and many that are very minute, but all, with a little 
brushing, fit for a place and a name in a naturalist’s cabinet. 

' For capturing Coleoptera that are attracted by light, I consider 
this the best trap that I have ever seen, and, while I claim to be 
the inventor of it, I do not intend to get it patented, and I invite 
all coleopterists to make use of it and do me the kindness to 
report their success or failure to the ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws. 


fay 
VU 


Notes on some Spiders described by Hentz. 
By NATHAN Banks, Washington, D. C. 


Since Hentz published his papers on the spiders of the United 
States quite a number of his species have remained in obscurity. 
During the past season I have found a few not hitherto recorded, 
and decided that certain known species were synonymous with 
some of those described by Hentz. The following notes are on 
the above two classes of facts. 


MICROGNATHID. 
Thalamia parietalis Hentz. 

Two specimens of this peculiar and interesting spider were 
found in the corners of aroom in Texas. The genus is close to 
@cobias, but I can find only two tarsal claws. It may be related 
to Omanus. 

DRASSID&. 
Trachelas tranquilla Hentz. 
Clubiona tranquilla Hentz ; Trachelas ruber Keys. 

This spider is common through all the United States east of 
the Mississippi River, and I have specimens from Texas and 
Missouri [S. Van Ingen]. I think that there can be no doubt 
that this spider, several, times described under the name of 7. 
ruber Keys. is the Clubiona tranquilla Hentz. 


¢ 


1891. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 85 


. AGALENIDZ. 
Dictyna sublata Hentz. 
Theridion sublatum Hentz; Dictyna muraria Em. 

I see no reason why this synonymy is not perfectly clear. The 
species is found in Mississippi, and specimens vary to resemble 
Hentz’s figure. DD. arundinaceoides Keys. is perhaps the same 
species. As to Hentz’s other Dictyna I am not sure what they 
are; 7. foliaceum is perhaps D. frondeum Em. 


THERIDIDZ. 
Linyphia conferta Hentz. 
Ithaca and Long Island. 


Bathyphantes anglicanum Hentz. 
Theridion anglicanum Hentz. 


Two females and two males of this species were taken in Texas. 
The male is red like the female. 


EPEIRID&. 
Epeira directa Hentz. 
Brazos County, Texas. They vary somewhat in markings, a 
central light stripe is frequently present on the abdomen and often 


- each side of this a row of six black dots. On the venter there 


are two dark stripes which unite at the spinnerets and at the lung 
slits. It shows some approach to 7etragnatha. 


Epeira sanguinalis Hentz. 


This very delicate spider was found in the nest of a mud-wasp 
in Texas in September. The front legs are very spiny. The 
venter is white, except the black epigynum. 

Epeira scutulata Hentz. 
£. punctillata Keys. 

One specimen (%) of this species has been recorded from 
Illinois by Keyserling under the name of Epezra punctillata. | 
have found an adult @ in July on Long Island, N. Y. It was at 
the center of a vertical orb web in an evergreen tree. Young 
specimens were found in evergreen trees in December. — 


THOMISID. 
Runcinia aleatorius Hentz. ; 


Thomisus aleatorius Hentz ; Runcinia brendelli Keys. 
Hentz described the % of this species, and it seems that some 


86 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, 


arachnologists knew of the identity of the two’ species, yet the 
synonymy has not previously been given. Mississippi, Texas, 
Iowa. 
LycosID&. 
Lycosa erratica Hentz. 
Tarentula lepida Keys. 

This species is quite easily recognized by the form of hate cen- 

tral dark stripe on the abdomen. 


Aulonia? funerea Hentz. 
Lycosa funerea Hentz. 

Washington, D. C. Not uncommon. The abdominal mark- 
ings do not quite agree with Hentz’s figure, yet the specimens 
vary somewhat. Its position in Aulonia is very doubtful. It 
may form a new genus. The cephalothorax is full as high be- 
tween the second and third pairs of legs as in the eye region. 


Dolomedes urinator Hentz. 
D. lanceolatus Hentz is the $ of this species. 


Dolomedes scriptus Hentz. 
D. scapularis Koch. ? 
What has been taken as D. tenebrosus Hentz is this species. 


What I feel sure is D. scriptus H. has the epigynum as figured © 


by Emerton for D. tenebrosus and very similar to that of D. 
scapularis as figured by Keyserling. JD. tenebrosus H. has a 
much broader epigynum and a broad septum, which does not, 
however, cover the cavity. It is also quite different in markings. 


Oxyopes salticus Hentz. 
O. astutus Hentz is the 8 of this species. 


ATTIDA. 


Dendryphantes retarius Hentz. 
Attus retarius Hentz 2; Plexippus puerperus Peck, not Hentz. 


From D. C. southward to Texas. Peckham has wrongly de- 
termined this species. I see no reason why it is not a good Den- 
dryphantes. Attus syluanus Hentz is probably the $ , as Peck- 
ham states, yet it may be another species. 

Dendryphantes nubilus Hentz. 
Attus nubilus Hentz. 
This is perfectly distinct from D. capitatus. It is very variable 


in markings, some almost white; a small darker specimen may be 


distinct. Mississippi and Texas. 


ss 


1891. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 87 


| Dendryphantes octavus Hentz. 
Attus octavus Hentz. 


Dendryphantes capitatus (Hentz) Peck, not Hentz. 
Altus parvus (Hentz) Peck, not Hentz; Attus estivalis Peck. 

The common spider described and figured by Hentz as A/tus 
octavus is certainly not an Zris, and I have no doubt but that it 
is what has been described by Peckham as Aétus capitatus, of 
which he makes A/tus parvus the female. The latter is either an 
Eris or Zygoballus, probably the latter, and may even be Z. 
bettinit Peck. I see no reason for considering Aéffus capitatus 
Hentz as the male of what Peckham describes as such, the mark- 
ings of the cephalothorax are certainly different, and the differ- 
ence in size is enormous. Moreover, Hentz did not give Aftus 
parvus as common, while he does state so of A/tus octavus. 
Nearly all the specimens of this species which I have seen from 
the South appear as Hentz figures Aftus octavus. 


ra’ 
Vv 


NOTES ON THE EARLIER STAGES OF LEPISESIA 
FLAVOFASCIATA Barnst. 


By Cart Braun, Bangor, Me. 


On Memorial Day 1888, at 4 P.M., when returning from a bog 
five miles distant from this city, where I had spent the day col- 
lecting Chionobas jutta and other rare lepidoptera, by the edge 
of a clump of woods near home, my attention was called to a 
bumble-bee-like creature which was fluttering among the violets 
just in blossom in order to obtain some honey as I thought. Its 
flight seemed to me peculiar, and by observing it closer I saw at 
once that it was not a large bee, but a small M/acroglossa. Hav- 
ing my net at hand I caught it at once, and found, after bottling 
it, that it was a L. flavofasciata, which species I had often before 
admired in the collection of Prof. C. H. Fernald, then at the 
State College in Orono, Me. After the Insect had become 
quieted I took it from the bottle immediately and examining it 
closer found that it was a ?. In the hope of obtaining ova from 
this exceedingly rare and desirable species, I quickly put it into 
a small paper-box with perforated bottom and glass top. These 
boxes I always carry with me on my collecting trips to keep fe- 
males from which I desire to obtain ova. I carried the box care- 


88 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, 


fully in my hand, and after a few minutes, to my great delight, | 
it came to life again. When arriving at my home I put it into a 
larger paper box with gauze top fitted up for the purpose for 


females to lay their ova in. I at once procured a few fresh leaves 
of wild honeysuckle which, I believed at the time, to be the 
food-plant of this species, and coated several of them thinly with 
maple honey. I have always obtained from females of Sphingidz 
in this manner more ova than without the food-plant. I change 
the leaves twice a day and keep the boxes in my breeding-house 
ina cool place. I have often watched Sphinx kalmie and dru- 
piferarum when ina starving condition putting the proboscis out 
and sucking the honey from these coated leaves. This of course 


sustains life and helps them to lay all the eggs. On the other — 


hand if not fed, fresh females of the flower-visiting Sphinges will 
in most every case, die of starvation before they have laid half 
their eggs. By examining the ovary after death I have generally 
found this to be the case. This by way of explanation. But to 
return to my Q Lep. flavofasciata, | watched it closely for two 
days, examining the box most every hour, without finding any 
ova. I had almost given up hope of obtaining any; yet, to 
my great delight_on Saturday morning, June 2d, I found four 
small grass-green globular eggs, two of which were attached to 
the bottom of the box and two glued to the stem of a leaf. I 
changed the leaves, putting the eggs carefully back into the box. 
That afternoon I found ten more eggs and next day twenty-two 
more. June 4th I counted fifty-seven ova. On the morning of 
June 5th I found the @ dead and no more eggs. I believed she 
had laid them all, and of course must have deposited ova before 
I had captured her; this latter proved to be a fact. The young 
larvee hatched after five to six days; they would not eat the honey- 
suckle and I greatly feared losing them. In my anxiety I 
went to the place where I had taken the 9 and found among 
other plants a species of Epilodium, and by cleansing the leaves 
I found to my great astonishment attached to the underside of 
one leaf two eggs of this same species. The female was evidently 


depositing eggs at the time I caught her; I had found the food- 


plant without doubt, as the starving larve readily took to it and 
seemingly devoured with great appetite their well-known food. 
I am also quite sure I would have lost the young larve but for 


the honey on the leaves of the honeysuckle, which kept them — 


——a- - Ss 


1891. | ENTOMOLOGICAL’ NEWS. 89 


alive. Here and there they had nipped a leaf on the edges and 
the light honey coating had disappeared. Of all the fifty-seven 


_ larvee I only succeeded in bringing out nine to the pupal state, 


and the next season only five, three females and two males to the 
imago state, large full grown imagos, of which two pairs are in 
my collection. The imago of this insect has been described by 
Barnst, but the earlier stages according to Prof. Smith’s book on 
the Sphingidz are still unknown, 

I have not much time for this work, and I had almost my mind 
made up to turn over my numerous notes on original work to 
somebody better fitted to the task, yet I will try to do the best I 
can if the editor of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws will allow me the 
space. The eggs, the four larval stages and the pupe I will de- 
scribe next month. I have given this introduction, as, I believe, 
it will be of interest to many of the readers. Next I shall attempt 
to describe the earlier stages of Platarctia parthenos and Smer- 
inthus cerisyz, of which species I raise some every year. I have 
the eggs, the larve in all the stages in alcohol, and inflated, of 
these species. 


la’ 
Vv 


ELEMENTARY ENTOMOLOGY. 


LEPIDOPTERA. 


Butterflies and moths, or LEPIDOPTERA (from the Greek, lepis 
a scale, and p/eron wing), comprises those insects characterized 
by cylindrical, compact bodies, small head, mouth parts (in most 
species) developed for sucking, maxille prolonged into a tongue, 
mandibles obsolete, wings covered with minute scales, transfor- 
mations complete. The word butterfly comes from the Anglo- 
saxon buttor-fleoge, or the resemblance of some common species 
(Colias) to butter in color. In German they are called schmet- 
terlinge, from schmetten, cream. Molken-dieb (the whey-thief ) 
is another name. The association with milk in its three forms— 
butter, cream and whey, is remarkable. 

The order LEPIDOPTERA is separated into two grand divisions: 
RHOPALOCERA (from two Greek words, meaning knob and horn), 
butterflies or diurnals, and HETEROCERA (variable and horn), 
moths or nocturnals. The butterflies are thus separated from the 
moths by the structure of the antennz or feelers. In the former 


re) ENTOMOOLGICAL NEWS. [May, 


being thread-like, with a little swelling or knob on the end, and 
in the moths a great variety of shapes other than this. In the 
Heterocera, or moths, they are filiform (thread-like), setiform 
(like a bristle), fusiform (tapering at each end), serrate (saw-like), 


pectinate (comb-like), filiciform (fern-like) and plumose (feather- — | 


like). There was formerly used another division of the moths 
called Crepuscular (from creper dark, dusky), or those that fly 
at dusk and in the early morning. The butterflies are further 
distinguished from the moths by their relatively smaller bodies in 
comparison to expanse of wings, less hairy character of thorax 
and abdomen, and when in repose they carry the wings erect ; the 
chrysalids are naked and not buried in the earth, and the spiral 
tongue or haustellum, is long and well developed. Rhopalocera 
(butterflies, diurnals) are found all over the world from the frozen 
shores of the Arctic Ocean to the hot plains of Equatoria. They 
are always more abundant in the vicinity of water, and are always 
a welcome sight to the thirsty traveller. 

Linnaeus included all butterflies in the genus Pafzlio. He was 
acquainted with about 760 species of moths and butterflies; they 


are now divided into well-defined families and numerous genera — 


and species. 

The food of butterflies consists principally of the sweet liquids 
drawn from flowers, which they reach by means of their long 
tongues. 

The name butterfly suggests balmy Summer days, bright sun- 
shine and green foliage. ‘‘ On the side of a mountain as the sun 
was setting, throwing different portions into the shadow from the 
base to the top, the writer has seen the butterflies fly from cluster 
to cluster of flowers up the acclivity, going just fast enough to 
keep in the sunshine.’’* While this is true of butterflies as a 
whole, there are numerous exceptions. Some of the Satyridz 
only fly in the densest woods, and others only at dawn and dusk 
of evening. ‘‘In Continental India, at Sangor, Capt. de la 
Chaumette describes Ve/anitis leda and an allied species as flying 
at sunset under the Neem trees, resting for a long time motionless 
on the ground and will not move until you almost — upon 
them.’ 

The species belonging to the MorPHtna have similar habits. 
Some of the Indian species remain motionless in repose all day, 


* Prof. G. H. French, in “ Butterflies of Eastern United States.” 


[1891. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. gI 


but when the sun is about to set they are to be seen everywhere, 
and are sometimes mistaken for bats. Every species has its own 
peculiar habits as to flight, time of appearance, method of egg 
deposition, etc. Some kinds wander from place to place and 


flower to flower, and others live their whole life in a very limited 


area. Butterflies often migrate in such numbers as to even ob- 
secure the sun. These congregations are usually made up of a 
single species. ‘‘A migration of butterflies was observed in 
Switzerland on the roth of June, 1828: Madame de Meuron Wolff 
and her family established during the Summer in the district of 
Grandson, Canton de Vaud, perceived with surprise an immense 
flight of butterflies traversing the garden with great rapidity. 
They were all the species called Belle Dame by the French, and 
by the English, Painted Lady ( Vanessa cardui). They were all 
flying close together in the same direction, from South to North, 
and were so little afraid when one approached that they turned 
not to the right or left. The flight continued for two hours without 
interruption, and the column was about ten or fifteen feet broad.’” 

Mr. Charles J. Anderson encountered in Southwestern Africa, 
for two consecutive days, such immense myriads of lemon-colored 
butterflies, that the sound caused by their wings was such as to 
resemble ‘‘the distant murmuring of waves on the sea-shore.’’ 
They always passed in the same direction as the wind blew, and, 
as numbers were constantly alighting on the flowers, their ap- 
pearance at such times was not unlike ‘‘the falling of leaves 
before a gentle autumnal breeze.’’ Moufet says: ‘‘ Wert thou 
as strong as Milo or Hercules, and wert fenced or guarded about 
with an host of giants for force and valor, remember that such 
an army was put to the worst by an army of butterflies flying in 
troops in the air in the year 1104, and they hid the light of the 
sun like a cloud.’’—Ep. 

(To be continued.) 


Notes and News. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL pen iEs 


OF THE GLOBE. 
{The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News solicit, and will thankfully receive items 
of news, likely to interest its readers, from any source. The author’s name will be given 
in each case for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers. ] 


In the future all papers received for publication in the News will be 
printed according to date of reception. 


It sEEmMs foolish for a man to enter into an argument with a wasp. A 
wasp always carries his point.— Yonkers Statesman. 


92 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, 


WE have received a photograph of the rare moth Erebus zenobia caught — 
in a woods near Tiffin, Ohio, October 20, 1890, at 10 P.M. It was taken 


at sugar by Mr. Lewis Ullrich. Mr. Ullrich says in regard to his capture : 
‘T collected in this woods about three nights every week after July 1o, 
1890, in the same place where this was caught, but did not see this Oe 
cies until the night mentioned above.””—Ep. 


I HAVE received through the kindness of Mr. J. T. Mason, of Houston, 
Tex., a moth probably not before recorded as belonging to our fauna. 
We are indebted to the industry of Mr. Mason for being able to add such 
a fine species to our lists. The only reference I can find to the species is 
in Vol. I. of Hiibner’s ‘‘ Exotische Schmetterlinge,” where it is beauti- 


fully figured under the name of Diphthera Sestiva elegans. Both the 


upper and undersides and both sexes are given. This is probably the 
moth Mr. Mason refers to in his note in Ent. News, Vol. ons p. 76, under 
the name of Euglyphia haroglyphisa.—Ep. 


FASHION’S NEW Fap.—Not content with her slaughter of the innocents 
in the matter of birds, Dame Fashion has extended her murderous designs 
to moths and butterflies. The gorgeous hues of the wings of some of 
these are deemed effective for dress decorations, and we are told that in 
Paris exquisite gauze ball toilets are ‘‘ appropriately and fancifully strewn 


with natural butterflies.” Fanciful, it is granted, but never appropriate. — 


Butterflies appear also on fans, but here only the wings are used, with the 
body, antenne and legs sketched in afterward by an artist. Beautiful 
effects are produced, it is said, by painting bunches of flowers on which 
the insects seem to hover. When it is reflected that a single gauze fan 


of the size now in vogue may hold a dozen or more butterflies or moths, — 
it is easy to estimate in what enormous quantities these creatures must 


be taken to satisfy even a small demand. Truly a fashionable toilet is 
becoming a composite thing, with dead birds and butterflies, hair from 
Indian beggars, and Mexican bugs as jewelry, held by golden chains. 


ANTs AS SURGEONS.—Ants are terrible fighters. They have very pow- 


erful jaws, considering the size of their bodies, and, therefore, their method — 


of fighting is by biting. They will bite one another, and hold on with a 
wonderful grip of the jaws, even after their legs have been bitten off by 
other ants. Sometimes six or eight ants will be clinging with a death 
grip to another, making a peculiar spectacle, some with a leg gone, and 
some with half the body gone. One singular fact is that the grip of an 
ant’s jaw is retained even after the body has been bitten off and nothing 
but the head remains. This knowledge is possessed by a certain tribe of 
Indians in Brazil, who put the ants to a very peculiar use. When an 


Indian gets a gash cut in his hand, instead of having his hand sewed — 


together, as physicians do in this country, he procures five or six large, 
black ants, and holding their heads near the gash, they bring their jaws 
together in biting the flesh, and thus pull the two sides of the gash to- 


gether. Then the Indian pinches off the bodies of the ants and leaves — 


Ee 


St hee ee ee 


1891. } ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 93 


their heads clinging to the gash, which is held together until we gash is 


* perfectly healed. 


Mimicry of Danais archippus presented itself very strikingly early in 
September, 1889, while looking for Ca¢oca/a in wood lot well cleared of 
undergrowth. It was in Astoria, Long Island, late in the afternoon when 
about to return home that I noticed many Danaidz flying singly and ina 
restive way toward a circular clearing on edge of woods, and would. in- 
variably disappear in the foliage as I supposed it to be. I lingered there 
for half an hour and observed their coming in from meadows adjoining, 
and wondered why they were flying so high when they reached the timber 
line, and many passing out of sight at a particular spot of that circular 
clearing. I stationed myself closer and almost under overhanging 
branches of a Swamp Maple (Acer rubrum), on which I noticed an ap- 
parently dead or dying branch, having the red leaves of Autumn foliage 
thereon. It contrasted strangely with the verdure of other branches and 
trees of vicinity. I have seen such branches in August destroyed by the 
agency of Locusts (Cicada septemdecim) and much resembling that in 
question. Presently I observed a Danaid circling overhead for a few 
minutes, flying towards this branch and alighting on uzderside of one of 
its branchlets, then dropping and folding up its wings hurriedly. One 
more leaf had now been added, and the mimicry revealed to my senses. 
It was as perfect as it could be. Every Danaid hung or rested there limp 
and lifeless as it were, and not in the least disturbed by the jarring occa- 
sioned by subsequent arrivals of others. The lowest part of this dead 
limb, which it was, because devoid of any leaf, was twelve feet above 
ground, so that I could not reach it with my net. I calculated that from 


- six to eight dozen Danaids were thereon. I tossed the net upward, 


shaking the limb when it came in contact with it, and the air seemed to 
be brilliant with fulvous tints of terrified butterflies. I subsequently re- 
visited the spot twice during the following week, but failed to observe 
Danaids in same locality or tree.—RICHARD E. Kunze, M.D., New York. 


Notes oN Mr. Desert Draconr.ies.—The following species of 
Odonata were taken during the Summer of 1890 on the island of Mt. 
Desert, Maine, and within a few miles of the village of Bar Harbor. 

I am indebted to Mr. Philip P. Calvert, of Philadelphia, who has kindly 
identified the specimens for me. The notes on the colors of the eyes 
were made while the specimens were fresh and not yet faded. 


: AGRIONIN&, 

Argia violacea Hag.—July ist, ¢. 

Ischnura verticalis Say.—Orange variety. June 25th, 1 2; eyes brown 
above. 

Enallagma Hageni Walsh.—July rst, 1 <3. 


AESCHNIN2. 
Neureschna vinosa Say. apy 25th, 1 ¢’; eyes greenish, becoming 
brown above. 


94 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. ‘[May, 


CORDULIN#. 
Cordulia semiaguea Burm.—July, ¢' and 2; eyes brown. 


LIBELLULIN2. 


Libellula quadrimaculata .—June 28th, Id; eyes brown above, 
greenish bloew. 
Celithemis elisa Hag. Be 28th, July roth; several males. and females; 
eyes chocolate-brown above. J 
Nannothemis bella Uhler.—July 1st, four females; eyes above brown, 
below gray, with a brown stripe down the centre. —Davip JAYNE BUuLLock, 
Philadelphia, Pa.° 


NOTES ON THE LARVA OF Catfoca/a habilis.—Last summer while search- 
ing for Agrotis under the loose bark of the hickory I was surprised to’ 
find many larvee of the above named species. They are not gregarious, 
as I afterwards learned, while feeding them in confinement, but are emi- 
nently nocturnal and only feed by,night and would naturally seek the shade 
and protection of the loose bark during the day. Every strip of bark 
sheltered more or less of them. They were made up of two broods. 
The larger ones were nearly full grown, while the smaller ones had hardly — 
got through the second moult. The larve of this species are so discom- 
moded by light that they seek the darkest corners of the rearing cage during 
the day, and at night if a strong light is brought to bear upon the bush — 
while they are feeding, they will immediately stop and will not go on with 
the repast until it is removed. I donot know whether the larve of this 
‘species has been written up or not. I believe little is known about a 
majority of the larve of this genus, but venture to say this one resembles 
the larva of C. Ultronia in form, but is somewhat smaller and dark iron-— 
gray variegated with small white spots. The last pair of pro-legs are very 
much spread or technically speaking, divaricate. When about to trans- 
form to pupa they leave the bush and form a cocoon an inch oraninch ~ 
and a half below the surface of the ground. In this respect they differ 
from others of the genus. The early brood came out winged flies the 
15th of July and the others a month later.—R. BUNKER, Rochester, N. Y. 


4, 


On Saturday, April 5th, Mr. Wm. J. Fox, of the Academy of Natural 
Sciences of Philadelphia, and Mr. Charles W. Johnson, of the Wagner 
Institute of Philadelphia, sailed for Jamaica. They go solely fer the pur- 
pose of studying and collecting the insect fauna of that island. They 
expect to be gone from six weeks to two months.—Ep. 


THE LARV& of Telea polyphemus generally are not found in any great 
number on one and the same food-plants. Late in August, or early in 
September, 1887, I took from three White Birches, none over fifteen feet 
high and growing so close together that branches interjoined, fifty-six of 
these larvze, about half of full grown size. A number of other adult larvae 
of same were collected from Betula alba, near by, on the bank of Harlem 
River, city of New York.—RicHarp E. Kunze, M.D., New York. . 


- ia 


1891. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 95 


Identification of Insects (Imagos) for Subscribers. » 


Specimens will be named under the following conditions: 1st, The number of speci- 
mens to be unlimited for each sending; 2d, The sender to pay all expenses of transporta- 
tiqn and the insects to become the property of the American Entomological Society ; 
3d, Each specimen must have a number attached so that the identification may be an- 
nounced accordingly. Address all packages to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws, Academy Natural 
Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. 


Insects have been named for E. Wilkinson, C. W. Chamberlain, Daniel 
G. Cox, W. E. Longley, B. F. Goss. 


+ 


Entomological Literature. 


- GARDEN AND Forest, vol. iv, No. 158, p. 99.—An insect pest of Cat- 
tleyas (Jsosoma archidearum). A fig. of the insect with larva and pupa. 


THE ENTOMOLOGIsT’s MONTHLY MAGAZINE, March, 1891.—A fortnight 
in Algeria, with descriptions of new Lepidoptera (concluded), by E. Mey- 
rick. Holiday captures of Lepidoptera in Switzerland in 1886, by G. T. 
Baker. Notes on some British and Exotic Coccidz (No. 19), by J. W. 
Douglas. On the new Australian Vine Pest, by Dr. E. Bergroth. On 
two new species of Heteromera from Japan, by George Lewis. Cryfio- 
hypnus dermestoides and its allies, by Geo. H. Horn, M.D. Description - 
of the larva of Aypena rostralis, by S. T. Porritt. Sphinx pinastri as a 
British insect, Eds. Plusia moneta F. in France, Id. Acidalia immorta, 
by Rev. J. Greene. Coleoptera and Lepidoptera at Bundoran Island, by 
Rev. W. F. Johnson. Aydroporus sepientrionalis and other Coleoptera 
in the Plymouth District, by James H. Keys. A query as to the food of 
certain Dipterous larve in nests of Vespidz, by R. Newstead. Scarcity 
of Aculeate Hymenoptera in South Devon, by G: A. J. Rothney. Acu- 
leate Hymenoptera in Wiltshire, 1890, by R. C. L. Perkins.—April, 1891. 
—Annotated List of the British Tachiniidz (continued), by R. H. Meade. 
Notes on some British and Exotic Coccidz (No. 20), by J. W. Douglas. 
Micropteryx sangti, a new species from birch, by J. H. Wood. On the 
erroneous inclusion of Ca/optria (Grapholitha) decolorana Fr. in the 
British fauna, by C. G. Barrett. Pempelia adelphellaid. Description of 
a new species of Azaspis from Scotland, with remarks, by G. C. Cham- 
pion. On two new species of Mexican Histeridz, by G. Lewis. Wiener 
Entomologischen Verein, Eds. A means of preserving collections in dry, 
hot countries, id. Newspaper entomology. Coleoptera at Church Stret- 
ton, by W. G. Blatch. Odonteus mobilicornis at Wellington College, by 
E. F. Elton. On the occasional development of wings in species of 
Hemiptera, usually Micropterous or Apterous, by J. W. Douglas. Hepi 
alus velleda in abundance in Somerset, by C. G. Barrett. Hesperia 
lineola in Somerset, id. A black variety of Phigalia pilosaria at Gains- 
borough, by Rev. Canon Fowler. Note concerning Pseudomacromia 
elegans and pretiosa Karsch., by R. McLachlan. <Axnthophora pilipes at 


96 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. .  [May, 


Ilfracombe, by E. Saunders. Note on some Irish Trichoptera, by’J. J. F. 
X. King. . 
LEepIpopTERA INpIcA. By F. Moore.—We have seen the first five parts 
of this grand work, and the first thing noticed was that the names of the — 
species figured were not on the plate, but were referred to the text by 
numbers. This impairs the value of the work very mach, and is an end- 
less nuisance to the working lepidoptertst. This great fault also occurred 
in Rhopalocera Malayana. We can’t understand why practical entomolo- | 
gists, who get out works, make this mistake. To see how this should be 
done we refer to the “ Biologia Centrali-Americana”’ and the works of 
Staudinger, Romanoff, Saalmiiller, etc. Thus far forty fine colored plates 
have been published illustrating the subfamily Euplceinz, in which the : 
author includes the old genera Hestia, Danais, Euplea, divided into a 
great many new ones. This will be an exceedingly valuable work to 
those seeking an aid to identification. 


OREGON AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION, Bulletin No. Bae : 
periments with the Codling Moth and with a combined Fungicide and 
Insecticide. The Hop Louse; Life-history, Prevention, Remedies, etc., by 
F. L. Washburn, entomologist. 


eee _— 


DELAWARE COLLEGE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION, Bulletin 
No. 12.—Injurious insects and insecticides. The following insects are 
considered: Black Peach Aphis, Spring Canker Worm, Rose Chafer, ” 
Harlequin Cabbage Bug, Cut Worms, Angoumois Moth, Flea Beetles. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, 
vol. ii, No. 1.—List of members. Nathan Banks: On Thalamia parie- 
talis Hentz. Otto Heidemann: Note on the occurrence of a rare Capsid 
near Washington, D. C. L. O. Howard: The habits of Zuryfoma, a new 
remarkable genus of Encyrtine ; The habits of Pachyneuron; The para- 
sites of the Hemerobiine. C. L. Marlatt: The Xanthium trypeata, Try- 
peata equalis Lw.; Observations on the habits of Vespa; Notes on the 
genus Jetopius, with description of a new species and table of species; 
The final moulting of Tenthredinid larve. Geo. Marx: A contribution 
to the knowledge of North American spiders; On the effect of poison of 
Lathrodectus mactans Walck. upon warm-blooded animals. C. V. Riley: 
Notes on the larva of Platypsyllus; On the difficulty of dealing with 
Lachnosterna; A viviparous cockroach; On the time of transformation 
in the genus Lachnosterna. E. A. Schwarz: Annual address of the 
president, North American publications on entomology; A list of the 
blind, or nearly eyeless Coleoptera hitherto found in North America; 
Labeling specimens; Note on the food-habits of Xyleborus tachygraphus 
and X. dispar; Coleoptera on the Black Locust; Notes on the breeding 
habits of some Scolytids; Contribution to the life-history of Corthylus 
punctatissimus and description of C. spinifer n. sp.; Feeding habit of a 
species of Empide. C. H. Townsend: Hemiptera collected in southern 
Michigan; The North American genera of Calyptrate Muscidze; Note on ~ 


a te ee 


eT ee 


1891. ] ; ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 97 


the genera 7ripiotricha Lw. and Agnotomyia Will.; Notes on the North 
American Tachinide sens. lat. with descriptions of new species. P. R. 
Uhler: Observations on some remarkable forms of Capsidze. . 
Tue TERTIARY INSECTS OF NortH AMERICA by Samuel H. Scudder, 
being vol. xiii, Hayden U. S. Geological Survey of the Territories; 663 
pages, 28 plates, with many figures. Mr. Scudder states that this grand 
work was commenced more than a dozen years. ago. The Myriapoda 
and Arachnides are treated of in conjunction with the various orders of 


insects. Such works as this mark eras in the studies of which they treat. 


ENTOMOLOGISCHE NACHRICHTEN, xvii, No. 3, February, 1891.—Mis- 
cellanea Coleopterologica, by C. Schaufuss; Chevrolatia Grouvellet, 
Mexico, n. sp: Tryphonid studies,* by Dr. Kriechbaumer.—No. 4, Feb- 
ruary, 1891.—On the life-history of Theridium sisyphium Clerk., and on 
Hemiteles sisyphii n. sp.* BQ, by C. Verhoeff. Rhizotrogus limbati- 
pennis Villa, an attempt to distinguish this species,* by E. Brenske. The 
Libellulid genera Orthetrum Newm. (Libe//a Brauer) and Thermorthemts 
Kirby,* by Dr. F. Karsch. 

Le NATURALISTE CANADIEN, February, 1891.—Entomological Notes: 
Descriptions of new species, by J. Hausen; on Coleoptera, Pterostichus 


_ (Dysidius) pulvinatus,’sp. nov., northern Vermont. 


ZOOLOGISCHER ANZEIGER, Feb. 16, 1891.—Note on the musculature of 
the halteres, by R. v. Lendeofeld. 
NoTES FROM THE LEYDEN MusEvM, xii, No. 3, July, 1890.—Note on 


-Tyana superba Moore, by P. C. T. Snellen. On Cyriocrates zonotor 


Thoms., by C. Ritsema. Descriptions of new Coleoptera of the family 
Eumolpide,* by E. Lefevre. Description of a new species of the genus 
Ectatorhinus (Coleoptera: fam. Curculionidze*), by W. Roelofs. 


Compre RENbDU. SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE BELGIQUE, Feb. 7, 
1891.—Descriptions of new Hesperide, 1st part, by P. Mabille; contains 
a large number of new species from all parts of the world, including Leu- 
cochitonea fuscescens, Honduras, Antigonus cupreiceps, Honduras, Achly- 
odes halidus, Merida, Narga scopas, id., Butleria polydesma, id., B. guad- 
ristriga, id., Cecropterus Dhega, Jalapa, Proteides hondurensis Honduras, 
P. midia Merida, from North America, and the following new genera: 
Sape, Hypoleucis, Narga, Eretis, Toxidia. Descriptions of Coleoptera 
from the mountains of Kashmir,* by L. Fairmaire; Blapidurus, Botiras, 


in. gen. 


‘Le NATURALISTE (Paris), 1 Mars, 1891.—The Acarinz of plants, their 
anatomie, Menegaux. Diagnosis of a new Lepidopter,* P. Dognin. 

' DiE VERWANDSCHAFT ZWISCHEN DER NOCTUIDEN-FAUNA VON NorD 
AMERIKA UND Europa [von] Herr Aug. R. Grote (extract from ‘ Ver- 
handlungen der Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Arzte,’’ Bremen, 


1890), 7 pages. 


* Contains new species other than North American. 


5* 


98 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May, 


ENTOMOLOGISCHE NACHRICHTEN, xvii, No. 5, March, 1891.—Review 
of the Odonata collected by Dr. Paul Preuss in German West Africa in 
1890,* Dr. F. Karsch; Mesocnemis, Hadrothemis, Archiclops, n. gen. 

BIOLOGISCHES CENTRALBLATT, xi, No. 3, Mar. 1891.—From insect life, 
Maria Grafin Linden; on some larve of Phryganea striata, 

Le NATURALISTE CANADIEN, March, 189r.—Entomoiogical notes, J. 
Hausen; P/atynus ( Anchomenus) testaceonotus n. sp., Ste. Rose, Quebec. 

BULLETIN DE LA SOCIETE ZOOLOGIQUE DE FRANCE, xv, No. 7, July, 
1890.—Note on the parasitic fly of the potherbs of the genus Allium, X. 
Raspail; Musca alliorum = brassicaria L? 

Le NATURALISTE (Paris), Mar. 15, 1891.—Diagnoses so new microle- 
pidoptera,* P. Chretien. 

BULLETIN DE LA SOCIETE D’ETUDES SCIENTIFIQUES p’ ANGERS, Nou- 
velle Serie, xix annee, 1889; Angers, 1890.—Catalogue of the Coleoptera 
of Maine-et-Loire, part 3, J. Gallois. 

MEMOIRES DE LA SOCIETE DES SCIENCES NATURELLES ET ARCHEO- 
LOGIQUES DE LA CREUSE, vi, Gueret, 1890.—[Habits of ] the Psyllidz, E. 
Pissot. 


ASSOCIATION FRANCAISE POUR L’AVANCEMENT DES SCIENCES, 18me 


Session; 2d part, Notes and memoirs, Paris, 1890.—Fossil insects of Aix, 
H. Nicolas. Hymenoptera of the south of France—the genus Ossia, 
H. Nicolas. On the distribution of the organs of taste in insects, A. S. 
Packard. 

SOCIETE LINNEENNE DU NORD DE LA FRANCE, No. 213, March, 1890. 
—Observations on the parasites of Lifaris salicis Dup., L. Carpentier. 
No. 215, May, 1890.—Materials for the catalogue of Orthoptera of the 
Somme, M. Dubois. 


L’ ENTOMOLOGISTE GENEVOIS, Ire Annee; 11e and 12e livraisons, Dec. 


15, 1890.—Monographic essay of the European species and those of neigh-. 


boring countries of Phalacride. Enumeration of the European and Cir- 
cumeuropean species of Hydronomide.* Studies on some Pompilidze 
of Europe and neighboring countries. New Hymenoptera.* Materials 
for the Swiss Dipterous Fauna; all by H. Tournier. 


Hor# SOCIETATIS ENTOMOLOGIC2 Rossic#, t. xxiv, St. Petersburg, 
1890.—Insects lately collected by G. N. Potanin in China and Mongolia: 
VII. Buprestidz, Gidemeridz, Cerambycidz,* L. Gangelbauer; Gauro- 
tina, Ischnorrhabda, Morimospasma, n. gen. X. Coleoptera (Neodor- 
cadion and Compsodorcadion)* and XI. Cymindis, Pseudopelia, Lethrus,* 
B. E. Jakowleff. XIV. Hymenoptera Aculeata,* Dr. F. Morawitz. XV. 
Curculionide,* J. Faust; Lechrioderus, Rhinodontus, Derelobus, n. gen. 
XVI. Chrysomelidz and Coccinellide (appendix),* J. Weise; Pho/a n. 
gen. XVII. Hemiptera-Heteroptera,* B. E. Jakowleff.—Insects lately 
collected in Central Asia on the journey of N. Przewalski. XVI. He- 


* Contains new species other than North American. 


i 


1891. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 99 


miptera-Heteroptera,* B. E. Jakowleff. XVII. Formicidze from Thibet,* 
G. Mayr. Turanian Cicindelids, A. Wilkins, 2 plates. Aralo-Caspian 
Coleopterous Fauna. XIII. Meloidz and Cantharidez,* W. Dokhtouroff, 
1 plate. Diagnoses of new Coleoptera from central and eastern Asia,* 
A. Semenow, nine new genera. New and known Histeridze from Euro- 
pean and Asiatic Russia, J. Schmidt; Dendrophilopsis n. gen. Some 
words on Gychrus from the Caucasus, A. Starck. Hymenoptera of 
Korea,* C. Radoszkowski. Proposal of a new method of preserving 
collections of insects against the attacks of their enemies, A. Wilkins. 
Addition to my works on the genus Aricia s. lat , J. Schnabl. Contribu- 
tion to the knowledge of the genus Psa/idium Illig.,* J. Faust. On the 
Hemipterous Fauna of Russia and the surrounding countries,* B. E. 
Jakowleff; Periphima, Mimudla, n. gen. On the biology and systematic 
position of the genus Chermes \.., N. Cholodkowsky, figs. Essential 
characters of some genera and subgenera of Anthomyide, J. Schnabl. 
Hymenoptera collected on Mt. Ararat,* Gen. C. Radoszkowski, figs. On 
the Thelyphonidz in the collections of some Russian museums, J. Tarnani, 
1 plate. Notice on Lefhrus Scop.,* B. E. Jakowleff; Abdbrognathus, 
Fleteroplistodus, n. gen. New Trans-Caspian Fossorial Hymenoptera,* 
Dr. F. Morawitz. 


BULLETIN DE LA SOCIETE IMPERIALE DES NATURALISTES DE Moscow, 
1890, No. 2. [On Rhopalocera], 1 plate. Zomicus Judeichii Kirsch, T. 
Teplouchow. 


TRAVAUX DE LA SOCIETE DES NATURALISTES A L’UNIVERSITE IMPE- 
RIALE DE KHARKOW, t. xxiii, 1890 (in Russian).—Notes on the histological 
structure of the digestive apparatus of the Myriapoda, N. Bielooussow. 
Description of some species of the genus Rhyssa Grh. of the fauna of the 
government of Kharkow, W. A. Jarochewsky. 


VERHANDLUNGEN K. K. ZOOL.-BOT. GESELLSCHAFT IN WIEN, xl. Bd., 
III. Quart, 1890.—On the stronghold of Hypoderma lineata Villers from 
[the researches of ] Dr. Adam Handlirsch, and other researches and ob- 
servations on CEstride, Dr. F. Brauer, figs. Cecidomyia pseudococcus 
Thomas, E. H. Rubsaamen. Larva and manner of living of C. pseudo- 
coccus n. sp., Dr. F. Thomas.—IV. Quart, 1890.—Identification table of 
the Heteroceri (Coleoptera) of Europe and the neighboring districts as 
far as known,* A. Kuwert, figs. 


ENTOMOLOGISCHE NACHRICHTEN, xviii, No. 6, March, 1891.—Diptera 
collected on the island of Zante by Dr. O. Schmiedeknecht, V. v. Roder. 
New Chilian species of Vespidz,* A. Schletterer. 


Doings of Societies. 
ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES.— ' 
A regular stated meeting was held March 26, 1891, Dr. Horn, Director, 
in the chair. Members present : Matindale, Laurent, Welles and Skinner. 


* Contains new species other than North American. 


100 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ May, 


Associates : Fox, Calvert, Liebeck, Dr. Castle. Visitors: Mr. Nell and 
Mr. Boerner. The following papers were presented for publication in the 
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.: Notes on some Noctuide, with descriptions of 
new genera and species, by John B. Smith. On the species of 77ypoxy- 
Jon, inhabiting America, North of Mexico, by Wm. J. Fox. Catalogue 
of the described species of South American Asi/ide, by S. W. Williston. 
A revision of the species of Euclea, Parasa and Packardia, with notes 
on Monoleuca and Varina ornata Neum., by H. G. Dyar. Dr. Horn 
spoke of the importance of those members interested in Coleoptera, col- 
lecting Agrilus. He had noticed that those inhabiting the United States 
North of Mexico formed a group peculiar to themselves. There appears 
to be a series of species in each group, that are parallel to series of other 
groups. Mr. Martindale mentioned the emergence from the chrysalis of 
a specimen of Papilio asterias. Mr. Welles had found a specimen of 
Scoliopteryx libatrix on the 24th of the month ; he did not know whether 
it hibernated or not. Dr. Horn placed on record the finding of Bem- 
bidium lampros Herbst. at Cambridge, Mass., and in Michigan by Mr. 
Schwarz, and at Ottawa, Canada, by Mr. Harrington. The determina- 
tions were made by Mr. H. W. Bates, to whom specimens were sent. 
Mr. Calvert presented a blue-print copy of a manuscript Check-List of 
the Odonata of North America (including Central America and the West 
Indies), which he had compiled for private use. He stated that according 
to this list the number of genera and species in the United States was 56 
and 240 respectively; that of these there were either in the collection of 
the Am. Ent. Soc., or in his own collection, American specimens of 53 
genera and 159 species, and that two of the remaining genera were 
represented by European specimens. In but one of the subfamilies 
were there less than 65 per cent. of the species represented, and that 
was the Gomphina, where, out of fifty species, but 16 were represented. 
The above figures did not include a number of undescribed species in 
both the collections. Mr. Martindale exhibited a photograph of the rare 
moth Erebus zenobia, the original of which was captured by Mr. Lewis 
Ullrich at Tiffin, Ohio. Mr. Laurent reported once having seen a speci- 
men of Anthocharis genutia flying in the streets of the city. The Section 
decided to take part in the annual meet of entomological societies to be 
held July 4th next. Mr. Philip Nell was elected an associate. 

HENRY SKINNER, Recorder. 

ST 

OBITUARY 
Dr. J. M. J. af Tengstrom, author of a work on the Micro-LEpipop- 

TERA of Finland, died Dec. 26, 1890, aged 69. 

TT 


: Errata to Vol. Il, No. 4. 
Page 8o, line 18 from top, for Colymbetes read Corymbites. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL News for April was mailed March 28, 1891. 


OS 


)ol 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION, - 


ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. 


= ae JUNE, 1801. No. 6. 
CONTENTS: 
Weeks—New Lepidoptera..........-+--+e0+ to2 | Blaisdell—Pupa of Plastocerus Schaumii 112 
Townsend—A remarkable new Hippo- Hamilton—Sphenophorus minimus...... 113 
boscid from Mexico.....-.-ssssssencsesees 1o5 | Dyar—Spilosoma latipennis........-+++ s+. TI5 
Angell—Larva of Polycesta elata -........ 106 | Rowley—Callidryas eubulein Missouri. 117 
Neumoegen—Some new and beautiful Notes GE INCWSieccccscccscsdccseestctdiedaatacses 119 
SEMEMIIOE 5 s0,5,.0<00ncaesese covoes osevervesere 107 | Entomological Literature............00s0+ 123 
Braun—Lepisesia flavofasciata............. 109 | Doings of Societies.........:ssseeee id cassis 126 
Skinner—Elementary Entomology...... 110 | 


The illustration this month represents two rare Hesperids, 
which were described in Vol. I, p. 23, of ENTOMOLOGICAL 
NEws. Owing to circumstances the figures could not be given 
sooner. The plate represents the so called half-tone process 
of photo-engraving invented by Mr. Ives, of this city. The 
plate was made by the Crosscup & West Company of g11 Filbert 
Street, Philadelphia. In previous issues we have presented a 
number of plates made by the Crosscup & West Company, and 
it can be readily seen how well adapted the method is for illustra- 
ting objects in this branch of natural history. Perhaps the greatest 
advantage of the method is its comparative cheapness. The older 
plan of lithography is an excellent one, but it is a luxury that can 
only be enjoyed by the wealthy, as it necessitates the employment 
of an artist to make the drawings, and a lithographer to do the 


lithographic work and printing, all of which are expensive. A 


plate by the Ives process can be made from a good photographic 
print of the object, but it is best to have it made from the nega- 
tive when possible. If the photograph is made on one of the 
new orthochromatic dry plates, the true color values of the ob- 
ject will be obtained. One of the great drawbacks to the study 


6 — 


- 


102 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, 


of Entomology in this: country is the paucity of illustrations. 
Now that good mechanical processes of illustration are a success, 
we hope to see tiresome descriptions supplemented by good illus- 
trations. Pl. IV, Vol. II, was made by the Crosscup & West 
Company from an ordinary negative (not orthochromatic), and 
the species are readily recognized. This plate would have cost 
at least five times as much by lithography. There will, undoubt- 
edly, be improvements made in this line, and we look forward to 
a great future for Entomology illustrated. 


nD 
Vv 


NEW LEPIDOPTERA. 
By A. G. WEEKS, JR., Boston. 


Hypolycena festata n. sp. i 
Hab.—Lower California (San José del Cabo). Expanse, 6 
and 9, 1.00 to 1.10 inches. 


Male.—Front and summit of head covered with light gray, nearly white 
hairs, deepening in shade as they approach thorax.- Antenne blackish, 
with white annulations at the base of each joint; club blackish brown, 
tipped with orange at base, the white extends nearly half way to apex. 
Thorax above presents generally the same color as wings, and is covered 
with grayish hairs; beneath it is almost pure white. Legs covered with 
white hairs, shading into gray at ends. Abdomen above same color as 
wings, the blue disappearing towards end, where it is replaced by deep- 
ening gray; underneath white, shading into yellowish gray at end. 

Upperside of fore-wings a deep rich purplish blue, with some lustre; a 
large discoidal spot of the original ground color not inclining to blackish; 
the base very slightly dusted with blackish gray scales; the costa edged 
with blackish gray, at most linear over discoidal cell, and broadening 
towards apex, then extending down -hind margin, of varying width, and 
covering one-third of marginal area; inner margin without any border. 
Hind wings: ground color same as fore-wings; inner margin light gray; 
costa and hind margin with a linear edge of blackish gray, inside of which, 
on the hind margin, is a fine thread-like line of white, broadening some- 
what towards anal angle; inside of this is an almost imperceptible shading 
of dark blackish gray, bordering the ground color; two thread-like tails 
from termination of submedian nervure and first median nervule, the 
former more than thrice the length of the latter, blackish gray, very slightly 
edged and tipped with white; between these tails the dark shading inside 
of white line, broadens into a dark spot, and this broadening is repeated 
below the submedian nervure, but in less degree; at anal angle is an 
orange spot of small size, bordered at top with white, and bearing a few 
light blue scales at lower edge. : 


1891. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 103 


Beneath both wings are light gray with slight intermingling of whitish 
scales, and near base a slight shading of darker gray, which latter is want- 
ing in some specimens. The costa of the fore-wing is edged with orange 


near base, about one-quarter the distance to apex; edge of hind margin 


with a delicate line of dark brownish gray; the dark edging which appears 
on upper side and occupies one-third of marginal area, manifests itself 
underneath by a very slight yellowish tinge, scarcely perceptible on the 
gray back-ground ; on the inner edge of this, one-sixteenth inch from 
margin, is a transverse stripe of darkish gray elongated streaks extending 
from the costal border to the lower median nervule, bordered on each 
side with lighter gray, and always very indistinct, imperceptible on some 
specimens; inside of these and one-third the distance from margin to base 
is a series of more or less distinct transverse streaks extending from costa 
to lower median nervule, bordered with white or very light gray on the 
outside, and with orange on the inside, the orange being nearly absent at 
upper part near costa, but becoming more prominent below; this line is 
the prominent feature of the markings; within this and parallel to it is a 
line of very indistinct darkish transverse streaks extending to inner mar- 
gin. On the edge of hind margin of hind wing is a delicate line of dark 
brownish gray, Wrdered on inner side with white, or very light gray; 
within this and one-sixteenth inch from margin is a line of nearly semi- 
circular darkish gray lines extending from costa to inner margin, occa- 
sionally with a few orange scales enclosed and bordered with a little lightish 
gray; in the middle of the outer two-thirds of the wing is an irregular, 
but nearly straight series of transverse streaks of dark gray, forming a 
continuance of the streaks on fore-wing, but more strongly bordered with 
orange on inner side and white on outer side, and running parallel to the 
margin and terminating at inner margin about one-third the distance from 
anal angle to base; in the lower median interspace is a prominent orange 
spot, bordered above with a black line and enclosing at its base a nearly 
circular black spot, almost touching hind margin; in the next space below 
is a similar orange and black spot, less than half the size of the first and 
less distinctly marked, extending over the nervure to the anal angle; 
between these spots there is a sprinkling of light bluish scales, sometimes 
absent. 

Female.—Head, antennz and legs, same as male. Thorax and abdo- 
men the same, except the blue of the male is replaced by the ground color 
of the wings. Ground color of wings a light grayish blue, near light 
slate color; some specimens being brighter and with considerable lustre; 
markings the same as male, except that the discoidal spot is wanting (al- 
though slightly apparent on some specimens), and the border of blackish 
gray on fore-wings, especially on hind margins, is more suffused, and 
covers one-half the area of the wing, extending from lower angle to a 
point on costa midway between apex and base. Beneath identical with 3. 


The specimens described were taken near San José del Cabo, 
at extreme end of the cape, in the month of August. They were 


104 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, 


flitting about the flowering vines near sea-level. Described from 
sixteen males and seven females in my collection; taken by Mr. 
M. Abbot Frazar in 1888. , 


Lemonias maxima n. sp. 
Hab.—Lower California. Expanse, 1.60 inches. 


Front of head covered with white hairs, shading into blackish brown at 
summit; between head and thorax a ‘‘collar’’ of fulvous hairs. Palpi 
white, shading into blackish brown at ends. Antenne blackish, with 
white annulations at base of each joint; club blackish, tipped with fulvous. 
Thorax above black, covered with blackish brown hairs; beneath white. 
Abdomen the same as thorax. 

Fore-wings above fulvous and dark brown, with white spots; margins 
dark brown. Costa dark brown, with a linear fulvous dash near base. 
The dark brown along hind margins covers marginal area; near hind 
margin a row of seven white spots in interspaces, the upper two elongated, 
and all bordered with a soft dash of blackish brown on basal and outer 
sides, more apparent on basal side. Within these, and one-third distance 
from margin to base, a second row of seven white spots, larger than the 
first and cone-shaped (apex outward), bordered with black on basal side 
only, arranged, the upper three in a line at right angle to costa, the next 
three at right angle with inner margin and the lower one not in line, but 
placed nearer hind margin ; the upper three are placed in the dark brown 
of marginal area, the lower four in the fulvous ground color. Above this 
row and nearly in costal edge, is a small white speck; at the end of cell a 
large white spot edged on each side with black; below this, extending 
from median nervule to submedian nervure, another large white spot, — 
bordered with black on basal. side only and irregular in shape; between 
these two, in notch formed by junction of median nervule and median 
nervure, a small blackish brown spot. In center of cell a round white 
spot bordered with black, and below this, below nervure, another white 
spot bordered with black; between these and base two slight dashes of 
white; nervures and nervules dark brown. Hind wings are marked the 
same, except that in second row of white spots the second two are much 
elongated, with basal ends joining and forming a V; also, on the costa 
over center of cell, a larger elongated white spot with no border. 

Wings beneath much the same as above, except general coloring is much 
lighter and brighter and some lustre. Costa of fore-wings edged with 
white near base, broader at base, and tapering off to a point half way up 
the wing. White spots more suffused; these forming the Y on the upper 
side of hind wings, blended in one irregular spot, and elongated or suf- 
fused enough to join with white spot in cell. Base of hind wings, and 
inner margin of same, generously dashed with silvery scales. 


Described from two specimens in my collection, taken near 
San José del Cabo, Lower California, by Mr. M. Abbot Frazar. 


1891. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 105 


A Remarkable new Hippoboscid from Mexico. 
By C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, Las Cruces, N. M. 
{Read before the Entomological Society of Washington, Feb. 5, 1891.] 

Recently Dr. Alfredo Duges, of Guanajuato, Mexico, sent me 
a unique of a species of Hippoboscidz, with the request that I _ 
describe it. It had been taken on a bat, Glossophaga soricina, 
and was labeled 7richobius sp. This genus is queried in Scud- 
der’s ‘‘ Nomenclator,’’ being followed by the authority Gervais, 
also queried, the information having apparently been furnished 
by Mr. Bigot. I have searched in vain for any description. or 
any mention of this genus in literature, except the remark by 
Mr. Bigot that he does not know the genus (Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 
1885, p. 228), and I am forced to the conclusion that it has never 
been described, but is perhaps merely a name that has been per- 
petuated by labels in collections. 

The above specimen has much the general appearance of Stred/a, 
according to Wiedemann’s and Macquart’s figures of S. vesper- 
tilionis, and its similar habit would point to a near relationship 
with that genus. However, on Bigot’s authority, Stred/a has the 
claws of the tarsi simple, while our specimen has them bidentate, 
and further differs in having the first joint of all the tarsi very - 


short, not elongate, not distinctly longer than the three following 


joints. Loew considered Stred/a to belong to the Nycteribide 
on account of the first joint of the tarsi being elongate. The 
above specimen, moreover, has the eyes situated farther forward, 
near the middle of the head, instead of on the outer posterior 
angles. Yet, after all these differences, the venation agrees almost 
exactly with Stved/a.. If we consider with Loew that the latter 
genus belongs with the Nycteribidz, then the present specimen 
is the first Hippoboscid known to be parasitic on bats. I am 
inclined to believe, however, that .S¢ved/a should, from its flattened 
head and the presence of wings, be included with the Hippobos- 
cidz, in spite of the fact that it is parasitic on bats. In this con- 
nection .S. avium Macq., said by Loew to be synonymous with 
S. vespertiliontis, is recorded as parasitic on pigeons and parrots 
in San Domingo. It is possible that this synonymy is in error, 
as the difference in habit would indicate two distinct forms. If 
such is the case, it might favor. the separation of Stred/a and 
allied genera, with 7richodcus, under the family name Streblidz, 
as already adopted by some authors. 


106 ENTOMOOLGICAL NEWS. [ June, 


However this may be, our specimen is remarkable as an unde- 
scribed form parasitic on bats, and in spite of differential charac- 
ters, being probably nearly related to Stred/a. As I can find no 
description of the genus 77ichodius, 1 adopt the name and de- 


scribe it as new. 
TRICHOBIUS nov. gen. 


Head more or less flattened, tubercular, or warted above; eyes situated 
nearer the middle than the back of the head, distinct; antennze (?) dis- 
tinct, apparently single jointed, with a terminal bristle; ocelli absent. 
Wings present, much longer than the abdomen, with six longitudinal and 
three transverse veins; first longitudinal vein ending in the front margin 
at about the outer two-thirds of the wing; second ending a little before 
the tip; third forking from the second near the base of the wing, and end- 
ing exactly at the wing tip; anterior transverse vein a little below (behind) 
the furcation of the second and third veins; the hindmost (innermost) 
cross-vein, which may be called the posterior, near the margin somewhat 
below the anterior and between the fifth and sixth veins; the other cross- 
vein, which may be called the apical, near the margin of the wing and 
between the fourth and fifth veins. Legs moderately short, somewhat 
stout; tarsi 5-jointed, the first joint of all pairs not perceptibly longer than 
each of the three following, very short; claws stout, two-toothed. 

I take pleasure in naming this interesting species in honor of 
Dr. Alfredo Duges, of the Colegio del Estado, at Guanajnato. 

Trichobius dugesii nov. sp.—Entirely tawny, or very pale reddish yellow. — 
Head flattened, warty above, bristly below and at the vertex, rounded in 
outline, light fulvous; eyes silvery. Thorax deeper fulvous, bristly above; 
transverse suture distinct, also dorsal_and humeral sutures. Abdomen 
very light fulvous, somewhat bristly on the sides and at the extremity. 
Legs fulvous, femora enlarged, very bristly above; last joint of all the 
tarsi as long as the four very short joints that precede it taken together; 
claws stout, black, two-toothed; tibize and tarsi short pubescent. Wings 
very light fulvous, with veins deeper fulvous; entire wing borders and 
veins bristly. Iength of body, 1% mm.; to tips of wings, 24% mm. 

One specimen, taken on Glossophaga soricina, Guanajuato, 
Mexico, ; 


ry) 
VY 


LARVA OF POLYCESTA ELATA Lec. 
By G. W. J. ANGELL, N. Y. City. 

Form elongate, flattened, dorsal and ventral surface slightly 
convex. Color white; segments thirteen, three thoracic and ten 
abdominal. First four abdominal segments equal in width, fifth 
to tenth gradually tapering. Last segment conical, truncate; 


18g1. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 107 


anal opening longitudinal. Prothorax large, narrowed in front; 
a fuscous cuneiform median sulcus extending from anterior mar- 
gin to base. Spiracles nine; first 
large, fuscous and crescent shaped, 
situated in fold of the infero-lateral 
plate of mesothoracic segment at the 
juncture of dorsal plate. Spiracles 
second to ninth small, black or fus- 
cous, situated on first eight abdominal 
segments near anterior margin . of 
dorsal division, increasing in size 
from second to fifth, and decreasing 
from fifth to ninth. Head rather 
prominent, oval and convex, dengely 
clothed with short fuscous hairs,‘ a 
small punctiform fova on each side. 
Clypeus emarginate, with dark chiti- 
nous borders. Labrum coriaceous, 
fuscous at base, anterior margin 
slightly sinuate. Mandibles short, 
stout, cleft at tip, grooved at base; 
mentum coriaceous, emarginate and 
trisinuate. Labium membraneous, cordate. Paraglosse promi- 
nent. Antennz small, three-jointed, situated near base of man- 
dibles. Length of full grown larve from two to two and one-half 
inches. 

Breeds in post oak (Quercus obtusiloba Michx), cutting a 
grooved channel, slightly flattened, in general course parallel to 
and near the bark. The figures are life size, drawn from larve 
and pupa; raised from specimens received from Cypress Mills, 
Texas. 


SOME NEW AND BEAUTIFUL AGERIADA. 
By BERTHOLD NEUMOEGEN, New York. 


Although our fauna contains quite a number of A<geriada, 
yet the group does not seem so prolific as its European relatives 
and the American insects, among whom there are some extremely 
beautiful and striking species, are counted as rarities up to this 
day. Since Mr. Hy. Edwards has sifted the various genera some 


108 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, 


years ago, very few new comers have been announced. It there- 
fore affords me great pleasure to be able to describe some promi- 
nent new species. 


Trochilium califoraicum n. sp.—Palpi, head, collar, abdomen and legs, 
bright sulphur color. Antenne light brown, thickening in centre and 
curling at tips, minutely pectinated. Thorax black, with light yellow bor- 
ders. Primaries and secondaries vitreous; the costa, margins and ner- 
vures in both of them, as well as the discal spot of primaries, of light 
coffee brown. A bright yellow spot at base of primaries. Fringes light 
coffee brown. The first two segments of abdomen black, with a small 
yellow intersection of remaining segments a few slightly marked with 
black lines. Expanse of wings, 37 mm.; length of body, 15 mm. 


HTab.—Central California. Type ?, coll. B. Neumoegen. 

This insect comes very near 7. pacificum Hy. Edw., of which 
it seems to be the southern representative. It is easily distin- 
guished by its antennze and abdomen, besides being a smaller 
insect. 


Trochilium minimum n. sp.—Antennz black, pectinated. Palpi, head — 


and collar yellow, the latter with a black border; patagiz black, with 
yellow rims. Legs and abdomen yellow, the latter with black segmentary 
bands. Primaries and secondaries above vitreous; costa, margins, discal 
ee on primaries, nervures, fringes, uniformly brown. Below, costa and 
iscal spot of primaries, as well as anal margin of secondaries, have a 
yellow tinge. Expanse of wings, 29 mm.; length of body, to mm. 


Hab.—Denver, Col. Type %, coll. B. Neumoegen. 

Mr. D. Bruce caught this specimen, and informs me that its 
larva feeds on willow. He will probably be able to give a full 
description of the latter next season. This is the smallest North 
American true 7yochilium so far known, and comes very near 
the European 7rochilium melanocephalum Dalm. 


Laranda palmii n. sp.—._ Antenne slightly pectinated. Palpi light 
red. Head black, collar yellow. Thorax black, overcast with red dust. 
Abdom-n black, with first and fourth segments yellow, and red anal tuft. 
Below yellow, dusted with red. Legs brownish red; fringes black.  Pri- 
maries slender, of reddish tinge, overcast with black, especially along 
costa, apical space and exterior margin. Secondaries about one-third 
larger than primaries; bright red. Basal half hyaline; black shades at 
apex, exterior margin and anal angle. Below, primaries black, shading 
into red at base, costa and along exterior margin. Secondaries red, hya- 
line; nervures and fringes black. 

?.—Antennz slender, simple, much larger than the ¢', and wings not 
so disproportionate. Primaries and secondaries bright red; costa and 


1 
b 
] 
: 
. 
. 


[ 1891. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 109 


exterior margins prominently black, with black areas at apex and anal 
angle of secondaries. Below, a large part of inner space of primaries 
black; costa and margins bright red. Secondaries with black nervures. 
Expanse of wings, 9, 25 mm.; 2, 27 mm.; length of body, ¢' 9 mm.; 
Q, 11 mm. 


Hab.—South Arizona. Types, three males and one female; 
coll. Charles Palm and B. Neumoegen. 

I take great pleasure in dedicating this beautiful insect to my 
friend, Mr. Charles Palm. 


Albuna vitrina n. sp.—Head black; palpi and collar yellow. Thorax 
black. Antennz brown, pectinated; caudal tuft narrow and black. Legs 
black, with yellow joints. Primaries and secondaries vitreous; prominent 
discal spot on primaries; costa, margins, discal spot and nervures brown, 
with a basal dot of same color on both wings. Below the same, except 
that nervures of costa and interior margin of primaries are pale yellow. 
Expanse of wings, 21 mm.; length of body, 1o mm. 


Hab.—Ft. Calgary, N. W. Territory. Type %, coll. B. Neu- 
moegen. 


.) 
U 


NOTES ON THE EARLIER STAGES OF LEPISESIA 
FLAVOFASCIATA Barnst. 


By Cart Braun, Bangor, Me. 
(Continued from p. 89, Vol. II, No. 5.) 


The freshly-laid egg resembles that of Dezlaph. chamenerii 
very much; indeed, at the first sight, one’ who is acquainted with 
the ova of the Sphingidz would take it to be nothing else, so- 
striking is the resemblance in size, color and form. It is grass- 
_ green, with a smooth surface without granulations, in form sphe- 
roidal; diameter about one-third of an inch; they change before 
hatching, which takes place in from five to six days, to a yellowish 
white color. The young larva is three-sixteenths of an inch long, 
cylindrical, yellowish white with a large head, on each side of 
which is a large black eye-spot. The head resembles in com- 
parison that of a pug dog. All the legs are tipped with black; 
the horn, which is short, stout and straight, is tipped with black. 
The first molt is made in seven days. The color changes now to 
bluish green, with a faint rosy, irregular longitudinal stripe on 
the back. The color on tip of horn is violet or black, it grows 
shorter at every change, till it finally is discarded at the third 


110 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, 


molt, and only a shiny botton remains, which has a black rim. 
After the third molt the larva changés to light brown on sides 
and darker above, beneath rosy. 

Of nine full grown larve the smallest measured I. 50 inches, 
the largest 1.68 inches. The color is of a uniform chocolate with 
a smooth surface, rosy beneath; legs tipped with black, two large 
black eye-spots, one on each side of head, which is large in com- 
parison to body. The larva is stout and cylindrical; they feed 
from thirty-five to thirty-seven days on Epilodium. Pupation is 
on top of ground, among leaves, making an attempt at a light 
cocoon similar to the manner of Hemaris thysbe and diffinis. 


The newly-made pupa is from seven-eighths to one inch long, 


stout, with prominent head of ochre yellow, which changes to 
chestnut in some and blackish brown in others. The cremaster 
is short and stout, with seven terminal hooks; in some, nine; in 
others, which are barbed, a silk thread attaches the hooks to the 
leaf cocoon. The habits of the larve are peculiar; they feed 
mostly at night, hiding on the underside of the leaf by day with 
head thrown ‘to the right side of body; they are very restless 
when young, but soon become quiet after they have once settled 
on their food; they require a great deal of care, and need plenty 
of good air, and will not thrive in the glass jar, but will do well 


on the food put in water with a fine gauze-net over it ina iss 


place. 
In the next paper I will sts cist to describe the earlier stages 
of Smerinthus cerisyt. 


vay 


ELEMENTARY ENTOMOLOGY. 


LEPIDOPTERA. 
The eggs of butterflies and moths are very carefillae laid by 


the female insect on the appropriate plant on which the young ~ 


caterpillars are destined to feed. They are unerring botanists in 
this respect, and never make a mistake, although they sometimes 
deposit eggs on plants the leaves or stems of which mingle with 
those on which the larve are to feed, and to which they soon find 
their way. The eggs are secured to the plants by a kind of glue 
or cement, which soon dries on exposure to the air, and is neces- 


sarily insoluble in water. They are. laid singly or in varying — 


: 
: 
: 
| 


1891. | ENTOMO@LOGICAL NEWS. III 


numbers. Sometimes they are all laid together and with much 
regularity on the leaf or around a twig; in this case the young 
larve are gregarious, and continue to feed in a community. 
Some species are gregarious, while the larve are young, but sepa- 
rate as they approach full grow th and shift for themselves. The 
eggs, to a certain extent, mimic their surroundings to protect 
them from spiders and birds, and also from parasites that feed on 
them. The eggs of Zolyfe velleda are laid in strings, and are 
covered by hairs from the tuft at the end of the abdomen of the 
female moth and they closely resemble a hairy caterpillar. 

“The eggs of butterflies are composed externally of a thin 
pellicle, separated into the base, walls and micropyle (apex of 
the egg and place where the male fertilizing cells enter).’’ The 
micropyle is made up of very small cells, and the walls are either 
smooth or variously sculptured. They vary considerably in shape, 
the principal varieties being globular, hemispherical, cone, or 
spindle shaped. White or green are the prevailing colors, al- 
though they may in some cases be yellow, red or brown. As 
the young caterpillar develops, its color may be seen through the 
thin and delicate walls of the shell, and this makes the egg appear 
black. The eggs of the Satyrine, Nymphalidz and ‘Papilionidz 
are globular; in the Hesperide they are usually hemispherical, 
and in the Pierinz they are spindle-shaped. The hatching period 
is a variable one, depending on temperature and exposure to the 
direct rays of the sun. It may be stated in a general way that 
they hatch in from three to twenty days, according to the species. 
Some species pass the Winter in the egg state, although the vast 
majority live during this period as chrysalids. The eggs of le- 
-pidoptera make very pretty and interesting objects for study 
under a magnifying-glass or microscope, and the different eggs 
of the different species bear the same relation to each other as do 
the different species in the perfect or imago state, and there is no 
‘doubt but what a system of classification could be formulated 
from these alone. The eggs of some species are very readily 
found, and the writer would urge the beginner to look on cab- 
bage plants for the odd little spindle-shaped eggs of Pieris rape, 
and study them under a glass and see the micropyle, etc., and 
then place them in a box with the food-plant and rear the young 
larvee to the perfect state, and thus gain a knowledge of the life- 
history of one species, which will be a good guide to the study 


112 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, 


of all others. The eggs of Danais archippus are also readily 
found on the common silk or milk-weed (at the present time, 
May roth). They are generally deposited on the underside of a 
leaf, and usually only one on a plant, and if the leaves are care- 
fully examined the eggs are easily seen, They are conical in 
form and longitudinally ribbed, and between these run transverse 


ones. They are white when laid, but gradually turn yeliow, and — 


just before the young caterpillar is to emerge they change to a 
steel-gray color. : 
Another common species which is often found depositing its 
eggs on clover is Colias philodice. The egg of this species is in 
the shape of a spindle, and is attached to the plant by the point 


or one end. They are pale yellow when first laid, but soon 


change to a dark crimson, and are very interesting and pretty 


objects. They are also longitudinally ribbed and crossed by — 


strie. It would be well if egg hunting were considered more 
profitable by lepidopterists, as there is no doubt but what great 
expertness could be acquired in this line, and in this way much 
interesting knowledge would be gained, and when they were 
carried through to the perfect state nice, bright, and faultless 
specimens would be obtained.—Ep. 


ray 
VU 


Pupa of Plastocerus Schaumii. 
By Frank E. BLAISDELL, M.D., Coronado, Cal. 


Length 13.4 mm. Form elongate, curved, non-pubescent. Color of 
head, thorax and members, dirty white, with slight tinge of yellow; head 
and thorax opaque; members translucent; abdominal segments fulvous; 
central portions opaque; borders semi-transparent. Head deflexed and 
sunken, rather deeply into prothorax; front full, with two slight depres- 
sions separated by a median longitudinal ridge; denticulation of mandi- 
bles visible. Antennz curved, thrown back so that middle of the con- 
vexity touches corresponding portion of the side of prothorax; apices 
near or resting against knees of anterior and posterior limbs, which ap- 


proximate; pectinations directed inwards and backwards. Prothorax 
quadrate, flexed upon mesothorax; anterior angles overlapping the eyes, . 


so as to cover the posterior half of their surface; posterior angles promi- 
nent, strongly divergent; anterior border bearing two spines, each being 
situated at the junction of the middle, with an outer third. Spines mod- 
erately divergent, basal halves straight, stout; apical portions slender, 
curved, chitinous; tips piceous. Mesonotal region depressed; elytral pads 
striate, much narrower than those of wings, scarcely reaching base of 


fourth abdominal segment. Metanotal region full, prominent; alar pads” 


a 


1891. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 113 


with apices nearer median line and posterior to those of elytra, overlap- 
ping base of fourth abdominal segment; anterior pair limbs extending to 
base of second abdominal segment; median pair to opposite base of third, 
posterior pair to centre of sixth segment. Abdomen depressed, moder- 
ately curved upon itself; sides feebly convex. Segments nine, decreasing 
very slowly in width to fifth, then more rapidly; third, fourth, fifth and 
sixth, subequal; first shorter than second, which is shorter than third; 
eighth two-thirds as wide as third, shorter than seventh; ninth (anal) sculp- 
tured, partly sunken within eighth; from its dorsal surface and beneath 
posterior border of eighth two spines project, which are divergent, slightly 
recurved, chitinous. Sexual characters: male distinguished by the longer 
antennal pectinations. There is no appreciable difference between the 
eighth ventral segments in the two sexes. 


Two specimens (% and @), Coronado, San Diego County, 
taken June 24th and July Ist, 1890, from 20.32 cm. below the 
surface of the soil. Position and pupal chamber had been de- 
stroyed before they were observed. From the appearance and 
position of the spines, I would infer that the pupa approaches 
the surface previous to the emergence of the imago. The adult 
insect is vividly portrayed at this stage, the quadrate pronotum 
suggests P. frater. One specimen was permitted to complete 
the transformations, the imago possessing a narrow prothorax 
and divergent posterior angles, characteristic of Schaumii. Six 
days previous to the appearance of the imago, the eyes and man- 
dibles began to darken; prothorax darkened, but slightly. The 
hardening and darkening of the imaginal exoskeleton progressed 
very slowly; head and thorax had darkened by the fifth day; ab- 
domen and elytra by the tenth day. The larva has not yet been 
recognized, but believe I possess it among several species of 
Elaterid larve. 


oO 
Note on Sphenophorus minimus Hart. 
By JoHN HAmILton, M.D., Allegheny, Pa. 


Examining some indeterminata taken here, which have been 
accumulating during several years, two specimens of Spheno- - 
phorus minimus Hart were discovered,—a species described 
‘ lately by Mr. A. C. Hart in an article entitled, ‘‘ The Corn Bill 
Bugs,’’ in which he writes an excellent ‘‘ Key to the Illinois ° 
Species’’ ( pertinax, robustus, costipennis, scoparius, sculptilis, 
cariosus, melanocephalus, Sayi, placidus, minimus and parvulus). 
The article treats these species exhaustively, accompanied by 
three plates of well executed, enlarged figures, and is published 


‘y14 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, 


in the 16th Report of the State Entomologist of Illinois, being 
the 5th Report of S. A. Forbes for 1887-88, pp. 58-74, and 
plates I, II and III in part. 

As this species is evidently local, and perhaps i in many collec- 
tions as an indeterminate, a presentation here of its distinguishing 
characters may be opportune, as comparatively few, to whom it 
might be useful, are likely to meet with the Report in which oon 
description is published. 

Sphenophorus minimus Hart.—Black, opaque when denuded, covered 
with a thin cinereous indument, argillaceous in the large punctures, ex- 
cept rostrum before antennz; antennal club and basal portion of anterior 
femora internally, shining black; funicle and tarsi polished rufous. Ros- 
trum, ©, half as long as thorax, finely punctured for a short distance in 
front of the eyes and not deeply canaliculate, slightly arcuate, moderately 
compressed, scarcely wider to tip, base sbruptly dilated over the scrobes 
and coarsely punctured, as is likewise the head; thorax longer than wide, 


nearly as wide as the elytra, moderately constricted at apex, base and 


apex behind constriction subequal, slightly widest before middle, behind 
which the sidés are nearly parallel to base, which is roundly truncate each 
side; surface sparsely, irregularly variolato-punctate, with large shallow 
punctures; a small, median, smooth space, tending to obsolescence, or to 
project backwards as a fine line; anterior constriction with close-placed, 
discrete, shallow, variolate punctures to margin; scutellum elongate, nar- 
row, not channeled, coated normally, but liable to abrasion. Elytra widest 
near base, gradually narrower to tip, finely striate, striz each with a few 
distant, coarse, variolate punctures placed transversely in rows, the de- 
pressions around which make the surface uneven; intervals flat, equal, 
when denuded finely uniseriately punctured; pygidium shallowly punc- 
tured, pubescent with yellow bristles near ,tip, and on each side of apex 
with a small tuft. Underside with small, discrete, variolate punctures. 
The centre of all the punctures is luteous, which, contrasted with the 
cinereous surface, causes a spotted appearance. Length 5 mm. 


This species belongs to the fifth section of Dr. Geo. H. Horn’s 
synopsis (Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. Phil. xiii, 421), where it forms a 
third division under Section A, with this definition: ZVhorax 
sparsely and irregularly punctured with large variolate punctures. 
The above characters are derived from the two specimens in my 


collection. Mr. Hart’s description was made from six males and. 


five females, taken from floating driftwood and logs near water, 
at Urbana and Springfield, Ill. Length 5-6 mm. The smallest 
species in our fauna, Mr. Hart says. I have ten examples of 
parvulus from Illinois and Iowa, none of which exceed 5 mm. 
Measurements from anterior margin of thorax. ' 


1891. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 115 


Preparatory stages of Spilosoma latipennis Stretch. 


By Harrison G. Dyar, New York City. 


Egg.—Not observed; the eggs had been entirely devoured by the little 
larve, but, judging from the marks left on the leaf, were about .6 mm. in 
diameter. , 

First stage.—Not observed, but judging from the cast skins very similar 
to the second stage. The head was pale, the jaws brown, width some- 
what over .3 mm. ; 

Second stage.—The larve were found in this stage June 26th on an ash 
leaf, some twenty or thirty together. Head pale whitish, brownish on the 
clypeus and at vertex; ocelli black; width .4 mm. Body whitish, the 
warts concolorous and hardly distinguishable, bearing long whitish hairs. 
Length of larva 3 mm. 

Third stage.—Head shiny, pale yellowish, faintly brownish at the ver- 
tex, ocelli black; jaws brown; width, .6mm. Body as before, the warts 
small, concolorous, and bearing long blackish hairs. 

Fourth stage.—Head as before, but not brownish at the vertex; width 
-gmm. Body pale whitish, semi-transparent, the food showing through 
asa darker band. Hair rather long, whitish. Length 8 mm. 

Fifth stage.—Head pale straw color, ocelli black, mouth brownish; 
width 1.1mm. Body as before, the hair whitish and rather abundant. 

Sixth stage—As in the previous stage; width of head 1.3 mm. An 
orange subdorsal spot on joint 12, and a much fainter one on joint 3. 

Seventh stage.—As before; width of head about 1.6 mm. (measurement 
not very accurate) A blackish subdorsal shade band and row of seg- 
’ mentary white dorsal spots faint at the extremities of the body. Hair 
rather long, mixed with black. 

Eighth stage.—Head testaceous; jaws dark brown; ocelli black; width 
2.1mm. Body sordid greenish, mottled with black over the dorsum, a 
white dorsal and super-stigmatal line and pale stigmatal shade; spiracles 
white in a narrow black border; warts large, concolorous. Hair rather 
bristly, of irregular length, tawny brown, mixed with blackish; on joint 
12 an orange spot surrounding the wart of row three. Thoracic feet 
testaceous. . 

Ninth stage.—Head brownish testaceous, mouth pale, ocelli and jaws 
black; width 2.3 mm. Body nearly black from the thick mottlings, the 
dorsal and super-stigmatal lines white; spiracles as before. Thoracic feet 
testaceous, abdominal feet. black outwardly; a subdorsal orange spot 
before wart three on joint 12. Venter as black as the body above; warts 
large, pale yellowish. Hair foxy red, mixed with blackish. 

Tenth stage.—Exactly as in the previous stage; width of the head 2.6 mm. 

Eleventh stage.—Head testaceous brown, labrum, mouth and antennz 
pale ; width 3.1 mm. Body nearly black, with only the merest traces of 
the lines, the orange spots on joint 12 small; spiracles white. Thoracic 
feet brownish testaceous, the claspers of the abdominal feet pale; warts 


116 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, 


pale; hair bristly, blackish, appearing foxy red next the body. The larva 
resembles the dark brown form of Spi/osoma virginica in appearance. 


Cocoon formed of the larval hairs held in place with silk as in other 
species of Spzlosoma. 


Pupa robust; nearly straight along the ventral line, slightly contracted 
along the ventral line, slightly contracted laterally behind the thorax. 
Abdomen large, rounded, the last segments tapering rapidly; cremaster 
flat, short and thick, furnished with many short knobbed spines. Thorax 
and cases creased; body coarsely, but densely punctured. Color pitchy 
black, shiny, the spiracles pale reddish. 


The larva matured and began to form its cocoon September 3d, 


giving a larval period of over ten weeks. A male imago emerged — 


in a warm room on March 12th, the next year. 

It will be observed from the measurements given above that 
the widths of head follow the calculated series well, except the 
ninth stage, which is entirely superfluous, being inserted as a 
geometric mean between the eighth and tenth stages at a much 
higher ratio than any other stage, viz., calculated, .4, .5, .7, .9, 
I.I, 1.3, 1.7, 2.1, 2.6, 3.2, ratio .80, giving but ten stages; found 
.3, -4, .6, .9, I.1, 1.3, 1.6, 2.1, 2.3, 2.6, 3.1. The ratio between 
the 8th, 9th and roth stages as found is .go, which, if kept up, 


would interpolate an extra stage between every one. Does this 
indicate that this species has normally but ten stages, and that the 
gth as observed by me is unusual, being produced by scarcity of ° 


food or some other cause? It is to be noted that I did not find 
its markings to differ at all from those of the roth stage. 

Mr. Hulst, in the brief, but only published account of this spe- 
cies,* apparently found but six larval stages, but in the absence 
of any measurements it is useless to speculate on this. While I 
do not deny that the number of stages of this as well as other 
species, may be subject to variation under varying conditions of 
climate or food, or even under normal conditions, I hold that it 
is very far from having been proved. This will require accurate 
observation, in my opinion best accompanied by measurements, 
so that it can be seen where the variation, if any, occurred, as 
well as to serve as a check on the accuracy of the work.t 

Food-plants.—The larve are probably omnivorous. Though 
found on ash, they seemed to prefer various herbaceous plants 
as they became older. Larve from Dutchess County, New York. 


* Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. viii, 120. + See further Psyche, v, 420. 


ad 


1891. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 117 


Callidryas eubule in Missouri. 
By R. R. Row.ey, Curryville, Mo. 


My acquaintance with Callidryas eubule began in the Summer 
of 1881. Aboutthe middle of August numbers of this splendid 
insect flitted about the streets of Louisiana, Mo., and I succeeded 
in taking a fine female on garden flowers. As I had never met 
the species before, and as all the specimens observed seemed to 
be moving in the same direction, as well as because of the sudden 
appearance and disappearance of so great a number of strange 
insects, the impression was left in.my mind that they were in- 

- habitants of another clime and were migrating. 

A close watch through the Summers of 1882, 1883 and 1884, 
failed to discover a single specimen, and I had about abandoned 
all hope of adding to my meagre knowledge of this golden winged 
fairy, when returning from a day’s tramp in the woods and fields, 
about the middle of the afternoon on the 17th of October, 1885, 
a fine male ezdule sailed quickly across my path and settled for a 
moment on a tall Autumn flower just over the fence, almost be- 
yond my reach. I collected myself quickly from the astonish- 
ment into which its sudden appearance had thrown me, and with 
the full length of my long net-pole, carefully and tenderly swept 
in the treasure. It was a bright, new specimen, and had doubt- 
less flitted out into the sunshine for the first time that pleasant 
October day, as nota scale had been disturbed on its pretty wings. 
I had added a new and interesting chapter to the few facts gath- 
ered four years before, and had completely reversed my first im- 
‘pressions, being now satisfied that exdu/e dwelt here among us. 

Through several succeeding Summers I made frequent trips to 
a bunch of Cassa marilandica, four miles away, but without find- 
ing an egg or a larva (I had found this clump of Cassza in chasing 
Terias nicippe), having learned from some entomological source 
that the larva of edule feeds on Senna. Though I saw occasional 
imagos high on the wing, I learned nothing concerning its pre- 
paratory stages till the mid-summer of 1888. In that year Zerias 
“isa was very abundant, and I had observed the females of that 
species depositing eggs on Cassia chamecrista, a very abundant 
plant along the railroad and in adjoining fields near Curryville. 
In searching for the larve of this latter species, on the 4th of 


6" 


118 ENT@MOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, 


August, I found seven fine exdz/e caterpillars. Later in the same 
month I obtained two more and captured a number of imagos. 
Eubule is a very difficult butterfly to take, usually soaring be- 


yond the reach of the net. I have taken it at mud and on red 
clover and ‘‘milk-weed’’ blossoms. It is wary and difficult to 


approach, settling on a flower but for a moment. 

The grown larva is from 134 to 2 inches in length, and varies 
in color from a light green to a- yellowish green, the entire body 
being covered with raised black points. There is a bright yellow 
longitudinal line or band below the spiracles, and on each segment 
there is a cross line or band of dark blue, preceded by a broken 


line of the same color extending downward to the longitudinal 


band. The light green larva wants these cross lines of blue, 
black segmental dashes, encircled by blue, either side of the yel- 
low band taking their places. The underside of the body is light 
green. Head yellow, with a yellowish green face. Top of head 
set with raised black points. Feet yellow. None of the larve, 
before the fourth moult, show the cross blue bands. The young 
larva is light yellowish green with the yellow band and raised 
black points. 

The pupa is 1% inches long, a beautiful light green with a mid- 
dorsal dark line and a light lateral line to each side. Wing cases 
very much humped, giving great breadth to the body. A long 
thorn like spine projects forward from the front of the head. 
Length of pupal period ten days. From the suspension of the 
larva to pupation is from twenty-six to twenty-eight hours, 

Eubule seems to be a very delicate insect and difficult to rear 
in confinement. Out of nine larvee handled, but two reached 
the imago, and these were about ready to suspend when found. 
The remaining seven died after suspending, either just before or 
just after pupation, the fine green of the new pupa soon becoming 
a dark putrid mass. Besides edule, I have found feeding on 
Cassia chamecrista the following species: Zerias isa and Hy- 
perchiria to. 


ra’ 
Vv 


No number of the News will be published for July or August. These 
two months will be devoted to collecting by the subscribers and editorial 
committee. 


This number of the News contains 28 pages. 


— or 


1891. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 11g 


Notes and News. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS 
OF THE GLOBE. 
(The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News solicit, and will thankfully receive items 


_ of news, likely to interest its readers, from any source. The author’s name will be given 


in each case for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] 


In the future all papers received for publication in the News will be 


5 printed according to date of reception. 


To our PatTrons.—We want to increase the number of pages of EN- 
TOMOLOGICAL News and thereby augment its usefulness. To do this we 


must obtain a larger number of subscribers and thereby increase the in- 


come. There are doubtless many persons in this country who are inter- 
ested in the study of Entomology, who have not yet heard of the existence 
of such a journal as ENTOMOLOGICAL News, and who would probably 
become subscribers if their attention were called to it. The question is, 
how to reach these persons? It has been suggested that each subscriber 
make a list of the names and addresses of all whom he or she know are 
interested in the study and send it to the Editor, that a sample copy may 
be sent to all who are not already on the subscription-list, as an invitation 
tosubscribe. This is a good suggestion, and we therefore ask our sub- 
scribers to assist us in this way. As another method of increasing the list, 
we have concluded to offer premiums for new subscribers, and call atten- 
tion to this in a notice to be found on the second page of the cover of this 
number of the News. : 


THE IDEAL entomological journal is one that covers the whole field, 
and each number should contain matter that will please all its readers. 
The dry scientific article should have a place along with that of a more 
popular and lighter vein. A journal, any number of which is made up 
largely of a dry synopsis of a single family in an order, is of value to only 
a very few readers, and the large remainder are disappointed and obliged 
to wait another month in hopes of finding something more tempting. 
The subscribers are made up of the professional entomologist, the sys- 
tematist, the lover of nature in general, the amateur entomologist, those 
interested in Entomology in general, those interested in a single order, 
the student and the beginner, and the scope of a journal should be such 
and the paging sufficient in each number to supply readable matter for all. 
The lepidopterist, the hymenopterist, or the neuropterist, cares little for 
an article on some obscure family of beetles, and the coleopterist is equally, 
dissatisfied with the same program in the other orders; therefore, the ideal 
journal is one that covers the subject from A to Z; or, to give an illustra- 
tion, the intergrades may be filled in between to such articles as these, 
‘Notes on the Genitalia of Gynandromorphous Macro-lepidoptera’’ and 

“There was an old man in a tree 
Who was horribly bored by a bee. 
‘When asked ‘ Does it buzz?’ 
He replied, ‘ Yes, it does, 
It’s a regular brute of a bee.’ ”’ ED. 


120 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, 


Heterius brunnipennis.—A recent addition to the collections at the 
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia is a hill of the mound- 
building ant, Formica exsectoides, from the vicinity of Altoona, Pa., 
containing a living colony of ants, measuring about three feet in diameter 
at the base and about two feet high. It is remarkable, considering the 
size, that over two hundred examples of Hetgrius brunnipennis have been 
captured upon the exterior of the hill, seemingly creating a doubt as to — 
whether it is really a colony of ants, or one of Heterius. The first speci- 
mens were observed by Mr. W. J. Fox, on March 30, 1891, and since then 
the writer has taken small lots at intervals of three or four days, covering 
a period of six weeks, the specimens gradually getting less abundant. 
The lower half of one side of the mound, which is almost perpendicular, 
is completely honey-combed by exposed galleries, and out of these occa- 
sionally one or two Heterius would suddenly make their appearance and 
roll to the bottom of the hill. Apparently the ants had carried these to 
the open ends of the galleries and unceremoniously tumbled them out. 
A great many times ants were observed emerging from the galleries with 
Heterius in their jaws, which they would carry a short distance from the 
mound and drop, the ants returning without giving them any further at- 
tention. Nearly all the Hetgrius that were seen in motion, were intent 
upon re-entering the hill, but were usually bottled before they could do 
so. Sometimes the Heferius, when touched with a wisp of straw, would 
double up their members and drop, feigning death after the manner of 
other members of the family. At other times when touched they would 
display considerable activity, although awkward and unwieldy in appear- 
ance could run along quite rapidly. An examination of small heaps of 
dead ants in the extreme corners of the table upon ‘which the mound has 
been placed, failed to discover the presence of any Heterius. But one 
other coleopter was taken, a species of Pselaphidz. A small dipter was 
- noticed in numbers running about, continually in motion, but rarely taking 
wing. What the exact contents of the mound may be will remain in 
doubt, as all observations were necessarily made from the exterior, it 
being the intention to preserve the hill in its entirety. —-CHAs. LIEBECK. 


Excursion !—The entomologists of New York, Brooklyn, Newark, 
Philadelphia and localities near these cities are invited to attend the second 
annual field meeting to be held under the auspices of the entomological 
societies of these cities at Jamesburgh, N. J., on July 4th next. James- 
burgh is on the Amboy division of the Pennsylvania Railroad, and may 
be reached from New York, via. Monmouth Junction, 7.20 A.M.; Newark, 
7.50 A.M.; Philadelphia, Broad Street, 6.50 A.M.; Camden, 7.00 A.M. Later 
grains leave New York via. Rahway and Philadelphia on the Long Branch _ 
division, but it is urged that the early train be used, as this will bring the 
party into Jamesburgh at the same time. All those desiring or expecting 
to attend will please notify one of the members of the committee, from 
whom also all further information can be obtained. The notification is 
important, in order that proper arrangements may be made at Jamesburgh. — 


1891. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL . NEWS. 121 


Committee: C. P. Machesney, 65 Broadway, N. Y.; Dr. Henry Skinner, 


- Amer. Ent. Soc., Logan Square, Philadelphia; Prof. J. B. Smith, New 


Brunswick, N. J. ; H. W. Wenzel, 1115 Moore Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 


Or Amphion nessus, Dr. Holland is recorded as saying (in Smith’s 
“Sphingide of America North of Mexico,’’ page 126) that ‘‘if flying in 
the middle of the day he ‘has noticed that it always keeps in the shadow, 
or slyly hovers about among the thick masses of the Syringa blossoms 
in the deep umbrageous recesses, where it is not easily reached by the 
net of the collector.’’’ This is at variance with my observation. June 1, 
1890, I collected some 18-19 imagines (imagos) in the hot sunshine, be- 
tween 1 and 3 p.M., all feeding on the flowers of Blue Flag (/ris versicolor). 
My attention was called to the spot in a swampy meadow in one of our 
suburban districts of Westchester County by a few fine Papilio turnus 
hovering over the blue masses of /ris. The A. nessus had no opportunity 
to hide in trying to obtain nectar from the open flowers of Blue Flag, and 
was easily taken while exploring the tubular Coro//a for dainties. Out of 
some twenty specimens I saw on two successive Sundays feeding on /ris 
versicolor, l only missed one. Neither did they exhibit any greater shy- 
ness than does Hemaris thysbe visiting the thistle flowers. Of course the 
large flowers of Blue Flag do not compare favorably with the thyrses of 
Lilac blossoms, many hundreds of which are closely crowded together, 
and a hawk moth in visiting its flowers, of necessity must frequently ap- 
pear to be in the shadow of the larger flower truss of Syringa vulgaris, or 
S. persica. In July, 1889, I took a single specimen of 4. nessus feeding 
on the flowers of a Deutzia crenata. 1 could not readily take it, because 
it so dodged in and out among the white flowers of the drooping raceme, 
that it was difficult to follow its rapid movements. Go to Blue Flag when 
in flower, and it is not difficult at all to take A. nessus.—R. Kunze, M.D. 


IN some years’ collecting in Essex County, N. J., I have always noted, 
with more or less interest, the small colonies of one of our common 
“lady birds,” Megilla maculata, which hibernate under leaves, stones, 
etc., through the Winter. These colonies have always ranged from 100 
to 200 individuals with occasionally one of some 500. On March 6th I 
found one of unusual size, and being curious as to the number it contained, 
I collected the entire colony with the help of my brother. It numbered 
1412. They were on the south side of a chestnut tree under a small 
cluster of old chestnut burs. I thought this large number collecting, 
whether for social or sexual purposes (and I am inclined to think the latter 
has a good deal to do with it), might be interesting to some of the readers 
of ENTOMOLOGICAL News who are coleopterists. RALPH HoppINc. 


A worD about Argynnis idalia, which are with difficulty taken evem 
when feeding on their favorite swamp milkweed (Aslepias incarnata).. 
Not far from New Rochelle, Westchester County, N. Y., in a wet swamp,,. 
I obtain some specimens every season. In July, 1890, when this milkweed’ 
was in full flower, I went there as usual with my largest net, fifteen inches: 
in diameter, with which I can capture twice the number than with am 


122 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, 


eleven inch affair. After securing a specimen or two it turned to a driz- 
zling rain. Nothing daunted, my feet being wet already, I tramped hither 
and thither through the long, wet grass and tall weeds, every now and 
then starting up an Arg. ida/ia much in the same manner that a hunter 
flushes woodcock in a swamp. The A. idalia were thoroughly wetted 
like myself and never flew faraway, so that I could easily mark the spot, 
walk up stealthily and readily take my prize.—RICcHARD E. Kunze, M.D. 


Mr. Epiror.—You refer in the May number of your esteemed paper to 
a noctua caught by Mr. J. T. Mason, of Houston, Texas. I identified 
this insect last Summer as belonging to the genus Euglyphia. Its correct 
name is Euglyphia fastuosa Guén, (Guén. No. 186. Herr.-Sch. Cuba, 
1868, p. 9), and it is fully described in Dr. J. Gundlach’s “Contribucion a 
la Entom.|{Cubana,”* p. 304. This insect is likewise found in the West 
Indies and South America. In Cuba its larva feeds on malva-té (Cechorus 
silignosus). It transforms above ground, making a sort of nest from little 
bits of grasses. Prof. J. B. Smith, in his new check list, will assign it to 
the genus Noropsis Guén., “of which,” as he says, ‘‘it is the type, Zv- 
glyphia being restricted to other species by him (Guén.).”—NEUMOEGEN. 

The synonymy of the moth is hieroglyphica Cramer, = elegans Hiib., 
= fastuosa Guénee.—Ep. 


THE Last of August, 1890, I took in southern Michigan a good female 
of Apatura clyton. I do not know that it has been reported before from 
Michigan. The fact that it is the only one I have ever taken, and that I 
took it on ground that I have worked over for several years, made it quite 
noticable tome. I had gathered together a lot of ripe pairs, put them 
in a pile, and had crushed them as a bait for Graptas and Limenitis ursuda. 
This Apatura was taken on the crushed pears with those mentioned.— 
I. N. MircHELL, Fond du Lac, Wis. 


A SAvANT’s HorrisBLE DEATH.—Algiers, May 18th. The French 
savant, M. Kunckel Herculais, the president of the ethnological society, 
who was employed on the government mission of investigating the locust 
plague in this province, has met with a horrible death. While examining 
a deposit of locusts’ eggs at the village of Sidieral he was overcome with 
fatigue and the heat, and fell asleep on the ground. While sleeping he 
was attacked by a swarm of locusts. On awakening he struggled des- 
perately to escape from the flood. He set fire to the insect-laden bushes 
near him, but all his efforts proved ineffectual, and, when finally the 
locusts left the spot, his skeleton was found, together with his hair, beard 
and necktie. The rest of him had been entirely devoured. Mr. Herculais 
was a member of the French Academy, and the author of several valuable 
works on insects. 


Psyche confederata G. and R. has been quite abundant for two years 
past on the grounds of the Ohio State University, Columbus. I infer, 
from references made to it by Mr. H. G. Hubbard, in “‘ Insects Affecting — 
the Orange,”’ 1885, that it is not known to be widely distributed or com- 
mon elsewhere.—D. S. KEL.icott, Columbus, Ohio. 


1891. } ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 123 


_ THE LAST SEASON was not a very propitious one for collecting lepidop- 
tera in this country, and most’of my collectors did only fairly well. Mr. 
Bruce succeeded in obtaining some of the rarer Arctians, Cossidz and 
Bombycidz in Colorado. Mr. Bean, of Laggan, raised the beautiful 
Colas elis J\'and 2, Antarctia Beanii Neumg., etc., from the larve, and 
captured a new Chionobas, coming very near subhyalina Curt. My col- 
lector on the upper Indian River, Fla., caught several specimens of the 
handsome sphinx Dilophonota caicus Cr., which will have to be added 
to our fauna. So far the latter insect has only been obtained in Hayti, 
Honduras and some parts of South America.—B. NEUMOEGEN. 

_ Messrs. Fox and Johnson arrived in Philadelphia, Thursday, May 14th, 
after a successful collecting tour in Jamaica. They saw one specimen of 
Papilio homerus, but did not succeed in capturing it. 


Prof. I. N. MITCHELL reports Vanessa californica as having been taken 
at Fond du Lac, Wis. 


Mr. H. F. Wickuam left May oth for a collecting tour in Alaska. He 
expects to be gone until September. ; 


Identification of Insects (Imagos) for Subscribers. 


Specimens will be named under the following conditions: 1st, The number of speci- 
mens to be unlimited for each sending; 2d, The sender to pay all expenses of transporta- 
tion and the insects to become the property of the American Entomological Society; 
3d, Each specimen must have a number attached so that the identification may be an- 
nounced accordingly. Address all packages to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws, Academy Natural 
Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. 


Insects have been named for A. F. Winn, W. C. Wood, F. H. Hillman, 
T. W. Glover and E. B. Southwick. 


Entomological Literature. 


TRANSACTIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, I8gI, 
pt. I, 178 pp. 9 plates.—Notes on the Genitalia of a Gynandromorphous 
Eronia hippia, by Geo. T. Baker. A monograph of British Braconide, 
pt. 4, by Rev. Thomas A. Marshall. African Micro-Lepidoptera, by Right 
Hon. Lord Walsingham. New species of moths from southern India, by 
Col. Chas. Swinhoe. Conspicuous effects on the Markings and Coloring 
of Lepidoptera caused by exposure of the pupa to different temperature 
conditions, by Fred. Merrifield.. On some recent additions to the list of 
South African butterflies, by Roland Trimen. 


THE BUTTERFLIES OF NORTH AMERICA, by W. H. Edwards; third 
series, pt. 11.—This contains the life-histories of Apatura flora, Satyrus 
meadit and Chionobas chryxus, illustrating eggs, larva, chrysalids and 
imagos. Mr. Edwards is to be congratulated in having reared C. chryxus 
successfully, and giving such a beautiful illustration of the life-history of 
a genus which so little had been known of the earlier stages previous to’ 
the publication of his work. 


124 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL Society OF LONDON, 1890, pt. 4. 
—On the Heteromerous Coleoptera collected by Mr. W. Bonny in the’ 
Aruwimi Valley, by G. C. Champion. 


West AMERICAN SCIENTIST, January, 1891.—A new Rhaphiomidas 
from California, R. acton, by D. W. Coquillett. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY OF NEw SouTH WALES, 2d 
series, vol. v, pt. 1st.—Contributions towards a knowledge of the Cole- 
optera of Australia, No. 6. New Lamellicornia and Longicornia, by A. 
Sidney Oliff. A revision of the Australian genus Ogyris, with descrip- 
tion of a new species, by B. W. H. Miskin. Descriptions of hitherto 
undescribed Australian Lepidoptera (Rhopal.), principally Lyczenidz, by 
W. H. Miskin. Diptera of Australia, pt. 8, the Tipulide longipalpi, by 
Fred. A. A. Skuse. Note on Danais petilia Stoll., by H. H. Miskin. 
Notes on Australian Coleoptera, with descriptions of new species, pt. 6, 
by Rev. T. Blackburn. Studies in Australian Entomology. No. 3.—On 
Promecoderus and allied genera (Carabidz), by T. G. Sloane. 


BroLocia CENTRALI-AMERICANA.—Coleoptera, vol. ii, part 1, by D. 
Sharp; vol. iv, pt. 3, by D. Sharp; vol. vi, p. 1; supplement, by M. Jacoby; 
vol. vii, by H. S..Gorham. Hymenoptera, vl. ii, by P. Cameron. Le- 
pidoptera-Rhopalocera, vol. ii, by T. D. Godman and O. Salvin. Lepid- 
optera-Heterocera, by H. Druce. 


DREISSIGSTER BERICHT DES NATURWISSENSCHAFTLICHEN VEREINS 
FUR SCHWABEN UND NEuBuRG (a. V.), 1890.—The macrolepidoptera of 
the vicinity of Kempten and Algaus: A contribution to the Bavarian le- 
pidopterous fauna, by O. von Kolb, 2d edition. 

Lr NaTuRALISTE, April 1, 1891.—Diagnoses of new Lepidoptera* by 
P. Dognin. 

MATERIAUX POUR LA FAUNE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DES FLANDRES COLE- 
OPTERES, 4me Centurie, by A. P. de Borre. 


MoniTorE ZooLocico ITALIANO (Florence), II, No. 3.—On pseudo- 
parasitism of the larva of the Mosquito ( Culex pipiens), by R. Blanchard. 


BIOLOGISCHES CENTRALBLATT, March 15, 1891.—The glands of the 
first abdominal segment of the insect embryo, by J. Carriere. 


NoTES FROM THE LEYDEN MusEvuM, xii, No. 4, October, 1890.—De- 
scription of two new species of the genus Poferiophorus Sch., of the 
family Curculionidz,* by W. Roelofs. Description of a new species of 
Elateridz,* by E. Candéze. Three new Malayan Longicorn Coleoptera,* 
by C. Ritsema Cz. 

JOURNAL DE L’ ANATOMIE ET DE LA PHYSIOLOGIE NORMALES ET PATH- 
OLOGIQUES DE L’ HOMME ET DES ANIMAUX, xxvii, No. 1, Paris, 1891.— 
Abstract genealogy of Arthropoda, by Dr. L. A. Segond. 


BIOLOGISCHES CENTRALBLATT, April 1, 1891.—On the biology ot — 
by C. Emery. 


* Contains new species other than North American. 


[1891. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 125 


CompTE RENDU. SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE BELGIQUE, March 7, 
1891.—Description of new Hesperidz,* by P. Mabille; Odina, Nyctus n. 
gen.; Carystus abalus n. sp. Merida, Colombia. Descriptions of Coleop- 
tera of the mountains of Kashmir (continued), by L. Fairmaire; Hedco- 
phorus Saloninys n. gen. Description of a new species of the genus Lath- 
ridius Herbst., M.-J. Belon. On some Histeride collected in Bengal,* 

_by G. Lewis. Dascillidee and Malacoderma of western Bengal,* by M. J. 
Bourgeois. Note on the Hemiptera of Bengal,* by L. Lethierry. Ento- 
mological miscellanies* : I. Phytophaga of the Isle of Java; I]. New, or 
little-known Phytophaga,* by A. Duvivier; Si#éimia n. gen. New Bu- 
prestidz and synonymic remarks,* by C. Kerremans. 

ZOOLOGISCHER ANZEIGER, April 6, 1891.—On the development at the 
central nerve system in Blatta germanica, by N. Cholodkovsky. On the 
development of the wing nerves of butterflies, by Dr. E. Haase. 


ATTI DEL REALE ISTITUTO VENETO DI SCIENZE, LETTERE ED ARTI, 
xxxviii, Venize, 1889-90.—Revision of the Italian Acarofauna: family 
Ixodini, by G. Canestrini; 3 plates; Hevpetobia n. gen. 

-ENTOMOLOGISCHE NACHRICHTEN, xvii, No. 7, April, 1891.—On the 
Orthopterous family of the Prochilidz,* by Dr. F. Karsch; 4 figs., Simo- 
dera, Mastighapha, Polycieptis n.-gen. On the fauna of Mecklenburg 
(Coleoptera, Lepidoptera), by H. Brauns. Miscellanea coleopterologica,* 
by C. Schaufuss. 3 


It NATURALISTA SICILIANO, x, No. 4 (Palermo), 1891.—Note on the 
genus Reicheia Saulcy, and on a species of Dichropterus Ehlers,* by F. 
Baudi. Luminous insects, by L. Failla-Tedaldi. 


Le NATUuURALISTE (Paris), April 15, 1891.—Colias Wiskotti Staudinger, 
and its different varieties, by M. Austaut. Description of new Micro- 
Lepidoptera,* by P. Chretien. 

TERMESZETRAJZI FUSETEK (Budapest), xiii, Nos. 2 and 3, December; 
1890.—First addition to the Monographia Chrysididarum Orbis Terrarum 
universi,* by A. Mocsary; Adelphine n. subfam., Ade/phe n. gen., A. 
mexicana n. sp., Orizaba. 


BULLETINO DELLA SOCIETA ENTOMOLOGICA ITALIANA, xxii, Nos. 3 and 
4, 1891.—New species of Cu/ex from Zanzibar, by Dr. E. Ficalbi. New 
apparatus for the study of Entomology, by C. Emery. A zoological ex- 
cursion to the Friulian Lakes, and The marriages of butterflies, by Dr. A. 
Senna. Diagnoses of new Arthropoda of Sardinia,* by A. Costa. Studies 
on Messinese Entomology : the Cleonidz, by F. Vitale. On the odorant 
organs of the Lepidoptera of the Indo-Australian region after the studies 
of Dr. Erich Haase, by F. Plateau. Materials for a catalogue of the 
Italian Tenthredinide, by A. Berlese. Genesis of the silk worm, by N. 
G. Mukerji. On the pretended parasitism of the larva of Culex pipiens, 
by E. Ficalbi. Italian Entomological Literature; Entomological Bibliog- 
raphy, etc. 


* Contains new species other than North American. 


126 ENTOMOOLGICAL NEWS. [ June, 


SITZUNGSBERICHTE, D. KAIS. AKADEMIE DER WISSENCHAFTEN (Wien) — 
MATHEMATISCH-NATURWISSENSCHAFTLICHE CLASSE, xcviii, heft 4-7, 89, 
xcix, heft 1-3, 1890.—Monograph of the digging wasps allied to Nysson 
and Bembex,* by A. Handlirsch, parts iv and v, 3 plates; Bembidula 
diodonta, Orizaba, B. insidiatrix, Ky., Tex., B. capnoptera, id. and Ga., B-. 
Sodiens, Ga., Tex., Stenolia scolopacea, Néev., Cal., S. tibialis, id., Mone- 
dula vivida, Mex., M. dives, id., M. serrata, Ga., M. inermis, Ga., WM. 
mammillata, Ga., ae Da.; A. nitiaaleta: Tex., @/. Put Cal., new North 
American species. 


DENKSCHRIFTEN of the preceding, lvi, 1889.—Compalallive studies on 
the embryology of insects, and especially Muscidz, by V. Graber, plates 
and figures. 


ENTOMOLOGISCHE NACHRICHTEN, xvii, No. 8.—April, 1891. —A new 
contribution to the knowledge of the idivenctis Coleoptera of Bucovina, 
by C. v. Hormuzaki. On the fauna of Mecklenburg (Hymenoptera), by 
H. Brauns. Physiological notes (Coleoptera, Hymenoptera), by C. Ver- 
hoeff. 


SPECIES DES HYMENOPTERES D’EUROPE ET D’ALGERIE, fondé par Ed- 
mond André et continue sous la direction scientifique de Ernest André, 
38e fascicule, Gray, April 1, 1891. —Braconide (continued), by Rev. T. A. 
Marshall. 


ComTE RENDU. SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE BELGIQUE, April 5, ‘1891. 
—Descriptions of new Hesperidz (third part),* by P. Mabille; Pamphila 
subsordida, Honduras; P. puxillius, Mexico; P. asema, Honduras; P. 
parilis, id. P. binaria, Merida; P. portensis, Porto Rico; n. sp. from North 
America. Coleoptera from the interior of China* (seventh part), by L. 
Fairmaire; Hypochrus, Hecatomnus, Cyrebion, Ariarathus, Lagriogonia, 
n. gen. Provisional list of the Coleoptera Heteromera of Belgium, by 
L. Coucke. 


Le NaTuRALISTE (Paris), May 1, 1891.—Insects injurious to the mari- 
time pines imported into the bay of the Somme, by M. Decaux. Diag- 
noses of some Heterocera from Venezuela, by P. Dognin. 


L’AUXILIARE DE L’APICULTEUR (Amiens), April, 1891.—Raising bees 
under the influence of violet light, by A. Teynac. General notions on — 
the nature and physiology of the Bee, by G. Ulivi. 


Doings of Societies. ° 


A REGULAR MEETING OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION OF THE 
ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES was held Wednesday, April 23d, Dr. 
Horn, Director, presiding. Members present: Martindale, Skinner. As- 
sociates: Westcott, Nell, Calvert and Dr. Castle. Letters were read from 


* Contains new species other than North American. 


1891. | ' ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 127 


Dr. Henri de Sassure and the Imperial Academy Leopoldino-Caroline. 
Mr. Martindale reported the capture of butterflies and moths. A letter 
was read from Mr. W. J. Fox, dated Kingston, Jamaica, April 15th, in 
which he said he and his companion, Mr. C. W. Johnson, were having 
_ fair success in collecting insects on the island. They expected to go to 
Port Antonio and remain there until May 7th, when they would leave for 
home. — HENRy SKINNER, 
Recorder. 


THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON.—December 4, 18go. 
‘The corresponding secretary read. a paper by Mr. P. R. Uhler entitled, 
“Observations on some remarkable forms of Capsidz,’’ in which were 
described two new genera, Heidemannia and Peritropius, represented by 
one species each, viz., H. cixiiformis and P. saldeformis. The paper 
also contained a note on the recent discovery by Mr. Heidemann, in the 
District, of one of Say’s long-lost species, Cy/aphus tenuicornis. 

Mr. Howard read a paper on the ‘‘ Parasites of the Hemerobiine,”’ in 
‘which, after dwelling on the numerous protective characters of this sub- 
- family of neuropterous insects, he spoke of the known hymenopterous 
parasites, and added the encyrtid genus /sodromus as the only known 
primary parasite in the country with the single exception of the egg para- 
site mentioned by him on page to, Vol. I, of the society’s proceedings. 
Several secondary parasites were mentioned, and a list of the European 
parasites and hyper-parasites was given. 

Mr. Marlatt presented a note in which he proposed the specific name 
unicolor for a species of MWonoctenus, the larva of which feeds on the Red 
Cedar. This Saw-fly had been described by him as MZ. juniperi (see 
Trans. Kans. Acad. of Sciences, Vol. X, p. 82), which name was preoc- 
cupied by an European species of the genus. ; 

Mr. Banks read a paper on 7ha/mia parietalis Hentz, a spider which 
he had taken in Texas, and which-had been lost since Hentz’s time. In 
studying this species in connection with the Pholcidz, Scytodide, Fili- 
statidz, Urocteridz, Euyoide and Hersilide, he reached the conclusion 
that these spiders are closely related, and ought to be included in one 
group of family importance for which he proposes Duges’ name Microg- 
nathes changed to Micrognathidz. ; 

Mr. Townsend read some notes on Tachinidz ses. Zaz., synonymical 
and critical, with particular reference to the confusion of the sexes by 
early describers. A good number of species were noticed and several 
new ones were described. 

Prof. Riley read and commented on letters from Mr. Wm. H. Ashmead, 
now studying in Berlin, and Mr. S. S. Rathvon, of Lancaster, Pa. He 
then read a note on an exotic roach (Ponchlora viridis ?) which he had 
recently received from Dr. C. F. Gissler, of Brooklyn, N. Y. The re- 
markable feature was that the roach was certainly viviparous, a habit 
believed not to have been hitherto recorded of any species of the family 
Blattidz. Figures of the parent roach, and of its young greatly enlarged, 


128 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, ° [ June, 


’ were shown. Prof. Riley gave an account also of his additional study of 
Platypsyllus, in which he mentioned the discovery of a large number of 
insects, mites and centipedes, which are associated with the beaver either 
accidentally or as parasites or guests. He also mentioned the undeter- 
mined larva described by Mrs. Julia P. Ballard in the October number of 
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws, p. 124, and said that he had no difficulty in rec- 
ognizing the larva as that of Citheronia regalis* G. and R. He then called 
attention to an interesting paper read by Prof. Forbes at the recent meet- 
ing of the Association of Economic Entomologists, relating to the periods 
of transformation, and to the specific characters of Lachnosterna larva. 
These matters were discussed at considerable length by Prof. Riley, and 
two new parasites of Lachnosterna were added to those hitherto known. 
Mr. Schwarz presented a note ‘‘On the feeding habits of Empidz,”’ in 
which he described the habits in this regard of a species of Syweches sim- 
plex ? which was very abundant in the mountains at Ft. Pendleton, Md., 
during the first part of July. Their vertical position in flight and peculiar 
method of holding their prey and of hanging by one fore-leg while de- 
vouring it, were described. He also discussed the recent publication by 
Ed. Fleutian and Sallé on the Coleoptera from the island of Guadalupe, — 
West Indies (Ann. Soc. Ent. de France, 1889, 1890). The relation of the 
species enumerated to the fauna of the United States was particularly 
dwelt upon. C. L. MARLATT, 
Recording Secretary. 


OBITUARY 


Prof. JosEpH Lerpy, M.D., died April 30, 1891, aged 68 years. Dr. 
Leidy always took a warm interest in Entomology, although his writings 
on the subject were principally connected with the anatomy of insects. 
Among his very first contributions to’science was an article on the Mech- 
anism which Closes the Membranous Wings of the genus Locusta (Proc. 
Acad. Nat. Sci. 1846). Then came the important contributions, ‘‘ History 
and Anatomy of the Hemipterous genus Belostoma (1847),’’ and the 
“Internal Anatomy of Corydalis cornutus in its three stages of exist- 
ence (1848).’’ He collected micro-lepidoptera in his earlier years, and 
there are many specimens in the collection of the Entomological Section 
of the Academy of Natural Sciences, which he presented. Dr. Leidy ~ 
was elected a member of the American Entomological Society, Feb. 8, 
1864. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws for May was mailed April 27, 1891. 


C. sepulcralis ? —Eb. 


Ent. News, Vol. II. beg PG 


HENRY EDWARDS. 


a mie 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE FITOMOLOCICAL SECTION, 


ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. 


VOL. II. SEPTEMBER, 18or. No. 7. 


SONTENTS: 


Henry Edwards. ........10:csireceeceseeerer enone 129 | Skinner—Elementary Entomology. ....- 137 
“Wickham—Through the Pinal Mts...... 130 | Notes.and NewS....-rvs-socesecce sevscerevessee 138 
Rowley—Notes on Colias czesonia....- .. 133 Entomological Titeeahioel Oe Sareitns ane Pena I4L 
Hamilton—Lachnosterna......----.---+---.-- 135 Doings of SOCi€ti€S....-.++--sseserseres iionks 146 


HENRY EDWARDS. 


HENRY Epwarps, the well-known entomologist and actor, 


died in New York, June 9, 1891. He had been ill for a couple 
‘of months previous, and the immediate cause of death was heart 


failure, due to dropsy. Mr. Edwards was an Englishman by 


birth, and first saw the light in Herefordshire, England, in 1830. 


He studied law in early life, but a fondness for commercial enter- 


prise led him into a London counting-house, where Walter Mont- 


gomery and John L. Toole were fellow clerks. Amateur acting 
engrafted professional endeavor, and in connection with Mont- 
gomery, Mr. Edwards made his first appearance as ‘‘ Rudolf,”’ 


‘in Byron’s Wonder. In 1853 he bade farewell to the desk and 


sailed for Melbourne. Under Mr. Doubleday’s auspices he had 
already commenced the pursuit of insect hunting, and had formed 
the nucleus of a collection destined to grow in a manner of which 


he had never dreamed. Mr. Edwards was well known as an 


actor, having been with different companies in Australia, Peru, 
Panama, California, Boston, etc. In 1879 he was engaged by. 
the late Lester Wallack as a member of his stock company, and 


7 


130 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [September, 


became stage manager of the theatre. After the disbandment 
of the Wallack company he again went to Australia as a manager 
for A. M. Palmer’s Little Lord Fauntleroy organization, re- 
turning last year to join Augustin Daly’s company. His last 
appearance was in New York in the part of ‘‘ Sir Oliver” in The 
School for Scandal. 

As an entomologist, Mr. Edwards will best be remembered by 
his work on the Lepidoptera of California and the Pacific coast, 
‘“Studies on North American Aegeridz,’’ and his last important 


contribution, ‘* Bibliographical Catalogue of the described Trans- — 


” 


formations of North American Lepidoptera.’’ He was a member 
of many scientific societies, and had many friends and correspon- 
dents. Three volumes of ‘‘ Papilio’? were edited by him, after 
which it passed into the hands of Mr. E. M. Aaron. We present 
a fine portrait of Mr. Edwards, knowing that he had many cor- 
respondents that admired and loved him, yet never had the pleas- 
ure of seeing his face. 


e) 
Vv 


THROUGH THE PINAL MOUNTAINS. 
By H. F. Wickuam, Iowa City, Ia. 


A week spent in collecting beetles in the Pinal range of moun- 
tains proved so enjoyable that the writer feels tempted to write a 
short account of one of his trips, in order to try to impart to the 


readers of Ent. NEWS some small part of the pleasure to be ~ 
gained in the retrospect. In truth, the life of the professional 


collector in an unsettled or sparsely inhabited country, does not 
partake to any great extent of the nature of a picnic, as some 
would have it—hard work, and plenty of it, is his portion when 
in the field. 

The range mentioned may be Gand on any good map of 
Arizona, and lies north of Tucson, that part of it which we col- 
lected over being included between the Gila and Salt Rivers. To 
be more exact, our route lay over an old trail from the Gila River, 
up the cafion of Mineral Creek for some distance, thence across 
the foot-hills and over the summit of the range, descending on 
the other side to the mining town of Globe. This course, taking 
us through several quite distinctly marked belts of vegetation at 
various altitudes, proved quite productive of insects. 


. 


oS 


¥ = 4 
1891. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 131 


The start was made on horseback, and for a little while most 
of the attention had to be directed towards the burros, to whose 
backs the pack had long been a stranger. But with increased 
sobriety in the burros came increased opportunity for collecting, 
and we soon had some very pretty things in the cyanide bottle— 
the first captures being a set of one of our prettiest Chrysomelids, 
Urodera crucifera Lec. They were taken on the wing, having 
evidently been disturbed by the irresponsible pack animals brush- 
ing against the shrubs by the sides of the narrow trail. A few 
examples of Megalostomis subfasciata Lec. were added to our 
collections in the same way. 

Stopping for a mid-day lunch at an abandoned stamp-mill, 
where a well yielded water enough for the animals, we made a 
hasty examination of the vicinity with the following results : 
Amara californica and a Blapstinus, in great numbers under 
leaves of Cottonwood, which had drifted into little hollows, a few 
Monocrepidius and an LEsthesopus or two under boards; one or 
two examples of Mycocoryna lineolata Stal. on weeds with Exema 
conspersa, and an occasional Euryscopa or Pachybrachys. Not 
very encouraging yet, but then there were the foot-hills just in 
front of us, rising one behind the other, each a little higher than 
the one before it, and covered, ‘as far as we could see, with bear 
grass and mescal, the latter with its great clusters of yellow, - 
strong-scented flowers lifted high above our heads. On these we 
hope to find many an interesting ‘insect, and we are not disap- 
pointed. First we see one of those curious weevils, Zygops 
Seminiveus resting near the end of a mescal leaf, but he loses hold 
and rolls down the inclined surface until stopped near the axil by 
the base of the leaf above. As the leaves are very large, stiff, 
and armed along the edges with stout, curved spines or thorns, 
it is a delicate piece of work to extricate an insect without lacer- 
ating the hand badly, and possibly my method may prove useful 
‘to others who have no cutting tool with them but a jack-knife. 
Cut off the terminal spine first, then run the knife along the full 
length of the leaf, far enough from the margin to take all the 
other spines off clean. Now, treat all the other leaves in the 
same way and the insects are at your mercy. The Zygops may 
be chased from one leaf to another, for they are rather nimble, 
until in a spot where they can be grasped with the fingers or 
forceps. Many other beetles are found near the base of the stalk, 


a 
132 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS: [September, 


either hiding in the axils of the leaves or burrowing in the stalk 
itself. Among them are the following: Philophuga amoena, Car- 
pophilus floralis, Clerus spinole, Tragidion sp., Mecysmus an- 
gustus, Hymenorus confertus, Hyporhagus gilensis and Scypho- 
phorus acupunctatus, the last named boring in and around the 
bases of the flower-stalk and leaves. At about this altitude we 
find Aszda parallela under dead, uprooted plants. The bear-grass 
furnishes a few examples of J/egalostomis, and an occasional 
Urodera. 

Entering the belt of oak scrub higher up the fauna changes, 
and the most striking species are small insects living on the leaves, 
or predaceous; some of them are Ledia viridis, Scymnus mar- 
ginicollis, S. pallens, Anthaxia flavimana, Pseudebeus bicolor, 
Attalus difficilis, Chlamys polycocca, Pachybrachys abdominalis, 
Cryptocephalis n. sp., Babia tetraspilota, Diachus auratus, Xan- 
thonia villosula, Hemiphrynus intermedius, Notoxus bifasciatus, 
two or three species of Apion, and Smicronyx seriatus. These 
are not all confined exclusively to oak, and some of them prob- 
ably do not live on it at all, but they may be taken by beating the 
shrubs, which are in great part some species of oak. Ona Le- 
guminous plant (probably a locust) many specimens of a queer 
ittle Rhynchophore, Zachygonus centralis, were captured. The 
hind legs are strong and saltatorial, though the insect is not as 
accomplished a jumper as most of our Halticini. At dusk a 


Listrochelus or two, and a single Polyphylla, came flying past and 


were added to the spoils. 

After reaching the pine belt proper, there is still rineidiae change 
in the fauna. Here, under logs and slabs, are to be found Pter- 
ostichus lustrans, Calathus dubius, Platynus brunneomarginatus, 
Chrysomela auripennis, Eleodes carbonaria, extricata, gentilts, 
Embaphion contusum, Celocnemis punctata, Asida macra and 
others, while along the little shaded streams ARhyncheros sanguini- 
pennis may be seen flying. In and around the piles of slabs left 
by the lumbermen are numerous lignivorous beetles—Lucanus 
mazama, Ergates spiculatus, Carebara longula, Cossonus crenatus, 
Pityophthorus nitidulus, Tomicus confusus and Hylastes gracilis. 
From the small pines and other evergreens a few Chrysobothris 
cuprascens and a Magdalis were taken by beating. 

Sifting dead leaves in damp places yielded a lot of 7richopteryx 
hornii and Quedius desertus. n the little pools were plenty of 


) 
prtee 
I it 


1891. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 133 


flydroporus vilis and Agabus lugens, with occasionally an exam- 
ple of some rarer forms, and on the banks a number of Bem- 
bidium mexicanum, a not particularly agile species in that climate. 

_ The spot was left with considerable regret, though a scarcity 
of provisions in the commissary department made this more nec- 
essary,—and if the specimens were not so numerous as might be, 
they were of sufficient interest to more than compensate for any 
failings in point of numbers. 


va. 


Notes on Colias ce@sonia. 
By Prof. R. R. Row Ley, Curryville, Mo. 


Although c@sonia is the rarest species of Co/ias in Missouri, 
yet it is fairly common some years, especially in localities where 
its food-plant is abundant. Toward the latter part of May I have 
taken numbers of it at red clover blossom in July, and August at 
thistle and milk-weed blooms, and late in Autumn on the flowers 
of red and white clover. It is as easily taken as Philodice or - 
Lurytheme, with both of which it associates at flowers, but unlike 
the males of them, it never frequents damp places, ‘so far as my 
observations go. 

The flight of this butterfly is not noticeably different from that 
of our other two species of Co/ias, yet the experienced collector 
is able to detect it on the wing among numbers of other Coliads, 
even at a considerable distance; the very broad and intensely 
black border, outlining the peculiar ‘‘dog’s head’’ on the top of 
the primaries, together with the pointed apex of the same wings, 
doubtless aiding most in the identification. At rest, the roseate 
underwinged females of October may be known a hundred yards 
away in a clover-field. The females of the early and midsummer 
broods differ from those of late Summer and Autumn in the very 
pale yellow, almost white, color of the underside of all the wings. 
In August this pale yellow deepens, and in early September red- 
dish streaks appear along the veins of the hind wings beneath, 
while in October the entire under surface of the secondaries and 
the tip of the primaries are heavily streaked or solidly red. The 
broad outer border of black in some females contains a few, more 
or less distinct, yellow spots, as we see in the female Eurytheme 
or Philodice, but a majority of the individuals entirely want these 
spots, although the border is much less intense than in the males. 


134 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [September, 


The color of the underside of the wings of the male is much. 
deeper in Autumn than in early Summer, being a light orange, 
and on the upperside of the primaries the fresh males of October 
have the black outside border well covered with a beautiful dust- 
ing of red scales. In examples of August males but a few scat- — 
tered (red) scales are to be observed, while a careful examination 
of many specimens taken in early Summer failed to show to 
the writer a trace of this Autumn feature. However, hand- 
bred specimens might show it, but as I have reared only late 
Summer larve, I cannot settle the question. Near the base of 
the front margin of the hind wing in the male is a large, oblong, 
orange-colored spot of a mealy appearance. I have noticed the 
same on the male of Colias eurydice. 

One female, taken in August several years ago, has the ground 
color of the upperside of the front wings white, an approach to 
the albino, while on the upperside of the hind wings of many of 
the October specimens, the dark streaks and shades from the 
black border reach almost to the base of the wings. 

I made the discovery of the food-plant of cesonta a number 
of years ago by watching a female flitting about some bushes. 
The eggs of this butterfly are laid on the underside of the ten- 
der end leaflets of Amorpha fruticosa or ‘‘lead plant.’ They — 
are spindle-shaped, white or pale yellow, growing darker before 
hatching. The young larva is yellowish green, swollen slightly 
at the head and thoracic rings and tapering to the anal extremity. 
After the last molt many of the larvee become cross striped, while 
others are almost unadorned. Of the two kinds of grown larve, 
the one I shall designate No. 1 is dark green, with a lateral yellow 
or white line along the spiracles. An orange band almost entirely 
covers the pale yellow line, being broadest and most distinct in — 
the middle of each segment. A bivam tinge above and below the 
stripe is usually noticeable. 

The underside of the body is paler than above. On rings 3 
and 4 is a black dot, each, just above the stripe. Head green, 
and covered with short hair. Feet green; whole body covered 
thickly with small, raised black points. Each ring many wrinkled. 
Length of mature larva 14% to 1% inches. 

The larva No. 2 differs from No. 1 in the cross-bands of black 
and bright yellow on each segment, reaching the yellow longitu- 
dinal line below, and giving the larva a handsome striped appear- 


1891. } ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 135 


-ance. The black cross-bands are either entire or broken into four 
parts, following the yellow bands as shades to each. Some larvee 
have the yellow without the black bands, while a few have the 
black without the yellow. The pupa is three-fourths of an inch 
long, plain green, with a pale lateral line. A row of small, dark 
dots along each side, on the back, and a submarginal row on the 
wing-cases. Length of pupal period in August is from four to 
six days.. Later in the year it is much longer. Wing-sheaths of 
pupa humped. Two days before the pupa gives the imago the 
wings show plainly in miniature, and the dark border of the ma- 
ture butterfly is here represented by a bright red band, the male 
being readily distinguished from the female. 

I doubt if this species feeds on any other plant than Amorpha, 
as I have never observed the female depositing her eggs on any- 
thing else, though many other Leguminous herbs, shrubs and 
trees grow here. 

Even the larger-and older shrubs of Amorpha do not seem to 
be inviting to the female, and she frequents fields where the brush 
has been newly cut away from the banks of brooks, and fresh, 
tender shoots offer a supply of suitable food for young larve. 
Here she deposits her eggs in great numbers, and here the col- 
lector finds a supply of larvee. Besides cesonza, the caterpillars 
of Zudamus tityrus, Hyperchiria io; an undetermined Limacodes 
and another moth feed on Amorpha fruticosa, a very abundant 
shrub along the prairie branches near Curryville. 


oO 


Lachnosterna insperata and fraterna. 
By JoHN HAMILTON, Allegheny, Pa. 


Lachnosterna insperata Syth.—The distribution of this 
species is widely extended; examples are in my collection from 
Sudbury, Ontario; Buffalo, N. Y.; and from here, as likewise 
from various places in western Pennsylvania and eastern Ohio. 
Prof. Smith has it from New Jersey and from Illinois. The ven- 
tral characters of the male are variable; the form of the ridge on 
the penultimate ventral segment of Mr. Smith’s type seems to be 
an extreme in one direction, varying in a large majority of the 
individuals to that of duéia, and an example occasionally occurs 
which inosculates so closely with some /fusce as not to be sepa- 


136 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [September, 


rable by this character. The typical zzspevata has been in my 
collection from its first description, but the great mass of the ex- 
amples were referred to dudza without a suspicion. There are 
before me now forty male and twenty female zzsperaia, and ten 
male and sixteen female dudza._ By an examination of this series 
it is easy to see the males of these two species cannot in every 
case be separated by the ventral characters—that is to say, the 
writer cannot do it. The genital organs are usually sufficiently 
distinctive, but to examine every specimen in this way is labori- 
ous. The claspers in this species vary greatly in the develop- 
ment of some of the parts, but in all cases observed always retain 
the same pattern. As to the females, the ventral characters ap- 
pear to be identical; the last ventral in each is deeply arcuately 
emarginate, differing from that of fusca, which is either transverse 
at the apex, or scarcely narrowed at its middle; the genitalia, 
while morphologically different, are yet so similar as to be of 
little practical avail to the collector. The two species are, how- 
ever, readily separated by a character of zzsperata not heretofore 
observed, or at least not recorded (unless zzsperata should prove 
to be a synonym), namely, the hairiness of the head. 

In the males there is conspicuous tuft of long yellow hairs on 
the front near each eye connected by a line of shorter hairs, which 
appear to be somewhat deciduous, and in some old examples are 
nearly lost. In the females the tufts of hairs near the eyes are 
usually shorter, and in many old specimens may, without care, 
escape observation, while the connecting line is scarcely present, 
except in immature or very recent examples. 

The females were obtained years ago from two exchanges, la- 
beled cephalica Lec., a species described as having 10-jointed 
antenne and a hairy head, but placed by Dr. Horn im his recent 
monograph as a race of fusca. As insperata is quite variable in 
the ventral characters of the male as stated above, it seems prob- 
able it may be Dr. LeConte’s cephalica, a matter that might easily 
be settled by examining the genitalia of the type, a male, which 
probably still exists in Dr. LeConte’s collection. In case they 
prove to be different, cephadlica will likely be rehabilitated as a 
species and grouped with zusperata. 

L. fraterna Harris.—This species is abundant hl when its 
locality is found; last season I took near two hundred examples 
in a couple of nights’ collecting. The figure given by Professor 


2 a ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 137 


Smith in his plates of genitalia as the female of this species, is 
that of zova Smith; that of fraterna is still unfigured. The pubic 
process might be likened to a miniature spoon truncated near the 
tip with the handle much curved and shortly furcate at the end. 


2D 
VU 


ELEMENTARY ENTOMOLOGY. 


The young of butterflies and moths are called caterpillars, larve 
or worms. Lepidopterous insects can only be said to grow in 
the caterpillar condition, and little butterflies never grow to be 
big ones, as is popularly supposed. When the young caterpillar 
has matured in the egg it eats its way through the shell and de- 
vours more or less of the remaining shell; some species eat a hole 
only large enough to let them out, and others nearly the entire 
shell. Some are very slow in eating their way out, sometimes 
occupying a day or two, as in some of the Hesperide. The 
newly-born. caterpillar varies in size from a very minute object to 
about one-quarter inch in length, according to the size of the 
species. They are very voracious, and grow rapidly, changing 
their skins or moulting to accommodate their -increase in size. 
They are elongated, cylindrical, worm-like; some are naked and 
others covered with hair. They are separable into thirteen joints 
or segments, including the head. They have three pairs of short 
legs, a pair on the second, third and fourth segments respectively, 
and on joints seven, eight, nine, ten and thirteen have each a 
pair of membranous legs armed with a circle of minute hooks 
which enables them to hold on to objects. In certain large spe- 
cies these are wrapped entirely around a small twig or branch of 
the tree on which they feed. These last legs disappear when the 
larva changes to a chrysalis. They breathe by means of stigmata 
or spiracles, which are breathing holes situated on each side of 
the body, which communicate with the respiratory system. When, 
after feeding some days, the larva gets too big for his skin he. 
seeks a convenient place and spins a little web, in which he en- 
tangles his feet and remains quiet for a short period, and then 
crawls out of the old skin and has an entirely new suit of clothes, 
often varying greatly from the old one. This he does a varying 
number of times according to the species, but it is usually four 


_ or five, but may be as high as ten. Some of the species of Pam- 


138 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. _ [September, 


phila undergo this change in a little tube of silk, which they spin 
for the purpose. When the caterpillar reaches full growth it 
seeks a place in which to change into a chrysalis or pupa. Some 
species change to a naked chrysalis; some spin a cocoon inside 
of leaves or sticks; others make merely a cocoon in which to 
transform, and quite a number enter the ground and wriggle 
around until they harden the sides of their grave or tomb until it 
is virtually a cocoon in the ground. 


Notes and News. 
ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS 
' 


OF THE GLOBE. 


[The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL News solicit, and will thankfully receive items 
of news, likely to interest its readers, from any source. The author’s name will be given 
in each case for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] 


In the future all papers received for publication in the News will be 


‘printed according to date of reception. 
— 


Extras of Plate VI (portrait of Henry Edwards), on heavy paper suit- 
able for framing, can be supplied at twenty-five cents each. Send order 
to Treasurer, E. T. Cresson, P. O. Box 1577, Philadelphia, Pa. 


THE new Check List of North American Lepidoptera by Prof. J. B. 
Smith, will soon be completed. This includes Diurnals and Nocturnals. 
The price will be $1.00. Send in your order early to E. T. Cresson, 
Treasurer. See notice on second page of cover. 


INTERNAL REVENUE PROBLEMS.—Truth is often much funnier as well 
as stranger than fiction. An important public officer of Duisberg, in Ger- 
many, is an ardent entomologist, and made a costly purchase of rare but- 
terflies in Holland. The collection arrived in due time at the Duisberg 
custom-house, where the inspectors were at a loss to know whether the 
insects were dutiable or not. They finally came to the conclusion that, 
inasmuch as they had wings, they must be classed as poultry, and much 
explanation and expostulation were required before they could be induced 
to regard them in any other light.— C7ipping. 


THE collection of insects made by the late Henry Edwards, consisting 
of about 300,000 specimens of all orders, and well represented in large 
numbers of individuals and long suites of specimens from all parts of 
the world, is for sale. It is particularly rich in Pacific coast of North 
America species. A large number of Lepidoptera from this region were 
described by Mr. Edwards, and his types are in the collection. Institu- 
tions or private persons wishing to purchase will please address Mrs. 
Henry Edwards, 185 E. 116 Street, New York, N. Y. ; 


1891. } ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 139 


ON May 29th, near midnight, with temperature at 50° Fahr. at Franconia, 
N: H., Mrs. A. T. Slosson took another fine 2 specimen of Phragmatobia _ 
assimilans, var. franconia Slosson. 


TueE Entomological Society of Belgium, at its meeting of heey 2, 1891, 
discussed the question of the value of types in Entomology. The ma- 
jority of the members present expressed their ideas on the subject. The 
result of the discussion was that only those specimens should be considered 
as types of a species which have served to fix the description. All the 
individuals which an entomologist afterwards recognizes as belonging to 
a species established by him are not veritable types; they ought to have in 
a collection only the note compared with the type by the author with the 
date of the determination.—From the Compte Rendu. of the Society for 
May 2, 1891, p. ccxlvi. 


THE annual field-meeting of entomologists, under the auspices of the 
societies of Philadelphia, Brooklyn and Newark, was held on July 4th at 
Jamesburg, N. J., which is situated near Monmouth Junction on the Am- 
boy Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad. The societies represented 
were the Feldman Collecting Social, American Entomological Society 
and Eritomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, all of 
Philadelphia; the Brooklyn Entomological Society and the Newark Ento- 
mological Society. It was feared that the hail storm of the previous 
evening would somewhat interfere with the pleasures of the day, but the 
bright sunshine of the early morning brought sunshine into the hearts of 
the ardent collectors, for Jamesburg is well known to be a favorite col- 
lecting-ground. The party was met at the Jamesburg Station by convey- 
ances and taken about a mile to a beautiful grove, bordering the cranberry 


_ meadows, where, after a photographer had secured a picture of the entire 


party, the day was spent in collecting. Ample lunch was provided and 
eaten under the shade of the trees in the pretty grove. About forty per- 
sons were present, among whom were H. Wenzel, P. Laurent, Dr. Castle, 
Schmitz, Trescher, Hoyer, E. Wenzel, C. Boerner, I. C. Martindale, Lie- 
beck, Fox, C. W. Johnson, P. Nell and H. Skivner, of Philadelphia; Jas. 
S. Johnson, of Frankford, Phila.; and Messrs. Machesney, Angell, Loeffler, 
Angelman, Sherman, Thompson, Ottolengui, Leng, Merkel, Roberts, 
Pearsall, Davis, Baier, Hess, Dietz, Sieb and Julich, of New York, Newark 
and Brooklyn. The party was looked after by Prof. J. B. Smith, of New 
Brunswick, State Entomologist. The second annual meeting was a great 
success, and it is hoped that many more may follow.—I. C. MARTINDALE. 


The following are clipped from the daily papers : 

How TWO INSECTS TALKED.—A Parisian chemist has caught two little 
insects in the act of nocturnal “spirit”? rapping. They were found about 
four inches apart on opposite sides of a piece of heavy wrapping paper. 
Each tapped loudly with the head about six strokes a second, one answer- 
ing as the other finished. 


140 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [September, 


AFRICAN travelers tell of a “delicious soup” of beetles and mushrooms 
made by the natives of that remarkable country. 


THE fly is a quaint humorist. He can tickle a man in more places at 
once than the best paid funny man going. 
Now fares it sadly with the man 
Whose soul doth patience lack, 
When he to smite fugacious flies 
Himself doth fiercely whack. 


A PROFESSOR at Ann Arbor was discussing the process of fertilizing 
plants by means of insects carrying the pollen from one plant to another, 
and told how old maids were the ultimate cause of it all. The bumble- 
bees carry the pollen; the field-mice eat the bumble-bees; therefore, the 
more field-mice the fewer the bumble-bees and the less pollen and varia- 
tion of plants. But cats devour field-mice, and old maids protect cats. 
Therefore, the more old maids the more cats, the fewer field-mice, the 
more bees. Hence, old maids are the cause of variety in plants. There- 
upon a-sophomore, with a single eyeglass, an English umbrella, a box- 
coat, with his trousers rolled up at the bottom, arose and asked: “I sa-a-y, 
Professah, what is the cause—ah—of old maids, don’t you know?” “ Per- 
haps Miss Jones can tell you,’’ suggested the Professor. ‘* Dudes!” said 
Miss Jones, sharply, and without a moment’s hesitation. 


A YOUNG man camping in the Sierras discovered and captured a butter- 
fly of an unknown species. He sent it to the Smithsonian Institution at 
Washington, and received therefor a check for fifteen hundred dollars, 
with the request to make careful search for other moths of the same kind. 
It was an individual of a fossil species, supposed to be extinct, and great 
was the excitement among the scientists at the discovery that one of the - 
race had been recently alive. Although diligent search has been made 
by men paid for the service, no other specimen has been found. 


‘* WILL you walk into my parlor?’ said the spider to the fly. 
Well, hardly,’’ said the insect, as he winked the other eye. 
‘“Your parlor has an entrance, but of exits it is shy, 

So I'll stay outside in safety and remain a little fly.” 


‘“AN INNOVATION.’”’—That was a great jewel Mrs. De Jones had on 
last night. ‘‘ What was it?” ‘It was a live brazilian beetle with a big 
diamond strapped on its back. It was trained to fly around her neck, 
thus giving the effect of a diamond necklace.”’ ' 


Identification of Insects (Imagos) for Subscribers. 


Specimens will be named under the following conditions: 1st, The number of speci- 
mens to be unlimited for each sending; 2d, The sender to pay all expenses of transporta- 
tion and the insects to become the property of the American Entomological Society ; 
3d, Each specimen must have a number attached so that the identification may be an- 
nounced accordingly. Address all packages to ENTOMOLOGICAL News, Academy Natural 
Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. 


Sn 


[1891. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 141 


Entomological Literature. 


ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL History, May, 1891.—Descrip- 
tions of new genera and species of Pyralidze contained.in the British Mu- 
seum collection, by W. Warren. Descriptions of new species of the cole- 
opterous genus Oides, by C. J. Gahan. Description of a new genus for 
the reception of the North American moths hitherto referred to Telesi//a 


_ of Herrich-Schaffer, by A. G. Butler. 


CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARD A MONOGRAPH OF THE NOCTUID OF TEM- 
PERATE NorTH AMERICA.—A revision of the species of Hadena referable 
to Xylophasia and Luperina, by J. B. Smith_—From Proc. U. S. National 
Museum, vol. xiii, pp. 407-447. : 

THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETy OF LONDON 
for the year 1891, pt. 2, with 8 plates —A monograph of the Lycznid 
genus Aypochrysops, with descriptions of new species, by Hamilton H. 
Druce. Notes on the Lepidoptera collected in Madeira, by the late T. 
Vernon Wollaston, by George T. Baker. Additions to the Carabideous 
fauna of Mexico with remarks on some of the species previously recorded, 
H. W. Bates. On the genus Xanthospilopteryx Wallengren, by W. F. 
Kirby. The Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan. Pt. 2, Apionidze and 
Anthribidz, by Dr. David Sharp. The life-history of the Hessian Fly, 
Cecidomyia destructor Say, by Fred. Enock. Mimetic resemblances be- 
tween species of the coleopterous genera Leva and Diabrotica, by C. J. 
Gahan. A list of the Heteromerous Coleoptera collected by J. J. Walker 
in the region of the Straits of Gibralter, with descriptions of four new 
species, by G. C. Champion. 


THIRD ANNUAL REPORT OF THE WEST VIRGINIA AGRICULTURAL Ex- 
PERIMENT STATION.—This contains a valuable report on noxious and 
beneficial insects of thirty-five pages with two plates, by A. D. Hopkins, 
entomologist to the station. 


THE BrITISH NOCTU2 AND THEIR VARIETIES, by J. W. Tutt, F. E. S., 
vol. i, May, 1891, with catalogue of the subclasses, families, genera, spe- 
cies, varieties and principal subvarieties. This is a work of 164 pages by 
one who has made a study of the causes of variation in Lepidoptera, a 
subject which of late has received considerable attention, especially in 
England. The literature of varieties had been greatly scattered through 
numerous periodicals and other works published in different countries, 
and in this volume there are collected together for ready reference by the 
student. A careful study and comparison of the different forms of a spe- 
cies can’t fail to be very useful in determining their exact limitations and 
thus help to solve the problem as to what shall be considered a species. 
The subject of variation is rapidly acquiring a literature of its own, and 
the author of this work is also the editor of a journal entitled, ‘‘ The En- 
tomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation.’? Mr. Tutt is anxious to 
correspond with any one in this country interested in the subject. 


142 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [September, 


‘“THE OsSERVER,”’ devoted to Natural History, Popular Science, Edu- 
cation and General Literature, edited by E. F. Bigelow, Portland, Ct. 


This interesting journal has a department devoted to Entomology under — 


A. W. Pearson, of Norwich, Conn. Vol. ii, No. 7, contains a table of 
Geometride for determining the species, An editorial outing, an enemy 
of mosquitos. The price is fifty cents per annum. 


MANUAL OF NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES, by C. J. Maynard (De 
Wolfe, Fiske & Co., Boston, 1891). This work brings together for the 
first time descriptions of all the butterflies which occur in America North 
of Mexico. The literature on Lepidoptera is so scattered that only those 
who have access to large natural history libraries, or are happy enough 
to own an extensive library of their own, can hope to identify their speci- 
mens for themselves, and this book is intended for those who do not have 
these facilities. All the species listed by Mr. W. H. Edwards in his cata- 
logue of 1884 are described, and some of those described since are noted 
in an appendix. There are ten colored plates with about sixty figures and 
numerous wood-cuts of about two hundred and fifty species illustrating 
some peculiar character by which the insect may be known. The scheme 
of the work is a very good one, and it can’t fail to be useful, although 
there are certain faults. Comparative descriptions are only of value when 
specimens are at hand, and it would be exceedingly difficult to identify 
from many of the descriptions without a large amount of material, which 
the beginner does not have. A number of errors have crept in, the most 
noticeable of which is on plate 5, fig. 1, which represents the underside 
of Synchle janats of Drury and not adie ‘ 


Destructive Locusts.—A popular consideration of a few of the more 
injurious locusts (or ‘‘ grasshoppers’’) of the United States, together with 
the best means of destroying them, by C. V. Riley, U. S. Dep’t Agric., 
Div. Ent., Bulletin No. 25. 


REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST FOR 1890, by C. V. Riley, U. S. Dep’t 
Agric., 26 pages, 7 plates. Contains articles on noxious insects, with 
remedies against them. 


CENTRAL EXPERIMENTAL FARM, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, Ot- 
tawa, Canada, Bulletin No. 11, May, 1891.—Recommendations for the 
prevention of damage by some common insects of the farm, the orchard 
and the garden, by James Fletcher, entomologist and botanist to Dominion 
Experimental Farms. 

NOTES ON SOME NOCTUIDZ, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND 
SPECIES, by John B. Smith, pp. 103-135. From Trans. Am, Ent. Soc. for 
1891. 
BULLETIN 82, NEW JERSEY AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION, by 
Prof. J. B. Smith. Experiments for the destruction of the Rose-chafer, 
or Rosebug. 


= 


1891. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. ae RAS 


Revision or Homohadena Grote, by Prof. John B. Smith. From Proc. 


U.S. National Museum, vol. xxiii, pp. 397-405. 


Host-pLant List oF NORTH AMERICAN APHIDID&, by T. A. Williams: 
Special Bulletin No. 1. University of Nebraska, Dep’t of Entomology. 


AN UNDESCRIBED LARVA FROM MAMMOTH CAVE, by H. Garman. From 
Bulletin of the Essex Institute, vol. xxiii, 1891. 


U. S. DEPARTMENT AGRICULTURE, DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY, Bull. 
23.—Reports and observations in the practical work of the Division made 
under the direction of the entomologist. Contains articles on injurious 
insects, by Lawrence Bruner, D. W. Coquillett, Albert Koebele, Mary E. 


Murtfeldt, Herbert Osborn and F. M. Webster. 


Notes ON NoRTH AMERICAN MyRIAPODA OF THE FAMILY GEOPHILID&, 
WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE GENERA, by O. F. Cook and G. N. Col- 
lins, of Syracuse, N. Y. From Proc. U. S. National Museum, vol. xxiii, 
pages 383-396. 

COLLECTING AND PRESERVING INsEcTs, by Dr. W. J. Holland, 33 pp. 
with a number of plates and cuts. This comprises the article on insects 
in “Taxidermy and Zoological Collecting,” by W. T. Hornaday. This 
article is by a practical entomologist, and will be a useful guide to the 
subject. Such articles are generally written by Taxidermists who know 
little about the subject. 


ATTI DELLA SOCIETA VENETO-TRENTINA DI SCIENZE NATURALI RESI- 
DENTE IN PApova, xii, fasc. 1, 1891.—Contribution to the embryology of 
the Acari, by Dr. E. Sicher. 


SITZUNGSBERICHTE D. KONIG. BOHMISCHEN GESELLSCHAFT DER WIs- 
SENSCHAFTEN. MATHEMATISCH-NATURWISSENSCHAFTLICHE CLASSE, ’90, 
Il.—The metamorphic stages of Oxyethira costalis Curt., and a paper 
on Bohemian Trichoptera,* by F. Klapalek, plates; Bohemian Thysan- 
ura,* by J. Uzel. 


JOURNAL DE L’ ANATOMIE ET DE LA PHYSIOLOGIE, etc., Paris, xxvii, No. 
2, 1891.—Brief genealogy of the Arthropoda: Determination of the typical 
forms (continued), by Dr. L. A. Segond. 


BIOLOGISCHES CENTRALBLATT (Erlangen), May 1, 1891.—On the em- 
bryonal plan of the blood and fat tissues of insects, and remarks on J. 
Carriere’s paper on ‘‘ The Glands of the first abdominal segment of the 
insect embryo,”’ by V. Graber.—July 1, 1891. Preliminary remarks on the 
“International Relations’ of Ant guests, by E. Wasmann. 


ZOOLOGISCHER ANZEIGER, May 11 and 25, 1891.—On the extremities in 
the embryos of Arachnids and Insects, by Dr. A. Jaworowski. 


REVUE DEs SCIENCES NATURELLES DE L ‘OUEST (Paris), No. 2, April, 
1891.—The sense of sight in Arthropods, by Dr. A. Peytoureau. 


* Contains new species other than North American. 


144 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [September, 


Le NATURALISTE (Paris), May 15, 1891, etc.--New Lepidoptera,* by P- 
Dognin; Gaujonia n. gen.—June 1. The nymph of Zelephorus rufipes, 
by L. Planet; figs. 


ENTOMOLOGISCHE NACHRICHTEN, xvii, No. 9, May, 189:.—Bvrachy- 
cryptus n. gen. Cistelidee near Omophlus,* and A new Glaphyrus from 
Tripoli,* by G. Quedenfeldt. Triphonid studies,* by Dr. Kriechbaumer. 
A new contribution to the knowledge of the indigenous Coleoptera in 
Bucovina, by C. V. Hormuzaki.—No. 10, May: Acronycta var. Bryophil- 
oides, a new variety of A. strigosa F.,* by C. V. Hormuzaki. A new 
Crabronid,* by C. Verhoeff.—No. 11, June: Rhizotrogus limbatipennis 
Villa = furvus Germar, by Dr. G. Kraatz. Cryptid studies,* by Dr. 
Kriechbaumer. A later contribution to the knowledge of indigenous 
Coleoptera of Bucovina, by C. V. Hormuzaki.—No. 12, June: Diptera 
from the vicinity of Treparewo, by B. Fedtschenko. Two new species 
of Macrophya, by Dr. Kriechbaumer.—No. 13. July: On Dorcadion leve 
Fald., by K. M. Heller. Diptera from the vicinity of Treparewo, by B. 
Fedtschenko.—No. 14, July: On Oredlla schineri Lw., by V. v. Roder. 
On Polyphylla, Anoxia and Cyphonotus; Three new species of Rhizotro- 
gus from the Orient;* On Rhizotrogus ater, fuscus, furvus and limbati- 
pennis, by E. Brenske. The Zoocecidz of Lorraine, by S. S. Kieffer. 


CompTE RENDU. SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE BELGIQUE May 2, 1891. 
—Causeries Odonatologiques, No. 4: the genera Zygonya Selys and 
Schizonyx Karsch, by E. de Selys-Longchamps. Description of a new 
genus of Elateride,* by E. Fletiaux; Globothorax. Additions to the 
‘“ Catalogue Methodique des Elaterides connus en 1890, par E. Candéze,”” 
by E. Bergroth. Clavicorns from Western Bengal,* by A. Grouvelle. 
Melanges Entomologiques, III, Diagnoses of Madagascan Phytophaga,* 
by A. Duvivier. Second note on some Coleoptera Heteromera of Bel- 
gium, by L. Coucke. 


ZOOLOGISCHE JAHRBUCHER, V, No. 5, Jena, 1891.—Contributions to the 
biology of the solitary flower wasps (Apidze), by H. Friese; 1 plate. 


ENTOMOLOGISKE MEDDELSER, ii, Nos. 5, 6, Copenhagen, ’90.—Ph/eph- 
thorus rhododactylus Marsh, by E. A. Lovendal, figs. Synonymic re- 
marks, etc., on Danish Tomicini, ibid. Aenigmatias blattoides,* a new 
apterous Dipter, by F. Meinert; 1 plate. Catalogue of Danish Coleop- 
tera: Staphylinidz, id. New Danish Coleoptera and Hemiptera, by W. 
Schlick. New Danish Lepidoptera, by H. P. Duurloo. 


ABHANDLUNGEN, NATURWISSENSCHAFTLICHEN VEREIN ZU BREMEN, 
xii, No. 1, 1891.—Contributions to the fauna of the island of Spiekerooge, 
by S. A. Poppe. Biological observations on the relations between flowers 
and insects in the East Frisian Island of Norderney, by C. Verhoeff. First 
contribution to the insect fauna of the North Sea island of Juist, by Dr. 
Alfken. 


* Contains new species other than North American. 


1891.] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 145 


BULLETIN DE LA SOCIETE PHILOMATHIQUE DE Paris, 3€ serie, iii, No. 
1, 1891.—On the locomotion of Arthropods, and Note on the lyriform 
organs of Arachnids, by P. Gaubert. . : 


ARCHIV FUR NATURGESCHICHTE, lvii, I, No. 1, Berlin, t891.—On the 
origin and cause of the absence of wings in the females of many Lepid 
optera, by L. Knatz; 1 plate. 


BULLETIN DE LA SOCIETE LINNEENNE DE NORMANDIE, 4€ serie, v, I. 
Caen, 1891.—Note on Phalena hyemata, parasite on the apple tree, "4 
Drs. Huet and Louise. 


MonITORE ZOOLOGICcO ITALIANO, ii, 5, Florence, 1891.—Anatomico- 
physiological note on some Ixodini, by A. Batelli. 


MITTHEILUNGEN AUS DEM NATURHISTORISCHEN MUSEUM IN HAMBURG, 
viii, 1891.—Revision of the scorpions, I. Fam. Androctonidz, by Dr. K. 
Kraepelin; 2 plates; new genera and species. 


ARCHIVES DE BIOLOGIE, x, 4, Paris, etc., 1891.—Researches on the walk 
of insects and Arachnids, by J. Demoor; 3 plates. 


Compte RENDv. L’ ACADEMIE DES SCIENCEs (Paris), July 6, 1891.—The 
Flight of Insects studied by Photochronography, by M. Marey. 


STAVANGER MusEuM, AARSBERETNING for 1890, Stavanger, 1891 (?).— 
Contribution to the knowledge of Norse Coleopterous Fauna,* by T. Hel- 
liesen. List of Coleoptera (Carnivori, Palpicornes and Amphibii) found 
near Jaederen in 1890, id: 


VERHANDLUNGEN DES NATURHISTORISCHEN VEREINS DER PREUSSI- 
CHEN RHEINLANDE, WESTFALENS UND DES REG.-BEZIRK OSNABRUCK, 
xlvii, Bonn, 1890.—The gall-flies and galls of Siegerland,* by E. H. Rub- 
saamen; 4 plates. A fourth German species of Atypus, by Dr. P. Bertkau. 


SOBRE LA CARPOCAPSA SALTITANS WESTW. Y LA GRAPHOLITA MOTRIX 
BERG. n. sp.* por el Dr. Carlos Berg.—Extract from Anales Sociedad 
Cientifica Argentina xxxi, 1891. 


REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE DU BOURBONNAIS, 4e, Annee, No. 6, June, 1891. 
—The Orthoptera of the Allier, by E. Olivier. 


BOLLETINO DEI MUSEI DI ZOOLOGIA ED ANATOMIA COMPARATA D. R. 
UNIVERSITA Di TORINO, Nos. 94, 97, 102, 1891.—New species of Diptera 
from the Zoological Museum of Turin,* by Dr. E. Giglio-Tos; No. 102 
contains twelve new Mexican species of various genera. 


MITTHEILUNGEN DER NATURFORSCHENDEN GESELLSCHAFT IN BERN, 
Nos. 1244-1264, 1891.—Contribution to the Tipulid Fauna of Switzerland,* 
by Dr. E. Bergroth. 


UTILITE DES ABEILLES EN HorTICULTURE; par V. Brandicourt, 


- Amiens, 1891. 


* Contains new species other than North American. 


146 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [September, 


ComPTE RENDU. SOCIETE DE BIOLOGIE (Paris), June 20, 1891.—On the 
abdominal nerve chain of A/elolontha vulgaris, by A. Binet. Fungi para- 
sitic on Acridium, by J. K. d*Herculais, C. Langlois, A. Girard. July 9: 
The disposition of the connectives in sub-intestinal nerve chain of Me/o- 
lontha vulgaris, by A. Binet. 


ARCHIVES ITALIENNES DE BIOLOGIE, xv, 2, Turin, 1891.—Spermato- 
genesis of Bombyx mori, by E. Verson. The glandular hypostigmatic 
cells in Bombyx mori, by E. Verson and E. Bisson. 


REVUE BIOLOGIQUE DU NORD DE LA FRANCE, iii, 10, July, 189%; Ame 
wax of Bees, by A. and P. Buisine. 


IL NATURALISTA SICILIANO (Palermo), x, 6, 7, March, April, 1891 anes 
new Hymenoptera from Sicily, by T. De-Stefani. Catalogue of the Co. 
leoptera of Sicily, by E. Ragusa. 


VERHANDLUNGEN DES NATURFORSCHENDEN Venice IN BRUNN, 
xxviii, 1890.—Identification table of the Hydrophilidz of Europe, Wiest 
Asia and North Africa, by A. Kuwert. 


JENAISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT FUR WISSENSCHAFT, XXV, 3, 4, Jena, 1891. af 
Honeydew: A biological study on plants and plant-lice, by Dr. M. ae 
2 plates. 


ARBEITEN AUS DEM ZOOLOGISCH-ZOOTOMISCHEN INSTITUT IN WURzZ- 
BURG, x, I, Wiesbaden, 1891.—On the genital characters of insects, by F. 
Leydig; 2 figures. 

ARBEITEN AUS DEM ZOOLOGISCHEN INSTITUTE DER UNIVERSITAT WIEN 
UND DER ZOOLOGISCHEN STATION IN TRIEST, ix, 2, Wien, 1891.—The 
coxal glands of the Arachnoidea, by R. Sturany; 2 plates. 


BIBLIOTHECA ZOOLOGICA II: Verzeichniss der Schriften tiber Zoologie 
welche in den periodischen Werken enthalten und vom Jahre, 1861-1880, 
selbstandig erschienen sind, . . . von Dr. O. Taschenberg, gte lieferung 
signatur 321-360, Leipzig, Engelmann, 1891.—A list of the writings on 
Zoology from 1861 to 1880, which have appeared separately-or in periodi- 
cal journals. This lieferung finishes the insects (Coleoptera), includes the 
Molluscoidea, and begins the Mollusca. 


MATERIAUX POUR LA FAUNE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DU LIMBOURG. COLE- 


OPTERES, 4me Centurie, par A. P. de Borre, Hasselt, 1891.» 5 


Doings of Societies. 


A REGULAR STATED MEETING OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION OF 


THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCEs was held at the Hall, S. W. cor. — 


Nineteenth and Race Streets, May 28, 1891, Dr. Horn, Director, in the 
chair. Members present: Cresson, Martindale, Laurent, Skinner, Bullock 
and Ridings; Associates: Seeber, Johnson, Fox, Westcott and Nell; Mr. 
Bird, of Rye, N. Y., visitor. A paper entitled, ‘‘ Revision of the genera and 


; 


eS epee 


1891. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 147 


species of ‘Anthonomini of Boreal America,’’ by W. G. Dietz, M.D., was 
presented for publication. Mr. Martindale stated that five volumes of 
Kirby’s Catalogue of Heterocera were in press. Dr. Skinner spoke of the 
importance of the work, and said it would greatly stimulate the study of the 
moths. Mr. Martindale also discussed the question of the proper classifi- 
cation of Diurnal Lepidoptera, and mentioned some of the classifications 
now in use. Dr. Horn said that a working collection should be arranzed_ 
for convenience of study. Dr. Skinner exhibited a caterpillar and chrysalis 
of Danais archippus; the former transformed into a chrysalis during the 
meeting. Mr. C. W. Johnson, exhibited the Diptera which he had -re- 
cently collected in Jamaica. He had found different species represented 
on the north and south sides of the island. Some of the species captured 
he had also taken in Florida. Insect life was scarce at Kingston on ac- 


~ count of the dry weather, but insects were more abundant at Port Antonio, 


where the rainfall is usually greater. The natives stated that collecting 
was best during the month of July. He took about ninety-seven species, 


which were exhibited. Mr. W. J. Fox exhibited the Hymenoptera col- 


lected in Jamaica; they numbered ninety-one species, fifteen of which 
were probably new to science. One torn specimen of Papilio homerus 
had been seen. Mr. Martindale read an extract from a paper by Dr. 


_ Leidy, published some years ago, on “‘ Insects Injurious to Shade Trees.”’ 


He also spoke of the scarcity of insects at the present time. Dr. Horn 


_ stated that he was about finishing his paper on Agrilus.—Meeting heid 


June 8th, Dr. Horn presiding. Members present: Ridings, Bullock, Blake, 
Martindale, Skinner; Associates: Calvert, Fox, Westcott, Johnson, Nell. 
A paper on Jamaica Hymenoptera by Wm. J. Fox, was presented for pub- 
Ifeation. Dr. Horn stated, in regard to his paper on Agrilus, that he had 
about decided to discard a certain species from the list, specimens of which 
were in the collection of the Society and his own received from the late 
Mr. Wilt. Having received the same species from Dr. Riley, with the 
authentic label Florida, it must be included. He had at first thought the 
species, from its appearance, was probably exotic. He also mentioned 
seeing in Mr. Seeber’s collection a specimen of Agrilus walsinghami 
labeled Texas, and doubted the locality being correct, as the home of the 
species was in the Northwest. He had recently received specimens from 
some of the intermediate points, thus showing that the southern locality 
was probably correct. Mr. Martindale spoke of a note in the June number 
of the News, p. 122, that Psyche confederata had been found in abun- 
dance at Columbus, Ohio, by Prof. Kellicott. Mr. M. had found it in 
some numbers back of George’s Hill in Fairmount*Park, Philadelphia. 
HENRY SKINNER, “Recorder. 


THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON.—January 8, 1891. 
The annual meeting of the Society was held at the residence of Prot. C. 
V. Riley, and the officers for the past year were re-elected, as follows: 
President, George Marx; Vice-Presidents, C. V. Riley and L. O. How- 
ard; Corresponding Secretary, C. H. Tyler Townsend; Recording Secre- 


148 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [September, © 


tary, C. L. Marlatt; Treasurer, B. P. Mann; Executive Committee, EWA. 
Schwarz, Otto Heidemann, W. H. Fox. The President, Dr. Marx, de- 
livered an address on ‘‘ The Spiders of the District of Columbia,” in which 
he discussed at length the value of local lists as a means of forming a 
comprehensive knowledge of the fauna of a country. He referred to the 
somewhat scanty literature in this country of this nature as compared with 
that of Europe, giving also a bibliography of the more important writings 
on Aranez of both this country and Europe, and concluded with a list of 
the spiders found to occur in the District. 

The address was discussed by Messrs. Riley, Fernow, Marx, Schwarz, 
Smith, Dodge, Banks and others. 

The thanks of the Society was voted Dr. Marx for his address. 

February 5, 1891.—Mr. Schwarz called attention to. certain Micro-lepid- 
optera which bred in the fruit of Sodanum carolinense, stating that he had 
bred Gelechia beneficentella, and referred to the fact that no similar in- 
sects were known to breed in the fruit of cultivated potato. 

Dr. Marx spoke of the spiders of the genus Pholcus, of which nine spe- 
cies occur in this country as against one or two found in Europe. He 
exhibited specimens of the American species. 

Mr. Schwarz exhibited specimens of Casnonia ludoviciana found this 
Winter in great abundance near Washington, D. C., and remarked on the 
distribution and habits of this insect. 

Prof. Riley laid before the Society an interesting card which he had re- 
cently.received from Mr. McLachlan referring to the Plepharocerid larve 
mentioned at the previous meeting of the Society. Mr. McLachlan fully 
confirmed Prof. Riley’s reference of the larvz in question. 

Mr. Townsend read a paper ona remarkable new Hippoboscid received 
from Dr. Alfredo Duges, Guanajuato, Mexico, which had been taken on 
a bat. It was described as 7richobius n. gen. dugesii n. sp. 

Mr. Townsend also presented a paper on a Muscid, bred from swine 
dung, which he described, in its larval and imago stages, as Cleigastra 
suisterei n. sp. This case of breeding had shown a larval hibernation, and 
Mr. Townsend expressed the belief that in more northern latitudes most 
coprophagus Diptera (Hematobia, Lucilia, etc.) winter equally as larve 
or pupze, and only exceptionally as perfect flies. 

These papers were discussed by Messrs. Riley, Fox, Banks, Schwarz, 

Marlatt and Townsend. 


C. L. Marvatt, Recording Secretary. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL News for June was mailed May 29, 1891. 


: 


P}. VII. 


Ent. News, Vol. IT. 


LUO 


y 


CALIGO aTREUS (‘Ow Lt BuTTERFLY.’ 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION, 


ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. 


VOL. II. OCTOBER, 1801. No. 8. 
CONTENTS: 

Explanation of Plate VIL........0.0+-.--s0+ 149 | Skinner—Elementary Entomology. ..... 157 
Neumoegen—Aberrations and varieties Skinner—Random notes on Lepidoptera 158° 
Of well-known insccts.....cccecceeseeeeee 150 | Townsend—An Exorista parasitic on 
Beutenmuller—Early stages of some Lagoa opercularis,.......ssssseceseereerese 159 

ett Ee etas cs scxsasn <ccseoqesscccccen 152 | Notes.and News......campeassesss Shpocscwteces 160 
WEN ROCKG fers sccvernress.ccccccceveesses ooo 000 153 | Entomological Literature,............--...+. 164 
Hudson—A new Gluphisia..........-++-++++ 155 | Doings of Societies.......0......s0sssessescseess 168 
Holland—A new Grophzla from Colo.. 156 


Plate VII represents the so-called ‘‘ Owl Butterfly.’’ This 
‘individual specimen is Cadigo atreus, and flies in America in the 
Equatorial region. The underside photographed, looks very 
much like an owl, the ocelli representing the eyes, and the various 
shadings of brown representing the feathers. Insect collectors 
frequently represent the body of the owl by other lepidopterous 
insects, or in some cases brilliant Coleoptera, and use a species 
of Caligo for the head, thus making a pleasing picture. There 
are about twenty-five species in the genus, and they are all fine, 
large insects, some of them very beautiful, but not so brilliantly 
colored as the allied genus Morfho. They fly in Mexico and 
Central America, and in Tropical South America. They are 
represented in the East Indies by an allied genus, Thaumantis, 
which also contains large and beautiful butterflies of a dozen 
species. The specimen represented is, unfortunately, somewhat 
broken, but shows the character of the underside of the fly very 
well. This also shows the utility of the orthochromatic process, 
as this species has colors on the underside which would not be 
shown in an ordinary plate. 

This plate, like others we have given in the News, was made 
by the Crosscup & West Engraving Company of Philadelphia, 


8 


150 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [October, 


and the butterfly was photographed in the Hall of the Academy 
by Mr. J. F. Sachse, the talented editor of thé ‘‘ American Jour- 
nal of Photography,’ to whom we are indebted for it.—Ep, 


on 
Vv 


Some wonderful aberrations and varieties — 
of well-known insects. 


By B. NEUMOEGEN, New York. 


There is a German fairy tale about ‘‘ Hans im Gliick,”’ of which 
I am forcibly reminded. I have been of late such a ‘‘lucky 
Hans,’’ acquiring a number of remarkable varietal and aberratic 
insects which deserve names, and the knowledge of which I here- 
with beg to impart to my entomological friends. I never sat 
down with more pleasure to describe new insects than I did in 
naming the following forms : 

Eacles imperialis ab. punctatissima.— Head, thorax and abdomen bright 
yellow, with purple patagize, purple thoracical maculations and overcast 
with purple on upper part of abdomen. Primaries above: the yellow only 
shows somewhat at apex, apical part of costa, at intersection of nervures 
and exterior margin, and at fringes. The entire wings covered with in- 
numerable blackish brown dots, which, near base and along interior mar- 
gin, are confluent, giving the wings a uniform appearance of blackish 
brown. A basal purple tinge at interior margin. The purple maculations 


along exterior margin bounded by the transverse arched line from apex 


to centre of interior margin, as well as the discal spot, surrounded by a 
purple ring penetrating the granulated shade. Secondaries: upper part 
from base along costa to apex bright yellow; the space enclosed by the 
purple mesial line, and even beyond it, enclosing discal area up to base, 
covered with countless dots, giving the lower aalf of wings nearly a uni- 
form appearance of blackish brown. Discal spot prominent, with purple 
ring and a purple basal tinge; fringe yellow. 

Below: basal half of primaries and secondaries, as well as abdomen, 
bright yellow; the remaining space of both wings, as well as the discal 
spots, blackish brown produced by the many dots, partly confluent, of 
this color. Basal half of costa of ase and costa of secondaries, 
blackish brown; fringes yellow. 


Type % coll. B. Neumoegen. 
This extraordinary insect Was taken by Mr. H. Saenger at 
Highbridge, in the upper part of New York City. 


Eacles imperialis var. nobilis.—Males above: thorax and abdomen dark — 


purple. Antennz, head, as well as a central thoracical line and a cross- 
band at first segment of abdomen, of brownish yellow. Primaries and 


[1891. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 51 


secondaries of a deep russet color; fringes and all maculations of dark 
purple, strewn with black dots, much like in var. didyma DeB., thus 
showing an irregular, triangular space of deep russet resting with its base 
on apical half of costa pointing towards median nervure and bounded by 
the discal spot and transverse apical arched line respectively. Seconda- 
ries of a rich russet, with discal spot; mesial undulating band and basal 
tinge of dark purple; some black dots along marginal area. 

Below: wings and abdomen of a lighter russet shade. Discal spots, 
space between apical, arched transverse line and external margin of pri- 
maries of dark purple, fading towards interior margin. The marginal 
space of secondaries between mesial band and exterior margin of brownish 
purple. 

Females.—The same rich russet as in the males prevails, but only the 
discal spots, the transverse apical, arched band of primaries, the mesial 
band o} secondaries and the basal tinges are of dark purple. The mar- 
ginal spheres in both wings resembling var. didyma, are of a bright 
chestnut-brown. Below: both wings russet, with light brown marginal 
sphere, somewhat fading into yellow in basal half of interior margin of 
primaries. 

This is a remarkable variety from southwestern Texas; con- 
stant in all its characters, as shown by a number of examples 
I have lately received. 


Types, 6 and 9, coll. B. Neumoegen. 


Citheronia regalis ab. Saengeri.— Head, thorax and abdomen bright sul- 
phur. Primaries grayish purple, with yellow nervures. Basal and discal 
dots very large and like the transverse intercellular, oval maculations of 
bright sulphur; apical part of costa and interior margin bright sulphur, 
fringes equally so at intersection of nervures. Secondaries uniformly 
bright sulphur, with a slight orange, basal tinge and faint indications of 
grayish purple transverse maculations in cells near anal angle, 

Below: primaries of bright sulphur, with a slight orange tinge along 
nervures. Discal spot and marginal space from apex to outer angle, as 
well as the two upper cells near centre of costa, of grayish purple. Sec- 
ondaries bright sulphur, with discal spot and mesial band of orange color; 
apical part of three upper cells of grayish purple. 


Type 4, coll. B. Neumoegen. 

A wonderful aberration, fresh and bright in appearance, and 
entirely distinct from the typical form. It was taken in the upper 
part of New York City by Mr. Herman Saenger, to whose in- 
dustrious exploits I cannot do more honor than by dedicating 
this beautiful insect to him. It is an enormously developed % , 
expanding 115 mm., the body having a length of 35 mm. 


152 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ October, 


Platysamia Gloveri var. reducta. & 

This is a very curious dwarf form, flying in the highest part 
of the Colorado range of the Rocky Mountains. The discal spot 
in primaries invariably touches the transverse posterior white 
band. The reddish brown space containing the discal spot and 
bordered by the white basal and transverse posterior bands is so 
narrow that in most of the examples it shrinks to a mere black 
line at the centre of interior margin. The basal reddish brown 
area containing the discal spot of secondaries is so narrow, that 
it never exceeds 25 mm. in its measure. In other Dita 4 the 
insect tallies with the typical form. I- 

It is easily distinguished by its minimal size of body mid wings, 
and by the transverse band nei aera with discal spot of prima- 
ries. Expanse of wings ¢, 83 mm.; 85 mm. Length of body, 
$, 25mm.; 9, 25mm. 

Types coll. B. Neumoegen. 

Described from a number of examples taken at an altitude of 
11,000 feet by Mr. D. Bruce in July, 1890, at Gibson Gulch, 
Colorado. 


Ct). 
VU 


ON THE EARLY STAGES OF SOME MOTHS. 


By WM. BEUTENMULLER, New York. 


Cherocampa tersa Linn. 

Larva.—Body pale green, with very fine longitudinal irrora- 
tions. Head small, smooth, green; mouth parts black; along 
the subdorsum is a rather broad, white band running from the © 
fourth segment to the caudal horn on the eleventh segment; on 
the band is placed, on each segment, a round black ring, the one 
on the fourth segment with a black eye-like spot in the centre. 
Color of the underside of the body and all the legs concolorous 
to the above; caudal horn reddish, with the apex black. Length 
about 60 mm. 

The larva figured by A Abbot and Smith (Ins. Ga. p. 75, pl. 38) 
has in each of the black rings along the subdorsum a large red 
spot. In all my specimens, six in number, no sign of the red 
spots was apparent. ss 

Foop-PLant.—WManettia bicolor. September. 


Pyromorpha dimidiata H.-S. 
Ecc.—Ovate, pale yellow, smooth, shining, slightly flattened 


1891. } ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. coe it 
above and below. Length about 1 mm.; width about .75 inch. 
Laid June 18th; emerged June 28th. 

- Younc Larva.—Dirty grayish white and covered with rather 
long hairs of the same color; head also grayish white with a 
brown spot on each side of the anterior part; mouth parts pitchy 
black. The head is sometimes entirely black or brown, shining; 
underside of body same color as above: Length 50 mm. 

Not knowing the food-plant I was unable to rear the larve to 
maturity. The eggs I obtained from a number of females flying 
amongst a species of grass on the border of a well-shaded and 
dry-piece of woods on Long Island, N. Y.; about fifty imagos 
were taken. The young larve, however, refused to eat the grass 
on which I found the moths, and which I supposed was also the 
food of the species. 


Apatela innotata Guen. 


_ Larva.—Head, posterior portion pitchy-brown, anterior part 
dirty-white, with the mandibles pitchy. Body above dull grayish 
brown, with a series of four shining, black, piliferous spots on 


- each segment along the dorsal region from the second to the last 


segment and two rows of yellow spots along each side with 
another row of black spots between; underside dull grayish. 
Legs and feet concolorous. The body is also sparsely covered 


_ with sordid white hairs. Length 25 mm. Food-plant unknown. 


Found ready to pupate on the trunk of a hickory tree, the 


bark of which the larva mimics. Collected at Englewood, N. J., 


Aug. 21, 1890. Imago emerged May 6, 1891, The larva spun 
a rude cocoon made of small bits of wood. 


ROCKS. 
By J. T. Mason, Houston, Tex. 


On looking over the present volume of News I noticed the 
article in the February number entitled, ‘‘ Lepidoptera at the 
Electric Lights,’’ by Dr. Ottolengui. Reading it caused all the 


difficulties in the way of many of us becoming advanced ento- 


mologists to rise before me. I handed the book to a young friend 
of mine and told him to read the article; he has collected about 
a year, and was greatly interested in the subject. After he had 


154 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [October, 


read it through he remarked, ‘‘ how does this fellow get all these 
names down so fine?’’ This is a question which is readily an- 


swered; he lives in New York and in his association with other 


more advanced students, and in having access to large collections 
he can readily manage it. This is a rock on which ninety-five per 
cent. of young beginners are wrecked. We will take this city as 
an example: I have known not less than six in the past two years 
that have commenced and have gone to pieces on this rock and 
fallen by the wayside, and it is most natural. A beginner sees a 
collection, and is attracted by its beauty, and concludes that he 
would like to become a collector also, and gets his net and bottle 
and makes a start. _He soon finds that he has a large lot of ma- 
terial on hand and can’t tell onefrom another, rare from Common, 
or good from bad, and winds up in confusion and disgust. Now, 
if we had in this country some such works as are to be found in 
Europe, which give figures of most of the species, and published 
at a reasonable price, many of the difficulties would disappear, 
but at present the literature is so scattered, and the illustrated 
works in this country are so very expensive as to place them out 
of reach of most of us. Those plates of C. rvegalis have suggested 
to my mind that if we had photos like these of the species in 
this country, or of a considerable portion of them along with de- 
Scriptions of the colors, and if such a work could be gotten out, 
say at a cost of not over ten dollars, we would find a hundred 
collectors where we find one to-day. Last season a friend caught 
a duna moth and brought it thirty-five miles because he thought 
it a rarity; it would have crushed him if I had mentioned the 
fact that I had sent over six hundred to London during the same 
month. About twice a year we get an accumulation of unknown 
material and send them North for identification; this works pretty 
well where we have more than one of a kind, but it often hap- 
pens that we have but one and don’t want to box it and run the 
risk of having it lost or broken. All collectors know how we 
cherish a single specimen believed to be rare, and in future I never 
intend to let these single specimens go out of my keeping. I 
am, therefore, looking forward to the good time coming when 
we can all have better means of identification, and Entomology 
becomes more popular and generally studied. I have enumerated 
some of the rocks, but there are more, and I hope they may be 
gradually eliminated. 


f 
; 


a a 


1891. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 155 


A NEW GLUPHISIA. 
By Prof. Gro. H. Hupson, Plattsburg, N. Y. . 


Gluphisia avimacula n. sp. 


Male.—Thorax cinereous; vertex of head, collar and anterior half of 
patagia nearly black; front, palpi and pectus pale brown; legs cinereous, 
the tarsi ringed with dark brown; abdomen gray. Primaries cinereous, 
thickly dusted with black scales; a black basal line, dentate on subcostal 
and median veins and sending down, intermediately, two fine black lines, 
which reach and enclose the small, pale ochreous basal spot, resting on 


. median vein; obscure on costa and below submedian vein. Second band 


nearly straight, deep black, prominent, starting on costa at a little less 
than half way to the apex, slightly angulated outwardly on subcostal and 
median veins, forming a shallow inward curve or sinus below submedian 
fold, widening at internal margin. An ochreous subtriangular discal spot 
edged with black, projecting a point towards the costa and a shorter one 
towards the base along median vein. Externally contiguous to the discal 
spot is an indistinct third band, subparallel to the first, slightly waved, 
pale brown and diffuse, more distinct on internal margin. Beyond this is 
a narrow and faint fourth beginning on costa at about three-fourths dis- 
tance from base, parallel to external margin, dentate inwardly on the 
veins, slightly angulated at vein 2, edged externally with pale cinereous. 
A fifth band consisting of a row of dark spots, edged within with pale 
cinereous, runs about midway between band four and the external margin. 
It has a slightly waved appearance with a shallow inward curve on vein 2, 
from thence it runs to the outer angle and joins the row of black, diffuse, 
intervenular spots in the pale cinereous fringe. The ground color of wings 
is palest between the first two lines, and slightly yellowish beyond and 
below the discal spot. Secondaries brownish cinereous, with a faint 
mesial band, dentate inwardly between veins 1 and 2, more distinct at 
internal margin, where it is white, shaded before by a black line and behind 
by a more diffuse black spot, followed by another pale spot before reach- 
ing margin; fringes as in primaries, but with intervenular spots more dif- 
fuse, almost forming a continuous line. Beneath concolorous with secon- 
daries above, tinged with cinereous at the apex of the primaries and outer 
third of secondaries. On each of the wings, beyond the middle, a slightly 
undulating darker band edged with pale whitish outwardly and following 
the course of the band above. 

Female with front cinereous, concolorous with thorax. Expanse: 
male, 38 mm.; female, 40 mm. 


Described from two males and-one female taken May 15th and 
22d, 1887, and May 10, 1891, at the electric lights, Plattsburg, 
i 


THE enterprising bee keeps up with the times by having his apartments 
arranged in sweets.— Yonkers Gazette. 


156 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [October, 


A NEW GNOPHALA FROM COLORADO. 
By W. J. HOLLAND, Ph.D., Pittsburg, Pa. 


G. Clappiana n. sp.—Male. Upperside: anterior wings black, 
with a quadrate spot of pale yellow at end of cell and a band of 
three small, sharply defined, oval spots below the apex. A minute — 
white spot at base; fringes at apex and near exterior angle nar- 
rowly white. Posterior wings deep bluish black, with the fringe 
somewhat broadly white. Abdomen blue-black; front white; 
collar marked by two small blue spots; patagize pointed with 
white at base and tips and bordered internally with pale blue. 
Underside: anterior wings as above. Posterior wings with faint 
white spot at end of cell, otherwise as above; chest rufous. A 
line of small white spots is found on each side of abdomen. 

_ Type coll. Holland. Described from a single specimen taken 

upon the mountains of Williams River, Colorado, by Mr. Geo. 
H. Clapp, president of the Iron City Microscopical Society, July, 
1891. 

This description was written in the rooms of the American 
Entomological Society after a careful search through the literature 
and examination of the species in the genus. 


2D. 
Vv 


A NOTE ON THE LIMACODID GENUS ISA Pack. 
By Harrison G. Dyar. 
Recently on a visit to Boston I saw, by the kindness of Mr. 
Henshaw, the type specimen of the genus /sa, created for Her- 
rich-Schiaffer’s species textuda. The specimen is a small female 
Sisyrosea inornata G. & R., and I have compared Dr. Packard’s 
characterization of genus /sa with specimens of zxernata and find 
all the characters borne out. Especially his description of the — 
venation is characteristic of the somewhat peculiar venation of 
.S. inornata. 1am not sure that this is the correct identification 
of the species ¢extula, but as I know of no other species to which 
the name should apply, I would arrange the genus as follows: 
Genus Isa Packard. 
sisyrosea Grote. 
inornata G. & R. 
? textula H.-S. 
nasoni Grt. 
rude Hy. Edw. 


1891. | ve ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 157 
ELEMENTARY ENTOMOLOGY. 


The third stage of existence in lepidopterous insects is called 
the chrysalis or pupa stage. The term chrysalis is derived from 
a word meaning golden, because many of them are decorated 
with golden spots. Pupa comes from a word meaning boy or 
child, because a pupa was thought to resemble an Egyptian child 
swathed in bandages, or a mummy. In the Rhopalocera or 
diurnals, the chrysalis or pupa, is naked, and not covered with a 
cocoon, nor do the larve enter the ground to undergo their 
changes. The majority also differ in being variously ornamented 
and shaped, although the general pattern is that of an inverted 
cone. The chrysalids of the Hesperids or skipper butterflies 
which approach the moths or Heterocera in character are pro- 
tected by a few leaves or blades of grass which the caterpillar 
draws around itself before changing. The character of the outer 
hard covering in these is different from the diurnals in general, 
being hard, dark and shining, like those of the moths, although 
quite a number are covered with a light bloom like that on a 
plum. It is thus quite easy to distinguish the chrysalis of a but- 
terfly from that of a moth. The chrysalids of the diurnals are 
suspended to a stick or leaf by the extremity, or in addition to 
this in some cases are fastened by a sling of silk which goes 
around the body of the chrysalis, and is fastened on each side of 
the supporting leaf or twig. In the former case the head of the 
caterpillar hangs downward, and in the latter it points upwards 
and outwards at an angle. Some of the larve of the moths find a 
convenient place under a piece of bark and change toa chrysalis; 
some spin a shroud or cocoon, which in some-cases is composed 
of silk, and in others of the caterpillar’s own hairs interwoven. 
Some employ bits of wood, leaves, sticks and pieces of earth in 
the same way. Many enter the ground and transform as already 
mentioned. The changes that go on ina chrysalis are wonderful. 
The chrysalis is apparently dead, showing no signs of life, but in 
the inanimate looking object is being developed a beautiful insect, 
perhaps a gorgeous Morpho* or a beautiful Ornithoptera,* yet 


‘to all appearance it is an insignificant looking object, giving no 


indication whatever of Nature’s legerdemain or fairy-like per- 
formances.—Ep. 


* Grand butterflies from Brazil and the East Indies, respectively. 


"158 '  ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [October, 


RANDOM NOTES ON LEPIDOPTERA. 


By HENRY SKINNER, M.D., Philadelphia. 
This Summer Pamphila hobomok % , and the two females (black 


one Pocahontas), were quite abundaht May 31st, and eggs were 


secured. /. zabulon %& was also rather common at the same 
time. I have never seen a female of zadu/on yellow like the male, 
and am sure it does not exist in this locality if at all. I have 
found the male and the black female in copulation a number of 
times. I can distinguish the females of zabulon and hobomok 
without any difficulty, and feel sure that the two species are en- 
tirely distinct, and at some future time will have more to say about 
them. June roth I sawa female P. manataagua ovipositing, she 
went down in the grass near the roots and close to the ground, 
and walked about in the miniature woods depositing an egg here 
and there near the base of the blades and on the dead and de- 
caying grass. These eggs hatched June 17th. This species was 
exceedingly abundant on a grassy embankment, and the speci- 
mens darted from flower to flower by a succession of quick jerks. 
I mention the occurrence of the species here in such numbers as 
it is usually considered quite rare. After one becomes acquainted 
with it, it can be readily distinguished from cernes even on the 
wing. /. fusca was common in Fairmount Park June oth, and 
nice, fresh specimens of Eudamus lycidas were taken. Pamphila 
Aaroni was moderately plentiful at Cape May, N. J., June 14th. 
Mr. Philip Laurent has also taken the species at Anglesea, N. J. 
It is a very wary fellow, and has a very quick flight, but if you 
get him in his favorite place, the trumpet-like flower of the wild 
morning-glory, he is at your mercy. He flies straight for the 
flower, and alights on the lower edge, and walks slowly in until 
he reaches the sweets, and keeps very quiet, and you would not 
know there was a specimen around until you learn his artful 


tricks. A cyanide-jar at the opening of the flower means busi- — 


ness and a fine, faultless specimen. 

P. delaware is a great rarity here; I saw one fine specimen on 
a ball-bush flower July 11th, and he was so pretty and fresh, with 
his brilliant yellow-orange under wings, that I tried to induce 
him to go into a small cyanide bottle, but he did not agree with 
me on the subject. Next time I see that fellow I will use a net. 
I think the types were caught here by Mr. James Ridings. P. 


. 


ee eee 


1891. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 159 


massasoit is exceedingly abundant in the swamps near Westville, 
N. J., from the 4th to the roth of July, and you can get them as 
fast as. you can use net and bottle. I think it quite a pretty spe- 
cies when fresh; it has such pretty velvety-brown wings. Mr. H. 
G. Willard, of Grinnell, Iowa, informs me that Amdlyscirtes 
samoset flies there in the woods about June gth, but is anything 
but common. Mrs. Slosson has also taken a few specimens of 
this rare species at Franconia, N. H. I will now skip from the 
skippers and give a couple of new localities which are interesting. 
Mr. H. G. Willard has serit me Chrys. hellotdes from lowa. Mr. 
Edwards’ catalogue gives Montana to Arizona; Oregon, Califor- 
nia. M.C. H. T. Townsend has sent me Syxchle crocale from 
Las Cruces, N. Mex.; types, I think, came from western Ariz. 
The New Mexico specimens lack the internal row of white spots 
on the secondaries. 


An Exorista parasitic on Lagoa opercularis. 
By C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, Las Cruces, N. Mex. 


Dr. -Alfredo Duges, of Guanajuato, Mexico, has kindly given 
- me an £xorista labeled ‘‘ from the cocoon of Lagoa opercularis.”’ 
It agrees with none of the twenty-six new species described by 
Mr. van der Wulp in the ‘‘ Biologia Centrali- Americana,’’ and a 
description of it is presented below. It belongs near £. flavicans 
v. d. W. among the species with ciliate hind tibiz. 


Exorista lagow nov. sp. <'.—Black, cinereous with a more or less brassy 
reflection. Eyes dark brown, thickly pubescent; front, sides of face, 
cheeks and posterior orbital margins pale brassy; front at vertex narrower 
than the eyes, much wider at base of antenne, rather prominent; frontal 
vitta black, less than one-third the frontal width, wider anteriorly, pronged 
posteriorly; frontal bristles descending to base of third antennal joint, 
those before base of antennz decussate, the sides of front with fine bristly 
hairs outside the frontal row and on the ocellar area; no orbital bristles; 
face receding, facial depression wide, silvery; facial ridges bare, only three 
_ or four very small bristles above the vibrissz, which latter are decussate 
and inserted only slightly above the oral margin; sides of face narrow 
above, very narrow below base; cheeks narrow, invaded below by the 
cinereous hairy occipital area, with bristles on lower border; antennz 
nearly as long as face, black; second joint short, third joint more than 
four times as long as the second; arista long, slender, scarcely thickened 
on basal third, indistinctly jointed at extreme base, black; proboscis short, 
fleshy, brownish, especially the large labella, which are furnished with 


160 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [October, 


yellowish brown hair; palpi well developed, club-shaped, pale brownish 
yellowish, black, hairy; occiput cinereous, gray hairy, with a black band 
from vertex to centre, and the orbital margins with a fringe of black 
bristles. 7ovrax black, brassy-cinereous pollinose, leaving four more or 
less well defined black vittze; thorax bristly and hairy, humeri and pleurze 
cinereous; scutellum blackish at base, apical portion broadly ochreous, 
with an apical strongly decussate pair of macrochetz and three lateral 
pairs, the intermediate one short. Abdomen moderately broad, ovate, 
covered with short bristles; first segment somewhat shortened, black, 
without macrocheetz; second to fourth segments pale brassy cinereous, 
leaving the hind margins and a median vitta shining black; second seg- 
ment very faintly reddish on sides, venter silvery pollinose; a median 
marginal pair of macrochzetze on second segment and a lateral marginal 
one; about ten marginal on third segment; anal segment with macro- 
chzetze interspersed with bristles? Zegs black, femora and tibie faintly 
silvery; femora hairy, tibiz with some strong bristles; hind tibiz with a 
fringe of bristles on outer edge, a strong bristle beyond the middle and 
one or two at tip longer than the rest; claws and pulvilli elongate, the 
pulvilli smoky whitish. Wings longer than the abdomen, moderately 
wide, without costal spine, grayish hyaline; tegulz yellowish gray, halteres 
dark brownish. Length 7 mm.; of wing, 6 mm. ; 


Described from one specimen. Guanajuato, Mexico. 


Notes and News. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS 
OF THE GLOBE. » 


[The Conductors of ENTomoLocicat News solicit, and will thankfully receive items 3 

of news, likely to interest its readers, from any source. The author’s name will be given 

in each case for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] 
In the future all papers received for publication in the News will be f 

printed according to date of reception. 


TueE List of Lepidoptera of Boreal America, by Prof. J. B. Smith, has 
reached 5042 numbered species to date; will be completed by Oct. 1, 1891. 


Mr. Levi W. MENGEL, of Reading, Pa., who went as entomologist to 
the West Greenland Expedition sent out by the Academy, has returned, 
and brought home a collection of about four hundred insects. 


WE have heard that Prof. J. B. Smith sailed for Europe September 16th. 
We wish him a pleasant voyage, and have no doubt but what he will come 
back laden with entomological facts picked up in the museums of Europe. 


Prof. R. R. Row ey, who has contributed a number of very interesting a 
articles to the News, has been appointed professor of Natural History in io) 


1891. ] . ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 161 


the High School at Fort Smith, Arkansas. We hope he may continue to 
do good entomological work in this new and interesting locality. 


Ir is a solitary fly that annoys. Where there are swarms of flies they 
have their time and attention partly occupied in mutual conversation, 
playing tag and other fly diversions; but get into a room with a solitary 
fly and he will give you his undivided attention.— Boston Transcript. 


Tue death of Capt. K. Yankowsky on the upper Yang-tse-Kiang, is a 
blow to Entomology, and an especially severe one to me. He was known 
as an excellent captain, an indefatigable traveler, and an ardent collector. 
He had just returned from a collecting trip to the sacred Mount Omi in 
Szechuen, when death overtook him on board the boat, built by his own 
hands, in the midst of his awe-stricken Chinese crew.—B. NEUMOEGEN. 


As the commercial Paris green is frequently adulterated with lime I 
append a reliable test, which may be of use to the many workers in the 
field of economic entomology. If you take about as much Paris green 
as will lay on a dime and put it in about tablespoonful of aqua ammonia 
it will, if pure, all dissolve and turn to a beautiful blue color. If it is 
adulterated there will be a white sediment in the bottom, which shows 
the presence of lime.—F. W. GopInc. 


EXPEDITIONS to Western China and Tibet are, even at this day, con- 
nected with great risk of life and enormous expenses. Fanaticism, lying, 
stealing, are some of the many vicissitudes inflicted by the border people 
of both realms on European collectors. Although the Pratt Expedition, 
sent out by Mr. Leech, has been highly successful, no other collector will 
be sent there again for this reason. Mr. Kricheldorf, the head collector 

-_ of the last expedition, writes me harrowing tales of his experiences. 


B. NEUMOEGEN. 


Some of our old entomologists put us of the younger generation really 
toshame. Here is an example—Dr. John Gundlach, of Cuba, just writes 
me: “‘ My health is unimpaired. On July 17, 1891, I celebrated my 81st 
birthday. My friend, Dr. Gutierrez, president of the Academy, died last 
December at the age of 90 years. Poey, my best and oldest colleague in 
Natural History, died in January, nearly 92 years old. I shall try to do 
the same. Next Spring I shall be on a collecting expedition in Porto 
Rico and St. Domingo.’’ What youthful ardor and elasticity! 


B. NEUMOEGEN. 


- 


BITTEN BY A TARANTULA.—While Samuel G. Williams, manager of the 
Union News Company, was unpacking a box of pears Thursday, which 
he received from Southern Texas, a tarantula leaped from the box and 
fastened its fangs in the middle finger of his right hand. He threw it from 
him and the spider was killed. In half an hour from the time he was 
bitten, Williams began to get delirious, and his pain was so great that it 
took three men to hold him. Three doctors are in attendance, but no 


162 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | [October, 


hope is entertained of saving the man’s life.—A subscriber wishes to know 
if any reader of the News has knowledge of an authentic case of death 
from the bite of a tarantula? 


A nuMBER of the joints of the ordinary cactus of the plains (Opuntia 
missouriensis), containing pupz, were recently sent from Colorado to the 
Kansas University and placed in the breeding cases. Although the pupz 
have not yet transformed, a number of puparia have, within the past few 
days, disclosing two allied Syrphids, Copestylum marginatum Volucella 
Jasciata. The puparia were lodged deeply in cavities within the stem,— 
evidently the feeding place of the larva. The puparia of the two species 
are scarcely distinguishable, both having a short, conjoined stigmatic tube 
and two slender anterior projections. The former species has the singular 
habit of continually keeping an alternate up and down movement of its 
remarkable antennz while walking.—S. W. WILLISTON. 


This June while on a tramp in quest of Coleoptera I was going through 
a patch of woods and T noticed on my path one of the larger predatory 
Diptera which so closely mimic a bumble-bee, and kindly determined for 
me by my friend, Mr. Wm. T. Davis, as DasylHs thoracica Fabr. He 
was Carrying away a Longicorn beetle. On attempting to pick him up he 
flew away carrying the beetle with him, which, nevertheless, he dropped 
upon being struck with my hand and settled in the grass a few feet dis- 
tant, where he was easily captured. The proboscis of the fly had sepa- 
rated the elytra and penetrated the abdomen between the second and 
third segments. Ihave often noticed this fly preying upon soft insects, 
as Lepidoptera, etc., but never before upon a hard bodied beetle. 
J. C. THompson, Clifton, L: I., N. Y. 


W. G. WriGHT, a naturalist of San Bernardino, Southern California, is 
spending a few weeks in this section (Sitka, Alaska) for the purpose of 
collecting plants and insects. He finds much of a novel character to in- 
terest him, and considers that Alaska presents a wide field for investiga- 
tion. On Thursday, in company with Fred. E. Frobese, he ascended 
Mount Verstovia by way of the Jamestown Bay trail, and remained on the 
summit for some six hours, during which time he secured a large number 
of species of plants and grasses growing above the timber-line. Mr. 
Wright has secured several species of flora which he believes to be as yet 
unknown to botanists. The Alaskan grasses in Mr. Wright’s collection 
will be presented to the Department of Agriculture at Washington, and 
the flowering plants will be given to the Academy of Sciences at San 
Francisco and the State University of California, located at Berkeley. 
Very few insects have as yet been found by Mr. Wright during his search, 
and those discovered are of no particular value or interest. 


Locusts 1v Morocco.—Some curious information in regard to locusts — 
in Morocco is contained in the last British Consular report from Mogador. 
During the Spring the country was ravaged by immense swarms of the 
insects, which were first reported from the southern province of Soos 


1891. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 163 


about the end of October, were overrunning the neighboring land of Haba 
and Shiadma by the end of November, and were subsequently heard of 
in various parts of the interior, and still later from the important grain- 
producing districts round Mazagan and Casablanca. Late reports from 
Mazagan were that they were settling down there, and busy laying their 
eggs, which caused great anxiety for the Spring crops, the young locusts, 
though unable to fly, being even more unsparing in their devastations 
than the adult insects. In addition to the damage done to green crops, 
groves of olive and almond trees were stripped of their bark in several 
districts, where the next yield of oil and almonds will be seriously affected. 
In some places farmers had to hurriedly gather their olives before they 
were ripe to save them from the voracious insects. No general and con- 
tinued measures are taken, as in Algeria and Australia, against these 
pests, the only way in which their numbers seem to be materially reduced 
being the collection of large quantities for sale as food among the natives, 
They are not “unclean’’ to either Jew or Mohomedan, though prawns, 
to which they are compared in flavor by some Europeans who have tasted 
them, are not eaten. Taken into the town in camel loads in heaping 
sackfuls of ruddy brown or greenish yellow insects (the first-color in Au- 
tumn, the latter in Spring); they are first boiled in salt and water, then ~ 
fried or parched. The same method seems to have been in vogue, ac- 
cording to old writers, early in the last century. When properly preserved 
the locust was looked upon as a convenient form of food for travelers to 
take with them on the road. A fearsome story -was recently told in the 
Mellah, or Jew’s quarter of Mogador, that two little children, sent to fetch 
water at a village in Shiadma not returning, their parents went in search 
of them and found only a heap of bones thickly covered with locusts. 
It was further reported that a consignment of locusts from that district 
came in and was sold chiefly in the Mellah, and that many Jews fell ill in 
consequence of having unwittingly partaken of insects which had eaten 
human flesh.—Zondon Times. 


Identification of Insects (Imagos) for Subscribers. 


Specimens will be named. under the following conditions: 1st, The number of speci- 
mens to be unlimited for each sending; 2d, The sender to pay all expenses of transporta- 
tion and the insects to become the property of the American Entomological Society ; 
3d, Each specimen must have a number attached so that the identification may be an- 
nounced accordingly. Address all packages to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws, Academy Natural 
Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. 


164 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [October, 


Entomological Literature. 


ComPTE RENDU. SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE BELGIQUE, June 6, ’gI. 
—Descriptions of new species of Clytridae and Eumolpide,* by E. Le- 
fevre; Colaspis chrevrolati, St. Domingo, n. sp. Coleoptera of Eastern 
Africa,* by L. Fairmaire; Hasumius, Selomothus, Dichotymus, Blosyri- 
dius n. gen. A new genus of Myrmecide,* by A. Forel; Aeromyrma. 
Note on the Chrysochroides,* by C. Kerremans. Additions and annota- 
tions to the lists of indigenous carnivorous Coleoptera and Lamellicorns, 
by A. P. de Borre.~July 4. Entomological miscellanies. IV. Diagnoses 
of Madagascan Phytophaga,* by A. Duvivier; Menioporus, Neodera, 
Sanckia, Metopedema, Cynortella, n. gen. . 


BULLETIN DE LA SOCIETE PHILOMATHIQUE DE PaRIS 3¢€ Serie, III, 2, 
1891.—On the function of the sting in Heterodera schachtii; On the buccal 
apparatus in the Phyrganids, by J. Chatin. On the resistance to asphyxia 
by submersion in some insects, by M. Devaux. Note on the structure of 
the venomous glands of Araneids, by P. Gaubert. 


Le NATURALISTE (Paris), Aug. 1, 1891.—Two new Parnassius from 


Central Asia,* by L. Austaut.—Aug. 15. Habits and metamorphoses of 
Erastria scitula Ramb., a nocturnal lepidopter, by Capt. Xambeu. 


JAHRESBERICHT DES VEREINS FUR NATURKUNDE ZU ZWICKAU (Saxony), 
1890; Zwickau, 1891.—The Gall formations (Zoocecidz) of the German 
vascular plants, an introduction to their identification, by Dr. D. H. R. 
von Schlechtendal. 


NOTES FROM THE LEYDEN MUSEvM, xiii, 2, April, 1891.—Descriptions 
of new species of Curculionide,* by W. Roelofs. List of the Lepidop- 
terous insects collected by Mr. A. G. Vorderman in the island of Billiton, 
by P. C. T. Snellen. 


CompTE RENpDv. L’ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES (Paris), July 27, 1891.— 
Contributions to the natural history of a cochineal, Rhizecus falcifer 
Kunck., discovered in the green houses of the Museum and living on the 
roots of the vine in Algeria, by J. K. d’Herculais and F. Saliba. 


IL NATURALISTA SICILIANO (Palermo), May, June, July, 1891.—Cata- 
logues of the Coleoptera of Sicily, by E. Ragusa. Entomological note 
on some species of the genus Reicheia and of the genus Mylabris (Bru- 
chus), by F. Baudi. 


ERTESITO Az ERDELYI MUZzEUM-EGYLET ORvosS-TERMESZETTUDO- 


MANYI SZAKOSZTALYABOL (Proceedings of the Medical and Natural Sci- 


ence Section of the Transylvanian Museum Union), xvi, 1, 2, 3, 1891.— 


Carabus violaceus L. var. Wolfi Dej. L. v. Mehely. List of the Lepid- 
optera usually occurring at Klausenberg, by A. Pachinger. Contributions 
to the Orthopterous fauna of Szilagyer Comitates, by J. Pungur. we 


: 


* Contains new species other than North American. 


1891. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 165 


ANNALS OF THE QUEENSLAND MusEvy, No. 1, Brisbane, 1891.—Syno- 
nymical catalogue of the Lepidoptera Rhopalocera (butterflies) of Aus- 

tralia, with full bibliographical reference, including descriptions of some 
new species, by W. H. Miskin. 


ZEITSCHRIFT DER DEUTSCHEN GEOLOGISCHEN GESELLSCHAFT, xiii, 4, 
Berlin, 1891.—Contributions to the knowledge of the fossil Arachnida, by 
E. Haase; two plates. 


BERLINER ENTOMOLOGISCHE ZEITUNG, xxxvi, July, 1891.—Orthoptero- 
logical contributions, [V: The Pseudophyllidz of Africa;*} three plates; 
List of the Acridiodz collected by Dr. Paul Preuss in Cameroons,* figs. ; 
Sumatran. Phaneropteride, figs., by F. Karsch. New beetles from East 
Africa,*t by G. Quedenfeldt. Greek Heteroptera collected by E. von 
Oertzen and J. Emge,* by O. M. Reuter. Communications on Gallflies 
from Kreise Siegen,* one plate; Three new gallflies,* by E. H. Rubsaamen. 
Prussian Amber Beetles, new forms from the Helm collection in the 
’ Dantzig Provincial Museum,*t by C. Schaufuss. On the Hymenopterous 
genera Zvania and Gasteruption,* by E. Taschenberg. On some North 
African-Chilopods,* by C. Verhoeff. A contribution to the Central Eu- 
ropean Diplopod fauna,* id., four plates. A contribution to the knowledge 
of the Saldez and Leptopods,* id., fig. Some remarks on Apidz,* id., 
- figs. On the spinning of an Aphidius larva upon Aphis(Drepanosiphum) 
platanoides Schrnk., by Dr. W. Weltner, figs. Obituary notice of Dr. 
L. W. Schaufuss, with portrait. 


RENDICONTO DELL ’ACCADEMIA DELLE SCIENZE FISICHE E MATHE- 
MATICHE (Sezione della Societa Reale di Napoli), 2e Serie, iv, 6, June, 
1890.—Miscellanea Entomologica III: Species of Tenthredinidz from 
Greece;* A new genus of Italian Tenthredinide;* Four species of Hy- 
menoptera from Armenia;* A new species of Derocalymma,* by A. Costa. 


XV. BERICHT DER NATURFORSCHENDEN GESELLSCHAFT IN BAMBERG. 
1890.—The Hemiptera and Cicadina of the vicinity of Bamberg, by Dr. 
Funk. 


OFVERSIGT AF KONGL. VETENSKAPS-AKADEMIENS FORHANDLINGAR. 
Arg. 48, No. 6, June ro, 1891.—The African genera of Calandridz allied 
to Oxyopisthen Thomson,*} by C. Aurivillius, figs. 


ANNALES DE LA SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE BELGIQUE, xxxiv, Brux- 
elles, 1890.—Note on the Coleoptera brought from the Congo by MM. le 
Capt. Bia, Leon Cloetens, Fern. de Meuse, Joseph Duvivier and Lieut. 
Paul Lemarinel. Jist of the species and new descriptions,* by A. Du- 
vivier. Catalogue of the Ichneumonidz of Belgium belonging to the 
group Tryphonide,* by Dr. Jacobs and: Dr. Tosquinet. Essay on the 
Malacoderms of Belgium, by E. Rousseau. 


* Contains new species other than North American. + Contains new genera. 


‘ 


166 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [October, 


DEUTSCHE ENTOMOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT (Iris, Dresden, iv, x), 
Jahrgang, 1891, Lepidopterological No. 1, Berlin, 1891.—On the syste- 
matic classification of the butterflies, by Dr. E. Haase. List of the Le- 
pidoptera collected in Palestine and Syria by Dr. Alphons Stubel, in-— 
cluding three new species,* by H. Calberla. On a collection of Lepidoptera 
from Bangala, by Emily Mary Sharpe. New exotic Lepidoptera,* by Dr. 
O. Staudinger, two plates. A new Parnassius-form and two new Palae- 
arctic species of Arctia,* id. The Macrolepidoptera of the 2 relents 
of Dresden, by H. Steinert. 


ENTOMOLOGISCHE NACHRICHTEN, Xvii, 15; August, fee 
studies, by Dr. Kriechbaumer. On Chiastocheta (Aricia) trolli Zett., V. 
von Roder. The Zoédcecide of Lorraine (continued), by J. J. Kieffer.— 
No. 16. August, 1891. A new Ornithoptera,* by E. G. Honrath. Su- 
matran Odonata collected by Dr. L. Martin in Bindjei (Deli),* by Dr. F. 
Karsch. Tryphonid studies,* by Dr. Kriechbaumer. The Veber of 
Lorraine (concluded), by J. J. Kieffer. 


MITTHEILUNGEN DER SCHWEIZERISCHEN ENTOMOLOGISCHEN GESELL- 
SCHAFT, viii, 6, 7, Schaffhausen, 1890.—Lepidopterological gleanings,* by 
P. Ratzer. Norwegian ants and glandular cement as material for the 
nest building of ants, by Dr. A. Forel. A new Orthosia from southern 
France,* by Dr. M. Standfuss. A new /chneumon from Switzerland,* by 
Dr. Kreichbaumer. | Ephippigera, crucigera Fieb., by Dr. G. Schoch. . 
On some varieties of Carabus auronitens, by Dr. G. Stierlin. Remarks } 
on Coleoptera and description of new species,* id. On the habits of the 
Wustengrill (Brachytrypus megacephalus Serv.), by Dr. A: Forel. Col- 
lecting note (a new species of Coleoptera) and Coleoptera Helvetize (con- 
tinued), by Dr. G. Stierlin. New Hymenoptera from Madagascar,* by 
H. de Saussure. Description of some new snout beetles,* by Dr. G. 
Stierlin. 


VERHANDLUNGEN D. K. K. ZOOLOGISCH-BOTANISCHEN GESELLSCHAFT 
IN WIEN, xli, 2.—Contribution to the Microlepidopterous fauna of Dal- 
matia,* by Dr. H. Rebel. Diagnoses of new butterflies in the k. k. Natural 
History Court Museum,* by A. F. Rogenhofer. 


ANNALES DES SCIENCES NATURELLES. ZOOLOGIE 7e Serie, xi, 6, July 
20, 1891.—On some points in the history of the embryonal development 
of the praying Mantis (Mantis religiosa), by H. Viallanes; two plates. - 

MELANGES BIOLOGIQUES TIRES DU BULLETIN DE L’ACADEMIE IMPE- — 
RIALE DES SCIENCES DE ST. PETERSBOURG, xiii, 1, 1891.—Entomological 
contributions : I. Two new Central Asian species of Carabus. IJ. On the 
synonymy of some Carabids, by A. Morawitz. List of the species of the 
genus Scolytus in the collection of the Musee de I’ Academie Imperiale — 
des Sciences of St. Petersbourg,* by I. Schevyrew. ; itt 

BULLETIN DE LA SOCIETE IMPERIALE DES NATURALISTES DE Mo 
1890, No. 4; 1891.— Tarantula opiphex mihi,* by W. A. Wagner; 1 ans 


* Contains new species other than North American. <a 


1891. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. _ 167 


TRAVAUX DE LA SOCIETE DES NATURALISTES A. L’ UNIVERSITE IMPE- 
RIALE DE KHARKOW, xxiv, 1891.—List of the Evaniidz found in the gov- 
ernment of Kharkow, by W. A. Jarochewsky. 


West AMERICAN SCIENTIST, vol. vii, No. 61.—New Bombylidz from 
California, by D. W. Coquillett. Zordotus junceus n. sp., L. diversus 
n. sp., Zoxophora vasta n. sp. 


TRANSACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE, 
vol. xxiii, 1890.—Further Coccid notes, with descriptions of new species ~ 
from New Zealand, Australia and Fiji, by W. M. Maskell. The habits 
_ and life-history of the New Zealand‘ Glowworm, by G. V. Hudson. On 
New Zealand Cicade, by G. V. Hudson. A few words on the Codlin- 
moths Carpocapsa pomonella and Cacecia excessana, by G. V. Hudson. 
New species of Lepidoptera, by E. Meyrick. On new species of Aranez, 
by A. T. Urquhart. On the occurrence of Danais archippus and Sphina 
convolvuli (?) in Nelson, by R. I. Kingsley. 


THE JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY, vol. xxiii, No. 146.—On the 
tongues of the British Hymenoptera Anthophila, by Edward Saunders. 
Vol. xx, Nos. 124-25.—Notes on the zodlogy of Fernando Noronha, by 
H. N. Ridley. Insects, excepting Coleoptera, by W. F. Kirby. Coleop- 
tera, by C. O. Waterhouse. 


ENTOMOLOGIST’s MONTHLY MAGAZINE, September 9.—Entomological 
notes from Port Darwin, by J. J. Walker. Larva of Zupoecila geyeriana, 
by N. M. Richardson. New genera of Agdistidz and Pterophoride, by 
Lord Walsingham. Notes on British and exotic Coecide, by J. W. 
Douglas. Above paper describes two new species, Orthezia occidentalis 
from Colorado, and Orthezia prelonga from Trinidad. On two species 
of Ficatis found in Japan, by S. Lewis. Notes on food-plants of Thec/a. 
rubi, by R. M. Prideux. Stenophylax alpestris in Yorkshire, by G. T. 
Porritt. Nothochrysa capitata near Weymouth, by N. M. Richardson. 
Dufourea vulgaris at Cobham Surrey, by E. Saunders. Various captures 
in June and July, by C. W. Dale. On oviposition and ovipositor in certain 
Lepidoptera, by John H. Wood. 


THE ENTOMOLOGIST, vol. xxiv, No. 338.—Cxcullia verbasci and its 
allies (with plate), by Richard South. A preliminary list of the insect 
fauna of Middlesex, by T. D. A. Cockerell. Entomology of Granada 
and its neighborhood, by F. A. Walker. Contributions to the chemistry 
of insect colors, by F. H. P. Coste. Notes, news, captures, etc. Doings 
of societies. 


Opituary.—The death is announced of Mr. Ferdinand Grut, mL..S., 
who was at one time vice-president of the Entomological Society of Lon- 
don, and also occupied other important positions in the Society at various 
times. 


168 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [October, 


Doings of Societies. 


THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON.—February 5, 1891. 
Mr. Schwarz presented for publication descriptions of two North American 
species of the Cuculionid genus Phydobius, and one of them he considered 
to be identical with the European P. ve/atus. The other is described under 
the name of PA. griseomicans. Mr. Schwarz also spoke of the diffi- 
culty in recognizing, from the descriptions, the North American species 
of Pityophthorus and pointed out that only secondary sexual charac- 
ters seemed to offer a satisfactory criterion for the separation of many 
closely allied species. The Pityophthorus so common under bark of 
Liquid Amber is not P. annectens as formerly assumed by him, but is 
identical with the species occurring under bark of Sumach, and which is 
named in collections P. consimilis. Discussed by Messrs. Riley and 
Schwarz. 

Prof. Riley introduced the question of what, strictly speaking, is a co- 
coon, and said that he was strongly of the opinion that this term should 
not be applied to cells formed by the hollowing out of plant substances, 
such as the end, stalk or crown of plants, or to cells made in the earth. 
The word “‘ cocoon,” he stated, should signify a structure composed more 
or less of silk or gluten. The others could be more strictly termed pupal 
cells or cradles. 

C. L. MARLATT, 
Recording Secretary. 


SE 
OBITUARY 


EDWARD BurGess.—‘‘ Edward Burgess, the well-known entomologist 
and yacht designer, died at Boston the early part of July, 1891. He was 
forty-three years old at the time of his death. After graduating at Har 
vard in. 1871, he was instructor in entomology for some time, and became 
well known as a student of the Diptera. He published a number of de- 
scriptive papers, and brought together a large collection. He also became 
interested in insect anatomy, and published several admirable papers upon 
this subject. His anatomy of the milk-weed butterfly, published in the 
Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History is a most admirable 
paper, and a positive contribution to knowledge.” 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws for September was mailed September 2, 1891. 


— 


“S3LISVYEYVG SNOHIJIGONIWAH 


‘IITA ‘Id TI OA ‘SMON “JUG 


pre? 


-ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION, 


' ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. 


VOL. II, _. NOVEMBER, 18o1. No. 9. 
CONTENTS: 
Van Denburg—On the method of Spin- Skinner—Elementary Entomology. ....- 177 
ning the Cocoon in acertain species Notes and NewS... .cdtaemascsess cosccconpseces 179 
Of IchneuMOnidee.........seeesererereeeseee 169 | Entomological Literature.., .......-.+++see++ 183 
Kunze—Terias nicippe on Long Island. 171 | Doings of SocietieS........::ccccsessssesreesees 187 
Skinner—A new Pamphila......-.--...-++-+ 175 
Neumoegen—On the Genus Anaea of 
OUL COUMETY.. crecresersecesreeresseroee sesene 175 


On the method of Spinning the Cocoon in a certain 
species of the Ichneumonidz. See Pl. VIII. 


By M. W. VAn DEnzBuRG, A.M., M.D., Fort Edward, N. Y. 


The larva on which there was already one set of cocoons when 
captured, belonged, apparently, to the Sphingide, was a little 
over two inches long, and had a crop of twenty-five or thirty 
cocoons already scattered along its sides. It probably fed on a 
frost grape vine, where it was captured. 

Two or three days subsequent to its capture, a fresh crop of 
parasites were discovered pushing their way into the outside 
world. ; 

When this was first observed, all the stages were in progress— 
from boring beneath the skin to half woven cocoons. Subse- 
quently many others appeared, and the whole stage from begin- 
ning to end was carefully watched. ; 

At first the little white, semi-translucent worms could be seen 
working their way up from the deeper layers toward the surface 
of the opaque green of the host’s tissues. When finally they 
reached the surface, immediately beneath the outer skin, by con- 
tinual pressure of a sharp, but soft-pointed head, and so far as 


9 


170 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. - [November, 


could be seen, by no gnawing or eating force, they finally suc- 
ceeded in pushing through a very minute extremity. 

This soon began to fill and enlarge by distention from within, 
as if the liquid contents were being forced into it from beneath 
the surface. When far enough advanced above the surface a dis- 
tinct wriggling motion could be perceived. Finally, when free 
or nearly free, the process of spinning the cocoon began. 

Bending over sidewise until the head of the little white grub 
touched the surface of its host, close to where the least fraction 
of its body still remained fastened in the hole whence it had 
emerged, the head begins to bob up and down, and from side to 
side, with a ceaseless regularity. With the naked eye this is all 
that can be seen, but under a glass enlarging four or five diame- 
ters, a very fine web is seen extending from the mouth; soon a 
fine open-meshed net begins to arise about the base and gradu- 
ally increase in height. Each time the worm only touches the 
edge of the structure, which does not wholly surround the body, 
but reaches only a little more than half its circumference. Finally, 
the meshes are brought up to the full height of the erect grub 
and roofed in as high as it can reach. 

The next step is not in all cases the same. Sometimes the open 


side is closed down to near the middle of the body, but more 


often the worm turns. end for end, and begins industriously to 
spin the white opaque cocoon from the bottom. This it does by 
the same constant motion, bending to near the middle of the body 
with each sweep of the head and carrying it to the full length of 
extension. Soon the strokes grow shorter, the little creature is 
wholly immeshed and it turns round and round, up and down, 
changes ends again and again, until it can mo longer be seen. 
Finally, after the inner glazing has been applied, it at lasts ceases 
its perpetual motion and passes into a well-earned sleep. 
The-cocoon will now be found slightly attached to the surface 
of the host by the loose meshes before described, and it may be 
removed with very little force. 
Some variations from the above should be mentioned. Occa- 
sionally a grub will begin to spin the open meshes about himself 


by the time he has only half emerged into the outer world. The 


two processes then go on simultaneously. Again, another will 
not begin this work of spinning until wholly free from the hole 


through which it has forced its way. In this case it sometimes 


1891. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 171 


falls to the surface on which the host rests, and having no method 
of locomotion, begins to spin its cocoon where it chances to fall. 
This it can do as well lying on its side as when standing on end; 
Only in the former case it passes the head from side to side, over 
the body, instead of up and down, as when perpendicular. 

As to the time occupied in the various stages—from five to eight 
minutes elapse after the worm is first discovered beneath the skin 
until the small rounded head is seen above the surface of the skin. 
Not far from ten minutes are consumed in fully freeing the body, 
while the cocoon spinning goes on visibly for at least half an hour, 
and probably continues twice to four times as long in the privacy 
of its own chamber. 

The first crop, the one upon the pupa when captured, hatched 
in about one week from the time it was taken. The second crop 
began to hatch on the tenth day from the time they first appeared. 

Unfortunately, all the perfect insects of the first lot were lost; 
they were wholly black. Of the second lot some specimens ac- 
company this paper. They all had yellowish legs, being con- 
spicuously distinguished by these from the first to appear. 

The first crop consisted of twenty-five to thirty-five cocoons; 
the second of upwards of fifty. It is worthy of remark that no 
visible mark or injury could be found under the glass at the points 
where the worms emerged from the surface of their host. 


TERIAS NICIPPE ON LONG ISLAND. 
_ By RicHARD E. Kunze, M.D. 


On Sunday morning, August 2d, this year, a rainy and threat- 
ening kind of a day, I started off with a small Cafoca/a net, ovoid 
in shape and only 5 x 8 inches in respective diameters. A friend 
-of entomological aspiration whom I met, went with me. After 
spending two hours inspecting many trees of Long Island City 
in vain, we started off in another direction, which brought us to 
the edge of a swamp and low meadows, the water of which 
empties directly into the East River. By this time the sun came 
out hot. I suggested to take in the swamp, part of which was 
good cow pasture with a solitary thistle—Cxzcum pumilum here 
and there on rising ground. On thistles I took a few Papilio 
asterias and trotlus, also sometimes ¢hysbe. Lower down as far 


172 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ November, 


as the wet meadow quantities of Hyssop—AHyssopus officinalis, 

Mountain Mint—Pycnanthemum aristatum, var. hyssopifolium, 

and Blue Vervain— Verbena hastata, were in bloom. Here I took 

many Pamphile, Argynnis myrina, a specimen of Limenitis 

disippus and a few Colias philodice, which swarmed around the 

plants of the mint family. All at once a—to me—very strange 
looking specimen with wings of a golden hue and of such con- 
trast from the color of Colias, came out from the Alder bushes, 
that it attracted my attention at once. It had a jerky flight, 
like Satyrus alope, and gave me some work before I took it with 
that small net. Shortly after I started up another male of this 
same rare visitor and took the second 7Jerias nicippe. About 
noon I saw a third male sipping moisture from the black mud 
along a cow path, and not wishing to soil the net, flushed it first, 
and, after a fruitless chase through mud and mire, lost it alto- 
gether, pursuit in that swamp of Alder—A/nus serrulata, being 
an impossibility. 

Hungry and parched, we started homeward, and sbielatia high 
ground again, my companion, Mr. Louis Kohl, drew my attention 
to a very conspicuous white flowering shrub at a distance from 
us in another part of the swamp. Thither we started, and on 
the way, near edge of swamp, I saw for the first time the food- 
plant of the larva of J. nzcippe in full bloom, which is American 
Senna— Cassia marilandica. With its masses of yellow, pea- 
flower shaped blossoms, it at first hid from my sight a female 7. 
nicippe, which was inspecting its pinnate leaves in a fluttering, 
kind of a suggestive way. I gave the net to my friend and he 
took a perfect female at the first stroke of the net. We discoy- 
ered no ova. 

As we neared the white-flowering shrub, which ptoiel to be 
Sweet-scented Pepperbush—Clethra alnifolia, we passed any 
number of Cassia marilandica from four to eight feet high, and « 
which proved the centre of attraction of 7: nicippe. These plants 
grew in submerged meadow land mostly along the edge of im- — 
passable jungle of Rhus venenata, Alnus serrulata, Acer rubra 
and a few Clethra alnifolia, intermingled with briars and the vines 
of Clematis virginiana and Ampelopsis quinguefolia. Most of 
these senna plants grew on the edge of a horseshoe-shaped piece 
of meadow, at the concave end of which stood the fragrant 
White Alder, or Pepperbush so called. This spot proved to be 


’ 


— 


1891. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 173 


the El Dorado of the day. Countless numbers of insects visited 
it, mostly Hymenoptera, some Lepidoptera, and a few Coleoptera. 
Here I took Hemaris thysbe, Pyrameis huntera, Eudamus tityrus, 
Danais archippus, Lycena pseudargiolus and also missed a Pa- 
pilio. But while busying myself with the aforementioned I was 
three times surprised by specimens of 7. nicippe, all males, which 
tried to fly past me in making the circuit of that horseshoe. Of 
these I took one more specimen which was slightly injured. 
When chased they would fly straight for the bushes and disappear. 

It was so submerged a locality that I had to cover the grass 
with an armful of Alder brush, and which did not prevent the 
soles of shoes from being out of water. Trying as this was, the 
most vexed circumstance happened after handing my net to Mr. 
Kohl, wishing him to take a zicippe, which flew hard by. He 
chased the beauty until he landed knee-deep in a meadow hole 
full of water. With an exclamation more vigorous than virtuous, 
he returned the net without the prize. During this exciting epi- 
sode, and while admiring the many forms of insect life visiting 
the showy, white racemes which terminated every branchlet, 
much like that of Larkspur (De/Dhinium) of the Pepperbush— 
a very rare and swift flyer appeared and hovered over the fragrant 
blossoms for a few seconds only. It was Aellopos titan, feeding 
within three feet of my eyes, and I with no net at hand. It was 
twice the size of a large 7. thysbe, had clear wings with a very 
dark or blackish border, and a-body as stout as that of a Smer- 
inthid. In my anxiety to take it, I put one foot forward with 
cyanide bottle in hand, when, like lightning, it disappeared as 
suddenly as it came. Other Macroglossids came, but no more 
titans. My friend afterwards took a fine male Chrysophanus | 
the, feeding on the flowers of Hyssop, in close proximity. 

August 8th I returned to same locality with my largest net and 
stood for two hours in a broiling sun taking specimens from that 
Pepperbush. While thus engaged three more male 7: nicippe 
came around the horseshoe curve and were all taken. At exactly 
1.30 P. M. A. titan struck the opposite and unapproachable side 
of the Pepperbush again. I heard but did not see plainly enough 
which intruder it was. After a very few moments I recognized 
the object plainly as it took its swift departure. 

Sunday, August 16th, myself and young friend returned to 
that sweet-scented Pepperbush early in the day and took turns 


174 | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [November i 


watching it for rarities with nets of all sizes. Up to to 1.30 P. M. took 
seven more fine specimens of 7. nicippe, all flying close by to 


their food-plant (of the larva), and suggestive of their search for. 


females. Of the whole number one, a female, was surprised ex- 
amining the leaflets of Cassia marilandica. No ova were found. 


So much poison Sumach grew everywhere beside the Senna that - 


I could not make a thorough search, it affects me with a fell viru- 


lence. My friend, Mr. L. Kohl, took a male zzcippe out of that — 


number on opposite side of swamps, where Hyssop was more 


plentiful than Senna bushes. There he captured another fine — 
male of Chrysophanus the. The flight of nécippe is peculiarly — 


low, a kind of zigzag sort of a way, which they persist in unless 


hard pursued. .S. adofe flies often higher, but otherwise not un- 


like this. species of ZYertas. Three specimens, all males, made 
their escape that day, and with the exercise of a little more care 


there was no excuse that they got away.except for the benefit of 


the species. Altogether, we captured fourteen specimens in Long 
Island City, all fresh looking and but one defective of the lot. 
No doubt exists in my mind that they were bred in this locality. 


It is reported that they have not been seen in large arpa i since 


1879 in this neighborhood. 


Another word about A. t¢itan and Clethra alnifolig, I pares . 
from 11.30 A. M. up to 1.30 P. M. parched, sunburnt. and mos- 


quito-bit, gazing at the flowers of the White Alder and now past 


their prime, without having another glimpse of that southern — 


Sphingid. I would advise all lovers of the flora and insect fauna 
to plant a sweet-scented Pepperbush in their garden. Although 
naturally found in swamps, it thrives well in any garden soil with 
_sufficient sun and water to develop its growth. Most. of the nur- 
serymen have it on sale, and it will repay any naturalist for the 
trouble of cultivating this charming plant. In swamps it attains 
a height of eight feet, in gardens from four to five, and remains 


in full bloom for nearly five weeks. Its fragrance is widespread 


and delicious. 


Wuisky 1s Buc Jurce.—Peoria, Ill., September 24th. The Distillers — 


and Cattle Feeding Company has been experimenting with the Takamine 
or Japanese process of making whisky. The distillers are so well pleased 
that they have decided to fit up the Manhattan Distillery with new ma- 
chinery. The new plan greatly reduces the cost of manufacture. A 
queer feature is that a species of bug found on the rice is used instead of 
yeast for the fermenting process.—Philadelphia Record. 


“erry 


[1891. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 175 


A NEW PAMPHILA. 
By HENRY SKINNER, M. D., Philadelphia. 


P. panoguinoides n. sp.—Expands one inch. Color brown. 
Superiors have two minute fulvous spots on the subcostal ner- 
vules and a larger spot in the disc below these. Inferiors im- 
maculate. Underside. —Superiors are same color as above, but 
of a lighter shade, with a patch of fulvous scales about one-eighth 
inch from base; the spots seen above are repeated, and there are 
two additional ones. One of these is V-shaped, and is the largest 
and situated. between the first and second median nervules. The 
last spot is near the middle of the interior margin. The inferiors” 
have a row of three white spots near the centre of the wing; they 
are half as wide as long. Head, thorax and abdomen same color 
as wings above, lighter beneath. Described from specimens from 
Key West, Fla. and Texas in the collection of I. C. Martindale, 
Esq. This species in color and size may be said to stand between 
P. panoquin and P. fusca; being smaller and darker than pano- 
guin and larger and lighter*than fusca. Approaches panoguin 
nearer than any other species, but has fewer and more indistinct 
markings. Looks very much like panoguin beneath. 


On the Genus Anza Hb. (Paphia Westw.) of Our Country. 
By B. NEUMOEGEN, New York. 


There is evidently some misunderstanding about the classifica- 
tion of the two species of Anea found in this country. W. H. 
Edwards, Prof. Scudder and Riley, and other authors have written 
on it, but the questions have never been satisfactorily settled. 

According to W. H. Edwards’ ‘‘ Revised Catalogue,’’ 1884, 
p. 45, A. (paphia) troglodyta Fabr. 

= astianax Cr. 
= glycerium Edw. (nec. Doubl.) 
= andria Scud. 
is found in our Western States, from Illinois to Texas and Neb. 

I will herewith prove that the typical ¢vog/odyta is an insect 
flying in the Antilles, and that our species should correctly bear 
the name of andria Scud. 

Dr. John Gundlach, who is an expert on the Lepidoptera of 
the West Indies, especially of Cuba and Puerto Rico, has sent 


176 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. _[November, 


me, repeatedly, in the last fifteen years, specimens identified by 
him as ¢voglodyta Fabr. Dr. Staudinger received of the same 
specimens, which always proved to be uniform in ‘coloring and 
appearance, and likewise determined them ‘as froglodyta Fabr. 
Kirby, in his Catalogue, p. 276, gives ‘‘Jamaica’’ as the home 
of troglodyta. In 1888, Dr. Staudinger published that incom- 
parable and beautifully illustrated work entitled, ‘‘ Exotic Lepid- 
optera,’’ by Dr. O. Staudinger and Dr. E. Schatz. Rhopalocera 
by Dr. Staudinger.’’ On pages 177 and 178 of this work, re- 
ferring to the revision of the genus Anza by Druce, in the ‘‘ Pro- 
ceedings of the Zoological Society of London,”’ 877 ee 
Staudinger says the following : 

‘*The genus Ane@a is found throughout the whole dein teteaag 
the neotropical fauna from Southern Brazil to Mexico and the 
Antilles, one species even flying in the Southwestern States of 
the American Union, from Illinois to Texas. The American 
authors call it troglodyta Fabr. If astianax Cr., which is always 
given as a synonym of it, really belongs to it, then it is a similar 
species, exclusively flying in the Antilles, and this is the reason 
that Scudder, in 1875, named the North American species andria 
(= Ops. Druce, p. 177, 1877).’’ 

On p. 178 he says: 

‘‘In Jamaica is found A. troglodyta Fabr., which I received 
directly from there, as well as from Sommer’s collections from. 
Hayti (Port au Prince) and Sta. Cruz. One specimen out of the 
collection of v. Schenck is marked ‘ Mexico,’ but surely did not 
come from there, but from the Antilles. This tvoglodyta has a 
long-drawn, sharply-pointed apex of primaries, and the seconda- 
ries sharply dentated from anal angle to tail. The brown prima- 
ries in both sexes show beyond the centre a black, dentated, 
transverse line, and a darker marginal band. A. andria Scud. 
(= Ops. Druce, ¢voglodyta, Edwards and Strecker) from the 
United States, resembles this insect, but the male does not show 
the transverse line; the female jhas it, but is in many ways differ- 
ent from ¢voglodyta. A. portia Fabr., which I possess from Som- 
mer’s collections in Hayti (Domingo), as well as from Cuba, I 
cannot, according to the specimens which I possess, separate as ~ 
a species from ¢roglodyta, although the black transverse line of 
the male is nearly extinct. According to the descriptions of 
Fabricius, who gives as habitat of both species ‘ America,’ there 


1891. } ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 177 


is a slight possibility that portia may be the Antilles form and — 
troglodyta the North American, but it can never be decided with 
certainty.”” 

Now, according to what Dr. Staudinger, Dr. Gundlach, W. 
F. Kirby and Druce, all good authorities, say, on this point, the 
home of ¢voglodyta is the Antilles, and our North American rep- 
resentative is a different insect, which should bear the name of 
andria Scud. | 

I, for my part, can only add that on a first, even superficial 
glance, every body can at once see that the West Indian insect 
troglodyta is entirely different from ours. A bright, reddish brown 
color well marked, transverse lines and bands, the anal part of 
margin of secondaries, well scalloped and longer tails, show it 
‘conclusively. 

A. Morrisonii Edw., of which I possess the types, is nearer to 
troglodyta than andria, but a smaller insect, of duller brown, 
and with slight indications only of the transverse line of primaries. 

All the European authors have adhered to the name of Anza 
Hiib., instead of Paphia, and I do not see why we should not 


follow in their footsteps. I, therefore, propose that in the new. 


Check List of North America Lepidoptera the names stand: 


Anea Hiib. 
andria Scud. 
= glycerium_Edw. 1871 (nec. Doubl.). 
= Ops. Druce, 1877. 
Western States, Illinois to Nebraska. 
Morrisonti Edw. 
Arizona, Mexico. 


oO 


ELEMENTARY ENTOMOLOGY. 


In studying Lepidoptera it is necessary to have a knowledge 
of certain anatomical details which can only be learned from in- 
seption and dissection of the specimens themselves. The classifi- 
cation is based on the difference in structure of various parts—as 
the head, body, legs, antennz, and venation of the wings. Slight 
changes in these parts separate them into families, genera and 
species. Size and coloration are also taken into account, and 
are good characters, although subject to individual variation. 


178 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. _ [November, _ 


The Rhopalocera, or Diurnals, are divided into four families: 
the Nympalide, Lycenide, Papilionidee and Hesperide. The 
first family mentioned is the most extensive one, containing the 
greatest number of species. The butterflies in this family may — 
be distinguished from the others by the structure of the front 
legs in both sexes, which, on examination, will be found to be 
aborted or atrophied. The chrysalids of the butterflies of this 
family are suspended by the tail and hang downward. “ Al- 
though other families coritain butterflies which vie with the Nym- _ 
phalidz in lustrous beauty, this largest family contains upon the 
whole by far the greatest number and variety of striking forms, 
whether we consider the butterfly, the egg, the caterpillar, or the 
chrysalis. Moreover, they are the forms which are most com- 
monly seen and noticed by those who have but a popular interest — 
in natural history, for they are the butterflies par excellence of 
the temperate zone, of the region where civilization has most — 
flourished and the praises of Nature have been most sounded by 
-the poets. It is from the transformation of this group of butter- 
flies that ancient mythology has drawn inspiration. The very 
name chrysalis, the ‘golden thing’ of the Greeks, was drawn 
from observation.of this family, where alone the pupa often as- 
sumes a golden hue. And it is not strange that they should have 
so observed them, for of all butterflies these are the most spritely 
and vivacious, the most audacious, most fond of propinquity to 
man and his cultivations. and endowed with most varied psycho- 
logical traits.’’* 

The Nymphalide are divided into four subfamilies: the Saty- 
rine, Euploeine, Nymphaline and Libytheine. These further 
divisions are characterized as follows: In the Satyrinee some of 
the nervures of the forewings are swollen at the base, and the 
palpi are slender, compressed, heavily fringed with long scale- 
hairs. In the Euploeine none of the nervures are swollen; palpi 
rather stout, not greatly compressed, the fringe slight, short and 
delicate; antennzee naked. The Nymphalinz have the palpi not — 
so long’ as the thorax; fore legs of both sexes atrophied and im- 
perfect. In the Libytheinze have the palpi much longer than the 
thorax; fore legs of male atrophied, of female normal, except in 
being shorter than the others. The family Lyczenide is made up 
of small.and delicate butterflies of generally bright color and 

* Butterflies of the Eastern United States and Canada.—S. H. Scudder. 


1891.) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 179 


delicate wings. The Structure of the fore legs this family stands 
midway between the Nymphalidz and the Papilionide. The fore 
legs of the female are always perfectly formed, though usually 
slightly smaller than the middle pair; while those of the male are 
always more or less atrophied, yet never to the extent that pre- 
vails among the Nymphalide. The family Lyceenide is divided 
into two subfamilies: the Lemoniinz and Lycenine. The Le- 
moniinz are distinguished by having the labial palpi minute, only 
the minute apical joint surpassing the face; fore wings provided 
with a distinct internal nervure; hind wings scarcely channeled to 
receive the abdomen, furnished with a precostal nervure, the 
costal nervure only running to the middle of the costal margin; 
fore tarsi of male, with rare exceptions, without spines or claws. 
The Lyceeninz have the labial palpi well developed, porrect, half 
or more of the middle joint surpassing the face; fore wings with 
excessively brief, hardly perceptible, internal nervure; hind wings 
channeled on basal half to receive the abdomen, without a pre- 
costal nervure, the costal nervure running nearly to the end of 
the costal margin; fore tarsi of male armed abundantly beneath 
and at tip with spines. [This article is largely made up from the 
excellent treatise on classification in Scudder’s ‘‘ Butterflies of the 
Eastern United States and Canada.’’ |—Eb. 


Notes and News. 
ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS 
OF THE GLOBE. 


[The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL NeEws solicit, and will thankfully receive items 
of news, likely to interest its readers, from any source. The author’s name will be given 
in each case for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.] 


In the future. all papers received for publication in the News will be 
printed according to date of reception. 


TueE following may perhaps be of interest to the readers of the ENTo- 
MOLOGICAL NEws, especially to any such as are particularly interested in 
the Dragon Fly and its life habits. It is concerning the time required for 
the nymph forms of the larger species of Zschna to mature. According 
to all the writings by entomologists to which I have had access, little is 

_ definitely known about this part of the subiect. Some of them, and among 
them Packard claims that two or three years is required for the growth 
of the nymph from the time it hatches from the egg until the winged form 
appears. During the past Summer I had an opportunity to settle this 


180 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ November, 


point as far as the species Anvaa junius is concerhed. In Franklin Park, 
in this city (Columbus, O.), a small lake was dug last Winter in a place 
which was before entirely dry and well drained, and during the last of 
April and the first of May this lake was filled with water from the city 
water-works pipes, which IT am sure contain do dragon fly nymphs; and 
on the 30th day of August last, the shores of this artificial lake were 
literally lined with the exuvia of Anaaz junius nymphs; so they could not 
have been older than four months at the utmost. I saw the first Aaa 
Junius flying in the last week of April, and I think I am safe in saying 
that none appeared much earlier, as I was on a special lookout for them. 

PAUL FIscHER, Columbus, O. 


CANNIBALISTIC HABITS OF THE CRICKET.—In the ‘‘Canadian Ento- 
mologist,’’ vol. xxiii, p. 137, Mr. Wm. Brodie cites several cases of canni- 
balism that came under his notice. My attention was first called to the 
cannibalistic habits of the cricket some four years ago while bass fishing 
in the upper Delaware River. Wishing to make an early start, I had taken 
the precaution to secure my bait the evening previous; part of the bait 
consisted of about fifty large crickets, which I placed in a good-sized tin- 
box; the next morning I was surprised to find only thirty-five live crickets 
in the box, with the legs, heads and other hard parts of the missing fifteen. 
The day selected for fishing turned out to be a rainy one, so our trip was 
postponed; the box of crickets was laid aside, and the next morning on 
examining the contents of the box I was not surprised to find about ten 
more missing. I now determined to use the remaining crickets for an 
experiment; I kept the box in my room, and on several occasions on ap- 
proaching the box very carefully and peeping in, I would be rewarded for 
my trouble by sights of cannibalism. In a week or ten days I removed 
the contents of the box, which consisted of some eight or ten large, fat 
crickets, and an innumerable mass of legs, heads and other hard parts of 
crickets. In this case it was no doubt the survival of the fittest (or fattest), 
the stronger overcoming the weaker.—PHILIP LAURENT. 


INsEcTs BLocK THE TRACK.—Syracuse, N. Y., May 31st. South of 
Brighton Corners, between this place and Jamesville, on the D., L. and 
W. R. R. are extensive limestone quarries, which have been in operation 
for many years, and have penetrated deeply into the rock. Through the 
cut thus made, and into the quarries a branch track has been laid from the 
Lackawanna road for the accommodation of the hewn stone. Night work — 
being necessary, a large part of the time, an arc light has been placed 
high over the track at the darkest part of the cut. 

Several cars were loaded with stone for shipment on Friday and left 
on the switch, pending the observation of Memorial Day. To-night, in 
preparation for drawing the cars out, the electric light was cut in and an 
engine with the necessary crew left from the city for the quarries. Upon 
reaching the cut the track was found to be covered for sixty feet on either 
side with strange insects of immense proportions. The swarm was so 
great that the engine became stallen, the rails having become so slippery 


1891. } ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 181 


from the crushed insects. Examination of the new insects shows a re- 
semblance to what is known as the electric light bug, though the new 
comer is much larger. 

The outer shell of the back is about the size and shape of half an egg- 
shell, which, when crushed by the engine wheels, gave out a crackling 
sound like the explosion of a toy torpedo. The shell is black, of a slatey 
structure and very brittle. It is supposed to be a species of lithedome— 
a rock-boring mollusk—crossed with some kind of predatory insects. 

To secure the shipment of the freight to-night it became necessary to 
let the loaded train from above in the quarry come down the grade of the 
cut. Gathering momentum all the time, its impetus, when it came to the 
obstruction, carried it by the bugs.— Boston Daily Traveller. 


SPRAYED GRAPES ARE HARMLEss.—Albany, September 29th. State 
Entomologist, John A. Lintner, regards the recent activity of New York 
City’s Board of Health as misdirected, and thinks the grape growers and 
dealers whose grapes were seized and condemned, have a good cause of 
action against the health officers. He declares that the grapes were not 
poisoned, and those having the most suspicious spots could have been 
dipped in a solution of water and vinegar and thoroughly cleansed. 

Prof. I.intner says that last Winter he met the grapegrowers of the Hud- 
son Valley, and together they discussed the best methods of killing insects. 
that infest grape-vines, and decided in favor of this Bordeaux mixture. 
Its only bad feature was that it clung to the grapes after maturity. The 
mixture contains copper, but in such minute quantities that a person would 
have to eat a ton of grapes to get enough poison in his system to kill him. 
Hence he considers the wholesale destruction of the grapes in New York 
City as foolish in the extreme and not warranted by any consideration for 
the public health.—Zvening Siar. 


“In NATURE,” notes Mr. R. T. Lewis, on the authority of a correspon- 
dent in whose trustworthiness he has entire confidence, gives a curious 
account of the appreciation with which the song of the Cicada is heard 
by insects other than those of its own genus. The correspondent has 
frequently observed in Natal that when the Cicada is singing its loudest, 
in the hottest portion of the day, it is attended by a number of other in- 
sects with lovely gauze-like, irridescent wings, whose demeanor has left 
no doubt on his mind that the music is the attraction. The Cicada, when 
_ singing, usually stations itself upon the trunk of a tree with its head up- 
permost, and the insects in question, to the number sometimes of fifteen 
or sixteen, form themselves into a rough semicircle at a short distance’ 
around its head. During a performance one of the insects was observed 
occasionally approach the Cicada and to touch it upon its front leg or an- 
tennz, which proceeding was resented by a vigorous stroke of the foot 
by the Cicada, without, however, any cessation of its song. The insects 
composing the audience are extremely active; and so wary that they take 
flight at the least alarm on the too near approach of any intruder. Some 
of them, however, have been captured; and on examination these proved 


182 ENTOMOLOGICAL ‘NEWS. [ November, 


to belong to the same family as that most beautiful of British insects—the 
lace-wing fly, which, indeed, they closely resemble, except as to size, 
their measurement across the expanded wings being a little over two 
inches; they have since been identified by Mr. Kirby at the British Mu- 
seum as Nothochrysa gigantea. 


THE PLAGUE OF Locusts IN ALGERIA.—Sir Lambert Playfair in his 
last report on Algerian agriculture remarks on the spread of locusts from 
the eastern part of the province, to which they had hitherto for the most 
part confined their ravages, to the central regions. Until the eminent 
entomologist, D’Herculais, studied the matter carefully, no specific distinc- 
tion amongst the locust was recognized. He has now shown that there are 
two species, belonging to separate genera, each of which has very marked 
peculiarities. These are, the best known or the Biblical species, Acridium 
perligrinum, and the Strauronotus maroccanus. Their habits are quite 
different; the former generally arriving suddenly about April or May, in 
immense flights, and devastating the green crops. The females penetrate 
deeply into the moist earth and deposit their eggs, from 80 to 90 in num- 
ber, enclosed in a cocoon. Two months afterwards the young locusts or 
crickets are hatched; they grow rapidly, get their wings in 45 days, and 
then continue their career of devastation far in advance. The other spe- 
cies appear in a winged state in July and August; they also Tavage what 
green exists at that season, and the females deposit their eggs at a much 
less depth than the others, generally on rocky ground. The cocoons do 
not contain more than 30 or 4o eggs, and they remain without being 
hatched till the Spring of the following year. The first species finds in 
Central Africa the most favorable circumstances for its development; the 
second, in more temperate countries, such as the Mediteranean region, 
and even the Caucasus, Crimea and Asia Minor. It is the latter that has 
ravaged Algeria during the last few years, but about the middle of De- 
cember last the arrival of flights of the Acridium was reported from 
several of the oases of the extreme south. 

Fortunately, man is not the only enemy of the locust. ‘Starlings and 
Larks feed eagerly on the eggs; wagon-loads of these birds used con- | 
stantly to be sent to the French market, but now the killing of them has 
been prohibited in the province of Constantine. The larve of the Bom- 
byx cantharis and other insects, also get into the cocoons, and often kill 
from ten to fifty per cent. of the eggs, while minute cryptogamic organ- 
isms destroy many more. The’ best method of contending against the 
locust has been very carefully studied. Much has been accomplished by 
ploughing the ground deeply as soon as possible after the eggs have been 
laid, so as to bring them to the surface, and thus allow them to become 
an easy prey to birds and insects. 


1891. | _ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. . 183 


Identification of Insects (Imagos) for Subscribers. 


Specimens will be named under the following conditions: 1st, The number of speci- 
mens to be unlimited for each sending; 2d, The sender to pay all expenses of transporta- 
tion and the insects to become the property of the American Entomological Society ; 
3d, Each specimen must have a number attached so that the identification may be an- 
nounced accordingly. Address all packages to ENTOMOLOGICAL News, Academy Natural 
Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. 


Entomological Literature. 


_ LEprIpopTeERA HETEROCERA in the British Museum part 8.—Illustrations 

of typical specimens of Lepidoptera-Heterocera in the collection of the 
British Museum. The Lepidoptera-Heterocera of the Nilgiri district, by 
George Francis Hampson, 144 pp. plates 139 to 156. Tltese are fine col- 
ored lithographic plates, and contain many figures. 


THE ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL History, vol. viii, No. 45. 
—Descriptions of two new species of Lyczenidz from West Africa, in the 
collection of Mr. Philip Crowley, by Emily Mary Sharpe. 


MEMOIRS AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE MANCHESTER LITERARY AND 
PHILOSOPHICAL Society, 1890--91.—Hymenoptera Orientalis; or, Contri- 
butions to a knowledge of the Hymenoptera of the Oriental zoological 
region, by P. Cameron. 


JOURNAL OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, vol. lix, pt. 2, Suppl. 
No. 2.—Catalogue of the Insecta of the Oriental region. No. 4, Order 
Coleoptera, Families Dytiscide, Gyrinidz, Pausside, Hydrophilide, Sil- 
phidz, Corylophidze, Scydmznidz, Pselaphidz, Staphylinidze. Vol. Ix, 
part 2, No.1. A list of butterflies of Engano, with some remarks on the 
Danaidz, by William Doherty, Cincinnati, U. S. A. New and rare Ly- 
cenidz, by William Doherty. 


THE REPORT OF THE STATE HorTICULTURAL ASSOCIATION OF PENN- 
SYLVANIA contains ‘‘A pen sketch (with portrait) of Dr. S. S. Rathvon, 
Professor of Entomology,’’ by T. W. Goding, Rutland, Tll- 


ON A BACTERIAL DISEASE by S. A. Forbes, Ph. D. (reprint from the 
“North American Practitioner,’ September, 1891.) The paper describes 
the internal anatomy of the chinch bug Alissus leucopterus, and gives an 
account of the Micrococcus insectorum which is found in the alimentary 
canal. This subject of bacterial disease is a very interesting and impor 
tant one not only to the economic entomologist, but to the general 
bacteriologist. 


LE NATURALISTE (Paris), Sept. 1, 1891.—Some different galls produced 
by Acarines on vegetables, by M. Menegaux, figs. Description of a new 
Hecatera, by P. Dognin. 


184 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ November, 


BULLETIN OF THE OHIO AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION, vol. iv, 
No. 5.—This contains an article on the wheat midge, Dip/osis tritici Kby., 
by Prof. F. M. Webster. Figures are given of the insect, its stages and 
anatomy, and a complete history of its ravages, etc., in various parts of 
the countiy. 


INDEX TO THE KNOWN FossIL INSECTS OF THE WORLD, including My- 
riapods and Arachnids, by Samuel H. Scudder.—This is Bulletin of the 
U. S. Geological Survey, No. 71. This is a large work of 744 pages, and 
the author states that he believes it to be practically complete, and says: 
‘‘ With the view of furthering study in the too neglected field of fossil in- 
sects, I transmit for publication the card catalogue of described fossil 
insects which I have used for twenty years, and kept constantly up to date.’” 


The great value of this book as a work of reference can be seen at a 


glance, and all workers in this field as well as entomologists in general, 
are indebted to Mr. Scudder, whose industry and talent as a writer are 
phenomenal. 


BULLETIN DE LA SOCIETE PHILOMATHIQUE DE Paris (8), III, 3, 1891.— 
Patellary Glands of Araneids, by P. Gaubert. 


REVUE BIOLOGIQUE DU NORD DE LA FRANCE (Lille), September, 18gr. 
—On the presence of Cecidomyia sisymbrit Schk. at Chinon, by Dr. H. 
Fockeu. 


JOURNAL DE L’ ANATOMIE ET DELA PHYSIOLOGIE NORMALES ET PATH- 
OLOGIQUES, etc., xxvii, 3, Paris, 1891.—Abstract genealogy of Arthro- 
pods: Determination of the typical forms, (concluded), by A. Segond 


ZEITSCHRIFT FUR WISSENSCHAFTLICHE MIKROSCOPIE UND FUR MI- 
KROSCOPISCHE TECHNIK, viii, 2, Braunschweig, 1891.—Methods in em- 
bryological researches on insect eggs, by Dr. H. Henking. 


ComPpTE RENDU. SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE BELGIQUE, Aug. I, 
1891.—List of the Carabidze (order Coleoptera) obtained by Pere Cardon 
in Bengal, and chiefly from Chota-Nagpore,* by H. W. Bates. Contribu- 
tions to the Belgian fauna (Hemiptera, Coleoptera), by A. J. F. Fokker. 
Dichotomous tables for the determination of the Belgian species of Cole- 
optera Heteromera, by L. Coucke. : 


BULLETIN DE LA SOCIETE LINNEENNE DE NORMANDIE (4), v, 2, Caen, 
1891.—The Anthonomus of the apple tree, by E. Lecoeur; 1 pl. The use 
of tarred bands against the caterpillars of Chematodia, id. 


ARCHIV FUR NATURGESCHICHTE, lvii, I Bd., 2 heft, Berlin, July, 1891. 
—The sound apparatus of the Dytiscide, by H. Reeker; 1 pl. Descrip- 
tion of a hermaphrodite Arthropod, by Dr. P. Bertkau; 1 pl. (a Zycosa). 


IL NATURALISTA SICILIANO (Palermo), August and September, 1891.— 
Catalogues of the Coleoptera of Sicily,* by E. Ragusa. 


* Contains new species other than North American. 


——_ 2 


1891. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 185 


Le NATURALISTE (Paris), No. 110, Nov. 1, 1891.—The tertiary insects 
of North America from the works of M. Scudder, by Dr. E. Trouessart. 
The wandering cricket, Acridium pelegrinum (concluded), ad C. Brong- 
‘niart. 


JAHRESHEFTE DES VEREINS FUR VATERLANDISCHE NATURKUNDE IN 
WuRTTEMBERG, xlvii, Stuttgart, 1891.—On some 7Zyhripfs injurious to 
grain, by Dr. E. Hofmann. Roser’s Hemipterous fauna of ia alee 
published by Dr. T. Hueber. 


ANALES DE LA SOCIEDAD CIENTIFICA ARGENTINA, xXxxii, No. 1, 
Buenos Ayres, July, 1891.—Dyscophus onthophagus, a new cavern-dwel- 
ling cricket from Uruguay, by Dr..C. Berg, No. 2, August, 1891. Argen- 
tine Dipterology (Syrphide), by F. L. Arribalzaga (to be continued). 


DEUTSCHE ENTOMOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT, JAHRGANG 1891, 1 heft, 
Berlin, June, 1891.—A new Lucanid of the group Cladognathide from 
Java,* On Sclerostomus fasciatus Germain, by G. Albers. Description 
of the larva and the female of Homadisus suturalis, by Dr. P. Bertkau; 1 
pl. Cochliophorus nov. gen. of Meloidz,* by K. Escherich. List of the 
Snout Beetles collected near Djizak, Tschimkent and Nauka,* by J. Faust. 
[Additions] to the list of German beetles,* by K. Fuegner. Collecting 
notes for 1890, by J. Gerhardt (Coleoptera). Rectification of the hitherto 
described species of Castalia, by Dr. K. M. Heller; Microcastaiia n. g. 
Remarks on Herr Wilkins’ work on the Cicindelidz of Turkestan, by W. 
Horn. Cicindela inscripta Zoubk. new to Europe, Cetonia floricola var. 
Fausti, Smaragdesthes subsuturalis n. sp. from Congo, Ptyllopertha hu- 
meralis n. sp. from Asia Minor, On the Greek T7richophorus Schaumi 
Cand., On Diacanthus sulcatus Cand. from Silesia, On the African Cetonid 
genus Stethodesma Bainbr., On Tmesorrhina concolor Westw. and allied 
species,* On A. Kuwert’s Identification table of European Coleoptera, 
xxii, heft, Heteroceridz, On the genus Avaazzia Fel de Saulcy, The va- 
rieties of 7richius rosaceus Voet., T. gallicus Heer, T. fasciatus L., all 
by Dr. G. Kraatz. Systematic review of the species and genera of Pas- 
salidze, by A. Kuwert. New Coleoptera from Europa, the surrounding 
countries and Siberia, with remarks on known species, twelfth part, The 
true Cetonid genera and the species known to me from Europe and the 
surrounding countries,* by E. Reitter. Lezstus elegans n. sp.,* by C. 
Rost. Supplement to the Thuringian beetle fauna, by C. Schenkling. 
Sixth contribution to the knowledge of the German beetle fauna, by J. 
Schilsky. Revision of the palaearctic species of the Elaterid genus 
Agriotes Eschsch.;* 2 plates, Two new Elaterids from Syria and Mada- 
gascar, by O. Schwarz. A new East African Cicindela, by A. Srnka. 
Brumus trivittatus n. sp. from the Suaheli coast, 7vachodius tibialis n. 
sp. from Macugnaga, Known and new Chrysomelidz from Spain I, How 
many species does the genus Sclerophedon contain?, On varieties of Phy- 
todecta, all by J. Weise. 


* Contains new species other than North American. 


g* 


186 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.. [November, 


ENTOMOLOGISCHE NACHRICHTEN, xvii, 17, Berlin, September, 1891.— 
Osmia studies,* by H. Friese; figs. Two new South American Libellu- 
lide, by Dr. F. Karsch; Platyplaa n. gen. Pimpla species from Norder- 
ney and three new varieties,* by C. Verhoeff. No. 18, Sept. 1891. Criti- 
cism of the system of the Aeschnidz,* Dr. F. Karsch. 


Le NATURALISTE (Paris), Sept. 15, 1891.—Description of a new Lepid- 
opter,* by P. Dognin. 

SPECIES DES HYMENOPTERES D’EUROPE ET D’ALGERIE FONDE PAR 
EDMOND ANDRE ET CONTINUE SOUS LA DIRECTION SCIENTIFIQUE DE 
ERNEST ANDRE, 39€ Fascicule, July 1, 1891, forming pp. 1-88 of tome vi, 
Chrysides,* by Robert du Buysson; 2 plates. 4oe Fascicule, Oct. 1, 1891, 
forming pp. 57-136 of tome v; 2 plates. 

ARCHIVES DE ZOOLOGIE EXPERIMENTALE ET GENERALE, 2€ Serie, ix, 
3, Paris, 1891.—Studies on the blood and the lymphatic glands in the 
animal series (second memoir), by L. Cuenot; plates. This memoir 
includes the insects. 

BULLETINS DE LA SOCIETE ZOOLOGIQUE DE FRANCE (Parisi, xvi, No. 
1, January, 1891.—An error of the senses in a Lepidopter, by Dr. R. 
Blanchard.—No. 2, February. On tlie Pseudo-parasitism of the larve of 
Culex pipiens, by Dr. R. Blanchard. New or little-known Diptera [ Hz- 
matopota], by J. M. F. Bigot.—No. 4, April. List of the Arachnids col- 
lected by M. Ch. Rabot in western Siberia in 1890, and Descriptions of — 
some Arachnids from Costa Rica from M. A. Getaz, of Geneva, by E.. 
Simon; Cupiennius n. g.—No. 6, June. Descriptions of two new species 
of Arachnids collected by Dr. R. Blanchard in the Sahara,* by E. Simon. 


MEMOIRES DE LA SOCIETE ZOOLOGIQUE DE FRANCE, iv, I, 2, 1891.— 
Coleoptera collected in the Azores by M. J. de Guerne during the voyages 
of the yacht ‘‘ Hirondelle”’ (1887-88), by C. Allaud. 


MEMOIRES DE LA SOCIETE DES SCIENCES PHYSIQUES ET NATURELLES 
DE BORDEAUX, 3¢€ Serie, v, 2, 1890.—Hermann Mueller and the coloration 
of the collecting apparafus of bees, by M. J. Perez. 


NOUVELLES ARCHIVES DU MusEUM D’HistToIRE NATURELLE (Paris), 
3e Serie, II, 2, 1890.—The collection of insects formed in Indo-China by 
M. Pavie, French consul at Cambodia: I Coleoptera, Cebrionidz, Rhi- 
pidoceride, Dascillidz,* and Malacodermide,* by M. J. Bourgeois; Cly- 
tidze* and Eumolpide,* by E. Lefevre; Diptera,* by J. M. F. Bigot. 


ATTI DELLA R. ACCADEMIA DELLE SCIENZE DI TORINO, xxv, disp. 9a, 
1889-90.—! iagnoses of some new species of Diptera,* by Dr. E. Giglio- 
Tos. 

ENTOMOLOGISCHE NACHRICHTEN, xvii, No. 19, October, 1891.—List 
of the Sphingidz collected by Dr. Paul Preuss at Barombi Station in 
Cameroon,* by Dr. F, Karsch; 1 plate. Tryphonid studies,* by Dr. 
Kriechbaumer. 


* Contains new species other than North American. 


1891. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 187 


ZOOLOGISCHER ANZEIGER (Leipzig), Aug. 31, 1891.—On the embry- 
ology of insects, by V. Graber. 


MoRPHOLOGISCHES JAHRBUCH (Leipzig), xvii, 3, 1891. On the morpho- 
logical significance of the ventral abdominal appendages of insect embryos, 
by V. Graber; figs. 

VERHANDLUNGEN DER K. K. ZOOLOGISCH-BOTANISCHEN GESELLS- 
CHAFT IN WIEN, xli, Bd., I Quartal. April, 1891.—Additamenta to the 
monograph of the Phaneropteride,*+ by C. Brunner v. Wattenwyl; 2 
plates; a paper of 196 pages, describing many new genera and species. 
On noteworthy forms among Acarids,* by Dr. L. Karpelles, 6 zincographs. 


ComPTE RENDU. SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE BELGIQUE, Sept. 5, ’9I. 
—Curculionidz and Brenthidz from western Bengal, collected by R. P. 
Cardon, with descriptions of new species,*t by M. J. Desbrochers des 
Loges. Melanges Entomologiques: V. Diagnoses of Coleoptera from the 
Congo.*¢ VI. Diagnoses of Phytophaga from Madagascar,* by A. Du- 
vivier. Third Dichotomous table to aid in determining Belgian species 
of Coleoptera Heteromera, by L. Coucke. 


XXXVI UND XXXVII BERICHT DES VEREINS FUR NATURKUNDE ZU 
KASSEL, 1891.—Lepidopterology: On the local fauna of Cassel and vi- 
cinity, by L. Knatz. Observations on the development history of Codeo- 
phora gryphipennella, Hbn., by Dr. H. F. Kessler. The development 
history of 7ribolium ferrugineum Fab., ibid. 


VERHANDLUNGEN DES VEREINS FUR NATURWISSENSCHAFTLICHE UN- 
TERHALTUNG ZU HAMBURG, 1886-90. Hamburg, 1891.—Contributions to 
fauna of the lower Elbe: New and rare beetles, by T. Wimmel and R. 
Niemeyer; On beetles imported with drugs, by T. Wimmel; Additions to 
the list of macrolepidoptera of the lower Elbe, by J. C. H. Zimmermann; 
On the occurrence of Panthea canobita in this locality, by H. Burmeister; 
On Plusia illustris, by R. Schmidt; My prey at Eulen in 1890 [Lepidop- 
tera], by G. Jaeschke; Additions to the Lepidopterous fauna of the lower 
Elbe, by A. Sauber; The Lepidopterous fauna of Horn and vicinity, by 
A. Junge; Entomological brevities [Lepidoptera], ibid. 


Doings of Societies. 

A REGULAR STATED MEETING OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION OF 
THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES was held Sept. 24, 1891, at the 
hall S. W. cor. Nineteenth and Race Streets, Dr. Horn, Director, presid- 
ing. Meeting called to order at 8.20 P.M. Members present: Martindale, 
Cresson, Welles, Ridings, Skinner and Laurent. Associates: Bland, See- 
ber, Westcott, Fox, Liebeck, Johnson, Dr. Castle and Haimbach. Mr. 
Martindale spoke of the great scarcity of Lepidoptera during the past 


* Contains new species other than North American. + Contains new genera. 


188 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [November, 


Summer, both in the field and at the electric lights. He had caught two 
specimens of 7Zerias nicippe and a female of Pamphila campestris in 
Fairmount Park. Both of these species are rare here, the latter being 
exceedingly rare. Dr. Castle stated that he had visited his old locality 
for Blaps similis at Alexandria, Va., and had not found any owing to 
trenches having been dug in the immediate neighborhood and filled 
with boiling water. Mr. Welles had found Lycomorphus pholus very 
abundant at Elwyn, Delaware County, Pa. Dr. Skinner exhibited the 
insects collected by Mr. Mengel and Dr. Hughes on the west coast of 
Greenland. There were about 25 specimens of Hymenoptera, 166 Dip- 
tera, 8 Coleoptera, 106 butterflies and 143 moths. Mr. Seeber exhibited 
and presented 260 Hymenoptera, 65 Diptera and 2 Neuroptera, all taken 
in and around the city. He had found that in using a cyanide bottle that 
constantly opening it greatly deteriorated its killing qualities, and in the 
future he intended to try ether, as he could then replenish the killing 
bottle with ether when necessary. Dr. Horn said that his work on Agrilus 
was finished, and he exhibited all the known species of our faunal limits, 
54 species all told, 22 of which were described as new. He had dealt 
with but one unique; most species were exceedingly well represented. 
They are readily separated into groups by pretty good characters. Some 
of the characters noted and described were new. He also stated that he 
had recently been studying Amara and some other things. Mr. Westcott 
spoke of the good luck he had had in collecting moths at sugar, etc., but 
had found diurnals very scarce. Mr. Nathan Banks, of Washington, was 
proposed as an associate of the Section.—H. SKINNER, Recorder. 


OBITUARY 


Epwarp W. Janson, died in London, Sept. 14, 1891, aged 69. He 
was especially known to entomologists as a dealer in insects, boxes and 
appliances. While he possessed skill and judgment as an entomologist, 
he has written but little; preferring to devote his talents to the assistance 
of others. He possessed what is probably the best collection of Elateridz 
known, having acquired the first typical series from Dr. Candéze by pur- 
chase. His library was very full, and was especially rich in pamphlets. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws for October was mailed September 29, 1891. 


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2 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENEGHOLOGIa SECTION, | 


ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. 


VOL. II. DECEMBER, 1891. No. 10. 
CONTENTS: 

s 

Bruce—Sphingidz of Colorado........... 190 | Calvert—A new genus and species of 
Banks—Synonymical Notes in Spiders.. 193 Odonata «i-c:2=ss0c:0- sce 199 
Fox—Hymenopterological Notes...-----. 194 | Cresson—A_ Conjecture ssca-sesseoreesersenene 200 
Skinuner—Elementary Entomology....... 196 | Notes and NeWS.........- samipasneipanshussseseos 206 
Townsend—A Tachinid Parasite of Entomological Literature... ...ccesssseceeees 209 
Chrysophanus dione....... ...--.-..++++++ 197 |. Doings of Societies........Gitssssssssstessns--. 212 


Our illustration represents some butterflies which were photo- 
graphed to see if the colors could be identified by a color key. 
The possibility of this has been investigated by Mr. J. F. Sachse, 
editor of the ‘‘ American Journal of Photography,’’ who read a 
paper on the subject before the Photographic Society of Phila- 
delphia entitled, ‘‘ A Suggestion for a Possible Method of Iden- 
tifying Colors Photographed.’’ It can readily be seen how useful 


such a method would be in the illustration of Natural seeery 


objects. 


We quote from the paper above referred to ‘‘ The production. 


of orthochromatic or color-stained plates, which will yield nega- 
tives or prints giving approximately true color values is at present 
one of the active problems of the photographic world, attracting 
the attention of specialists and active researchers in almost every 
country.’’ Ever since the orthochromatic principle was first 
broached, the hope was fostered that by some means, in addition 
to giving true color value, it would become possible to find a 
method to distinguish or identify by the print the colors of the 
original. ‘‘In connection with this subject I wish to bring to 
your notice a suggestion for a simple method by which this much 
desired object may be obtained, at least under certain conditions 
in suitable subjects. The suggestion, as you will see, is simply 


Io 


ao. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. —__ [December, 


to photograph a color key along with the subject, which shall 
explain itself. The first picture, a print of eight butterflies, se- 
lected on account of their varied colors, which comprised lemon- 
yellow, brilliant blue, blood-red, orange, bright red and black.”’ 
The colors of. the key are marked with letters which identify the 
colors, and by comparing the key with the colors of the print, 
the colors of the butterflies may be determined. We only have 
sufficient space to quote a few sentences from this interesting 
paper of Mr. Sachse, and will merely state that the paper attracted 
great attention, both here and abroad, and it has been translated 
into several languages and reprinted in some of the English pho- 
tographic journals. This plate, like others we have published, 
was made by the Crosscup & West Company of Philadelphia, 
and we are indebted for the loan of the plate to the kindness of 
Mr. Sachse. 


oO. 
Vv 


The Sphingidz of Colorado. 
By Davip BRUCE. 


1. Hemaris sp.?—A small species, is not uncommon among 
yellow flowering Azbes'in May and early June, near Denver and 
just in the foothills; it is very like AH rubens H. Edw., but is 
smaller; it agrees pretty well in size and color with Mr. Strecker’s 
description of HZ. senta, and may be that species. 

2. Hemaris Brucet French.—On blossoms of Mertensia in 

‘July, above 10,000 feet elevation near South Park; not common. 

3. Lepisesia flavofasciata Barnst.—On flowers of Rzdes in June, 
same places as last species; have taken the larva and bred it; it 
feeds on Epilobium in August; not common. 

4. Lepisesia Clarkie Bdl.—Not rare in western Colorado in — 
June; very partial to flowers of Ph/ox and allied plants, and when 
thus engaged, easy to capture. 

5. Amphion nessus Cram,—Not uncommon in Clear Creek and 
Platte Cafions below 6000 feet elevation; fond of damp places by 
the sides of irrigating ditches, frequently alighting on mud; this 
habit I have not observed in any other of the Sphingide. 

6. Detlophila Chamoenerit Harr.—Common throughout Colo- 
rado and frequent at light; I have found the larvee on Apdlobinm. 

7. Deilephila lineata Fab.—Abundant everywhere, flying by 


4 & 
[1891. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. fo) a 


day and night; I have found it on the mountain tops at 14,000 
feet elevation, the larve sometimes occurring by thousands on 
low plants near north Denver in boggy places. 

8. Cherocampa tersa Linn.—One example only, found on a 
window in the Union Depot, Denver, probably attracted by light. 

9. Philampelus achemon Dru.—Larve very common on Am- 
pelopsis and Grape from Denver City to about.7500 in the Cajfions; 
the moth occasionally at light. 

10. Dilophonota ello Linn.—Not rare at light from Denver to 
Utah, all I have taken in Colorado are rather light colored. 

11. Protoparce celeus Burm.—Common all over the State, ap- 
parently getting more abundant every year, June and September, 
probably a part of the larva give moths the same season. 

12. Protoparce carolina Linn.—Occasionally at light (Denver). 

13. Sphinx drupiferarum S. & A.—Very common at light all 
over the State; the large form (var. wtahensis H. Edw.) frequently 
in central and western Colorado; larvee common on wild plum. 

14. Sphinx perelegans Hy. Edw.—Uncommon at light in 
central and western Colorado; my examples are larger than Cali- 
fornia specimens. 

15. Sphinx vashti Strecker.—Not rare; I have taken it wher- 
ever I have collected in the State east or west; varies in size and 
color. I have them from 2% inches to 35% inches in extent. I 
am not surprised that it has received several names. 

16. Sphinx gordius Cram.—Not rare in central and western 
Colorado. I have never taken it near Denver; Colorado exam- 
ples are very large (I have some extending four inches) and show 
the soft warm color of /uscitiosa. 

17. Sphinx luscitiosa.—Not very rare; at light and over flowers 
in the evening in Denver City. I have also taken it flying by 
day over flowers. 

18. Sphinx oreodaphne Edw.—Common in central Colorado. 
Mr. Hy. Edwards saw several of my examples and identified 
them as the form he had so named; the Colorado specimens are 
a clear gray, with fine markings, and extend 3% to 334 inches. 
I have seen nothing in Colorado like the eastern chersis. 

19. Sphinx coloradus Smith.—Not very rare in western Colo- 
rado. I have beaten it from Cedars and taken it at light. It is so 
variable in size and distinctness of markings that I think S. Doldiz 
Neum. may be a small form of this species. 


i9eue" | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [December, 


20. Sphinx lugens Wik.—At light and over flowers at dusk; 
not uncommon round Denver. 

21. Triptogon occidentalis H. Edw.—Common throughout the 
State; larvae frequent on Poplars of any species. I have bred a 
great number; they are easily reared from the egg; have fed them 
on Cottonwood, in Denver, until half grown and then brought 
them home to New York State and gave them Willow until full- 
grown, with no evil result. Simerinthus imperator Strecker, if 
not a true species, deserves its name. This form is very robust, 
and the markings very distinct and high colored. I found a full 
grown larva on Cottonwood in August; it was very dark green 
compared with the larva of occidentalis (of which I had at the 
time many feeding) and larger than any I had before met with; 
this larva pupated, and, to my surprise, produced an imago, in 
September the same year, of the zmperator form; it was a 9 
5% inches in extent of wings. I havea @ precisely of the same 
stamp taken in west Colorado measuring 5% inches in expanse. 
I have a series of the ordinary occidentalis form, all selected for 
their good size and color, and the difference between these and 
the zmperator form is obvions enough. 

22. Smerinthus geminatus Say.—Rather common throughout 
the State; the late brood has pale upper wings and the rose color 
on under wings is very bright. 

23. Smerinthus astarte Strecker.—This insect is rather common 
on trunks of Cottonwoods and comes freely to light; it varies 
interminably in size, coloration and outline of upper wings. I 
have bred quite a number from the eggs, and occasionally found 
the full grown larva on Populus angustifolia, and in confinement 
it thrives best on that tree. 

24. Paontas exceecatus,—Occasionally comes to light, but is 
not common; all I have seen are high colored. 

25. Paonias myops.—Common throughout the State, comes 
freely to light and the larvee frequent on Choke Cherry. I have 
not seen eastern examples so brightly colored as some I found in 
western Colorado. | 

There are decidedly two generations of the last four species 
every year. 


The damage to the cereal crops in Canada by insects has been estimated 
at $38,000,000.—( Newspaper Entomology.) 


1891. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 193 


Synonymical Notes in Spiders. 
By NATHAN BANKs. 


DRASSIDE. 
Anyphena rubra Em. = A. (clubiona) gracilis Hentz. 
Pythonissa sericata Koch. = P. (herpyllus). bicolor Hentz. 
AGALENID-. 
Amaurobius sylvestris Em. = A. (ciniflo) bennetti Blk. 


THERIDIDA. 
T) Sebi brassice Fitch = 7. frondeum Hentz. 
Theridium hypophyllum Fitch =a $ Dictyna. 
As it cannot be farther identified it may be dropped from the 


lists. 
Erigone zonaria Keys = Bathyphantes micaria Em. 
EPEIRID. 
LEipeira decipiens Fitch = £.. displicata Hentz. 
Epeira canadensis Blk. = Cyclosa conica Pallas. 


Epetra approximata Blk..—= E. trifolium Hentz. 

Lpeira rubella Hentz = £. directa Hentz. 

Epeira spiculata Hentz = E. placida Hentz. 

Tetragnatha armigera Blk. 

This is probably 7: dadoriosa Hentz; it eats does not per- 

tain to anything different from 7. grallator, T. extensa and 
T. laboriosa, and so inay be dropped from the lists. It 
cannot be recognized as different. 


LYCOSID. 
Lycosa nidicola Em. = R. babingtonz Blk. 
Lycosa maritima Hentz = Trochosa cinerea Fab. 
Pardosa albopatella Em. = P (Lycosa) minima Keys. 
Pardosa nigra Stone = Aulonia? (Lycosa) funerea Hentz. 


ATTID. 
leius vittatus Keys = Icius mitratus Hentz. 
Salticus sundevalli Blk. = Marptusa familiaris Hentz. 

In my paper on ‘‘ Hentz Spiders’? in Ent. News for May, 
1891, Dendryphantes capitatus (Hentz) Peck. and D. octavus - 
Hentz were so printed as to appear as distinct species; 
whereas, as might be observed from the text, it was intended 
that the former should stand as a synonym of the latter. 


194 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [December, 


HYMENOPTEROLOGICAL NOTES.—I. 
By WILLIAM J. Fox, Phila., Pa. 


Larra aurantia n. sp. 

2.—Black, the abdomen orange. Head and thorax with exceedingly 
fine, even punctures; front with a faintly impressed line, which begins at 
the base of antennz and extend to the anterior ocellus, beginning again 
from a strong curved fovez, behind the posterior ocelli, it extends to the 
top of the vertex; the space between the ocelli much swollen, with a deep, 
curved sulcus on each side, which almost connécts with the foveze behind 
the posterior ocelli; the face somewhat excavated on each side, behind 
the base of the antennz; the anterior portion of the clypeus shining, 
strongly punctured, with a transverse furrow before its margin, which has 
an exceedingly slight tooth each side just before its lateral angles; eyes 


strongly converging towards the top, the distance between them at this ~ 


point barely equal to the length of the second and third antennal joints 
united; antennz shorter than head and thorax together, tapering to the 
apex, flagellum brownish, with a microscopic pile; scape short and stout, 
‘narrowed one-half towards the base, in length about equal to the third 
antennal joint, this latter joint is about four times longer than the pre- 
ceding one, and about equal to the following joint, the fifth and sixth 
joints longest; scutellum and post-scutellum with a very faint medial im- 
pressed line; metathorax above finely roughened, with a few indistinct, 
longitudinal striz at the base, the posterior face more strongly roughened, 
with a distinct medial sulcus, which is broadest basally, the furrow not 
reaching to the apex; wings fusco-hyaline, nervures dark, the distance 
between the first transverse-cubital nervure and the first recurrent nervure 
is greater than the space between the first and second recurrent nervures 
on the cubital nervure. Legs black, finely punctured, the tibial spurs and 
the tarsi ferruginous; posterior femora within glabrous. Abdomen orange, 
the apical margins of the segments subopaque, beneath it is marked with 
dark blotches; pygidium with a few scattered punctures, towards the apex 
with sparse, bright hairs. Length 14—15 mm. 
Two specimens; Montana. 


Larra punctifrons n. sp. 

2 .—Black, slightly shining; sides of the face and thorax with sparse, 
silvery-sericeous pile. Head and thorax with fine, even punctures, more 
fine on the cheeks and pleurz; clypeus strongly convex, the posterior 
half finely punctured and subopaque, the anterior half polished, and with 
large scattered punctures, a transverse furrow before the anterior margin, 
the latter being polished and entire; front bituberculate above the antennz; 
a distinct impressed line begins immediately behind the tubercles and ex- 
tends to the lower ocellus, beginning again behind this ocellus, it passes 
up through a strong swelling between the posterior ocelli to the base of 
the occiput, behind the posterior ocelli there is a strong fovez; eyes 
strongly converging towards the top, the distance between them at this 


1891. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 195 


point is equal to the length of the scape and second antennal joints united; 
antennz shorter than head and thorax together, tapering to the apex, the 
third joint shorter than the fourth, which is slightly longer than the fifth 
joint; scape much narrowed to the base, punctate beneath; dorsulum with 
a longitudinal depression on each side near the tegulz, the latter as well 
as the apical portion of the tarsi, rufo-testaceous; metathorax above very 
finely granulated or shagreened, with a slight, polished, longitudinal line 
medially; tibize and tarsi strongly spinose, the inner side of posterior pair 
clothed with dense, sericeous pile. Wings with a slight yellowish tinge, 
nervures brownish, the distance between the first recurrent and the first 
transverse-cubital nervure is distinctly less than the breadth of the second 
submarginal cell at the top, and is about equal to the space between the 
first and second recurrent nervures on the cubital nervure. Abdomen 
smooth, the apical margins of the segments obscurely rufo-testaceous, 
* the first three segments with a silvery, apical band; pygidium shining, 
convex, with sparse, large punctures; beneath, the abdomen has a few 
stiff hairs. Length 12 mm. 


This. species has a wide range, as I have one from Camden 
County, N. J., taken Sept. 12, 1891, and two others from Mon- 
tana. Resembles LZ. pennsylvanica, but the metathorax is not 
striated as in that species. I think, however, it is more closely 
related to Z. acuta Patton. 

Trypoxylon ornatipes Mihi. 
T. ornatipes Fox, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. vol. xviii, p. 148, 1891. 

The original description of this species was drawn up from a 
very dirty specimen, and as I have since received a fresh example 
from Mr. C. W. Johnson, collected in the vicinity of Philadelphia, 
I am able to detect several characters not mentioned in the first 
description, viz.: beginning on the apical portion of the sixth 
joint the antennz are distinctly thickened, this is also the case 
with joints 10-12, these joints being stouter than joints 6-9, the 
second antennal joint is larger than the third, the latter being a 
little more than half as long as the fourth joint; the space between 
eyes at the top is broader than the length of the three first an- 
tennal joints united. All the legs in this specimen are yellowish. 
In line 10 of the previous description for mesonotum read meta- 
notum. 

Steniolia duplicata Prov. 
S. duplicata Prov., Add. Hym. Queb. p. 414, Qo’. Nov., 1888. 
S. scolopacea Hdl., Sitz. k. Akad. Wiss. Wien. xcviii, p. 510, Qf’. ’*89. 

I lcan see no reason why duplicata and scolopacea should be 
separated. I have specimens which agree with the descriptions 


196 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [December, 


of both authors, and with the figure of scolopacea given by Cam- 
eron (Biol. Cent. Amer. Hym. ii, pl. 6, fig. 11). . As Handlirsch 
makes no mention of dup/icata in his monograph, it is evident 
that he either did not see the description at all, or that he re- 
ceived it too late to have it inckaded in his work. 


Miscophus americanus Mihi. : 

Since describing this. species, which was founded on a eneke 
specimen, I have taken ten additional specimens, among which 
were, fortunately, several,males. These latter are slightly smaller _ 
than the females, and differ otherwise as follows: the posterior 
face of the metathorax with irregular, strong, transverse stria- _ 
tions, with a strong medial sulcus, which begins from a strong 
fovez; the marginal cell is subangular beneath. Leng 3-3: 51am 


Gorytes microcephalus Hand. . 
Described originally from Georgia. I have two ee 
from Camden County, N. J., June 28, 1891. This will probably 

prove to be the male of G. zedulosus Pack. 


Gorytes floridanus. ; 
Hoplisus foveolatus Fox (nec. Handl.), Entom. News, vol. i, 1890. 
I propose the name floridanus for this species, as Hoplisus and 
Gorytes have been merged into one, and there being a Gorytes 
Soveolatus described in 1888. 


Agenia caliptera Say. 

This species described as Pompilus, bpalauede to “cue ‘I have 
two specimens from Philadelphia and Camden County, N. J., 
June 28, 1891, respectively, which agree with Say’s description. 
Mr. Cresson, in his ‘‘ Notes on the Pompilide,’’ doubtfully re- 
ferred this species to Agenda, but as he did not see any specimens 


this note verifies it. 
(To be continued.) 


ray 
U 


ELEMENTARY ENTOMOLOGY. 


LEPIDOPTERA. 
The next family to be considered is the Papilionide. It con- 
sists mostly of quite large species which are found all over the 
world, and they may be known by the front legs of both sexes 


being perfect and always used in locomotion. Quitea number 


1891. | | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 197 


are provided with a lanceolate appendage upon the fore tibize, but 
this also occurs in the Hesperide. The caterpillars are naked, 
and the chrysalis is attached by the tail and has a loose girth 
around the middle and the head points upward. The family is 
divided into the Papilioninze and the Pierinz, and they may be 
separated as follows: In the Pierinze the antennz are straight, 
median nervure of fore wings with three branches, hind wings 
partially enclosing abdomen, fore tibiz with no epiphysis, claws 
bifid. The Papilioninz have the antenne more or less arcuate, 
median nervure of fore wings with four branches, hind wings not 
enclosing the abdomen, fore tibize with a distinct epiphysis on the 
inner side, claws simple and long. The last family, the Hesper- 
idze, are generally small butterflies, and sombre in appearance. 
The body is robust, and the head broad, the antenne are widely 
separated at the base and curved or crooked at the tip; their 
flight is peculiar, and they are often called ‘‘skippers’’ on account 
of its jerky character. When at rest the front pair of wings are 
more elevated than the hind pair, and this gives them an odd and 
characteristic appearance. The character of the antenne, their 
peculiar flight and the drooping of the inferior wings enable this 
family to be readily recognized. The Hesperide are well repre- 
sented in this country, but their true home seems to be tropical 
America, where the species are very numerous.—ED. 


va’ 
Vv 


A Tachinid Parasite of Chrysophanus dione. 
Exorista chrysophani 2. sp. 


By C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, Las Cruces, N. Mex. 


The following is a description of a 7achinid received from Mr. 
Chas. W. Johnson, of Philadelphia, and which bears the label: 
‘From chrysalis of Chrysophanus dione June g, Iowa.” 


Generic. characters.—Eyes thickly hairy; front and face of 9 
about one-third width. of head, which is a little wider than the 
thorax and abdomen ; frontal bristles extending a little below base 
of antennz; two orbital bristles in 9. Antennz about as long 
as face; second joint hardly elongate, third joint two or three 
times as long as second; arista thickened half its length, micro- 
scopically pubescent, distinctly 3-jointed, the second joint quite 
strongly elongated; front hardly prominent, face receding; sides 


198 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [December, 


of face bare, rather narrow, facial depression much widened 
below; facial ridges bare, except a few weak bristles above vi- 
brissze, the latter inserted well above the oral margin; cheeks 
narrow, hairy on lower portions. Proboscis withdrawn, short, 
fleshy, labella well developed; palpi very distinct, considerably 
thickened at tip. Abdomen not wide, short, oval or elliptical, 
first joint hardly shortened; macrochetz only marginal, except 
on anal segment. Legs not long; metatarsi nearly as long as 
following joints; hind tibize with fringe of bristles on outer edge. 
Wings longer than abdomen, not wide, without costal spine; 
apical cell narrowly open, ending well before tip of wing; fourth 
vein bent at an obtuse angle, without stump or wrinkle; hind 
cross-vein nearer to bow of fourth vein. 

Exorista chrysophani nov. sp. ¢.—Black, silvery. Eyes brown; front, 
face and cheeks silvery, the front shading to brassy or golden; frontal 
vitta about one-fourth width of front, black or dark brown, fringed behind; 
antenne and arista wholly black, second antennal joint bristly; cheeks 
cinereous and hairy on lower portions, with some bristles on lower border; 
proboscis and palpi black, or brown; occiput cinereous, gray hairy, with 
broad black band from: vertex to center, fringed with black hairs on orbi- 
tal margins. Thorax cinereous, or silvery pollinose, hairy and bristly, 
with three narrow, well defined, median black vittz, and a heavier inter- - 
rupted one outside them; scutellum ochreous, blackish at base, with an 
apical decussate pair of macrocheete and three lateral pairs. Abdomen 
covered with short black bristles; first segment entirely black, without 
macrochetz; second and third segments shining black, broadly silvery at 
base with a brassy tinge; second segment with a median marginal pair of 
macrochetz and a lateral one; third segment with a marginal row, six _ 
or eight of which are on upper surface; anal segment shining jet black, 
very narrowly silvery at base, armed with macrochztz and bristly hairs. 
Legs black, femora slightly silvery, femora and tibie bristly; claws and 
pulvilli short. Wings grayish hyaline, third vein spined at base; hind 
cross-vein sinuate; tegulz tawny white, borders darker; halteres fuscous. 
Length 5.5 mm.; of wing 4.5 mm. 

Described from one specimen; Iowa. 


Mr. Johnson writes: ‘‘ Two specimens were given to me by 
Dr. Skinner. They are from Iowa, and came out of the chrysalis — 
of Chrysophanus dione, the larve having been sent to Dr. Skin- 
ner by Mr. Henry G. Willard. I infer, therefore, that they were 
accidentally bred by Dr. Skinner. I had at first thought it nec- 
essary to describe this form as a new genus, but subsequent re- 
flection has induced me to locate it in EAxorista, from which it 


1891. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 199 


differs appreciably only in the elongate second aristal joint, and 
the vibrisse being inserted at a short distance above the oral 
margin. Besides, Messrs. Brauer and von Bergenstamm have 
erected several new genera which are founded on practically the 
same characters.”’ 


D 
Vv 


A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF ODONATA 
FROM JAMAICA. 


By Puivip P. CALVERT. 


ORTHOLESTES n. gen. 


Wings ceasing to be petioled just before the first postcostal 
cross-vein. Median sector arising from the principal at less than 
one-third the distance from the arculus to the nodus, the subnodal 
one cell after the median. Quadrilateral distinctly trapezoidal, 
superior side longer than one-half the inferior, internal side one- 
third to one-fourth the inferior. Ultra-nodal sector unbroken, 
or but very slightly angulated; subnodal and short sectors hardly 
more angulated. Nodal sector arising from two-and-a-half to 
four cells after the nodus. No supplementary sectors between 
the median and short sectors. With supplementary sectors, 
forming an irregular network (7-16 marginal cells), between the 
subnodal and median sectors, Pterostigma three times as long 
as broad. Hairs of the feet long. 


0. clara n. sp.—Abdomen ¢/ 38 mm., 2 29-31. Hind wing ¢/ 29, 2 
25-27. Yellow and dark brown or black. Labrum, epistoma and frons, 
dark metallic blue. Abdomen dark brown, 3-7 with a yellow basal ring; 
17-23 postcubitals. 

3.—Superior appendages forcipated, dilated to form two rounded, in- 
ferior ante-apical teeth. Inferior appendages half as long. 

© .—Appendages longer than the last segment. Dorsal apical half of 
g bright yellow. 

Described from one ¢; one ? from Kingston, Jamaica, May, 
1890, by Mr. E. M. Aaron, to whose kindness I am indebted for 
them; one %, Kingston, by Mr. Wm. J. Fox, (Amer. Ent. Soc. 
coll.); one 9, Jamaica, Mr. Charles W. Johnson (Wagn. Ins. 
coll.). : 

This interesting form belongs to the Legion Lestes Selys. A 
detailed description will appear later. 


200 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [December, 
A CONJECTURE. . 
By CHARLEs C, Cresson, Germantown, Phila., Pa. 


In reading of the immense congregations of Butterflies, that 


sometimes have been observed in the Fall of the year, it is an — a 


interesting subject for reflection as to the Divine intention in en- 
dowing them with the instinct of collecting together, and the 
purpose intended to be carried out. This habit of immense con- 
gregations is not confined to Butterflies, but is to be observed in 
an unknown number of other animals. Our American Buffalo, 
or Bison, collect in very large herds at a certain season of the 
year, as Catlin relates, for the purpose of continuing the species; 
and when so collected, the bulls forthwith commence to struggle 
and fight with each other, the stronger conquer the weaker ones, 
and then choose such mates as please them. The large congre- 
gation then separates into little family groups, each with its own 
masculine head, and so enters on to the business of multiplication 
and addition, and then remains in peace and quiet until the next 
annual return of the season for reassembling—A clear and mani- 
fest instance of the ‘‘ Survival of the Fittest,’’ the most powerful 
bulls continuing the species, and many of the weak ones being 
killed or disabled. The Wolves congregate in packs for mutual 
assistance, then prowl around these herds and families, hunting 
for something to devour; and when they find a stray Buffalo, too 
much alone for its own good, they attack him, her, or it (the 
calf), as the case may be, and breakfast, or dine, on their prey 
(as described by Catlin). 

The Norwegian Lemming, as described in the ‘‘ Encyclopedia 
Brittanica’’ and elsewhere, occasionally migrate in great numbers, 
pursuing their course in a straight line, regardless of every ob- 
stacle, and consuming everything eatable in their way (Baird). 


Their usual course is from the East to the West; they swim over 


rivers and lakes until they arrive at the Atlantic Ocean; then they 
continue to follow their leaders, plunge together into the ocean 
and swim out to sea; they never swim back again, but all are 
drowned in the mighty waters. On their journey from their 
home to the ocean (which lasts sometimes for over a year) they ae 
procreate and largely increase the congregation. The young and 
old keep straight on, and all perish in the company of each other. — 


1891. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 201 


At the home they have left, remains a sufficient number to get up 
another exodus in due season (‘‘ Encyc. Brittanica’’ condensed). 
We thus see that the Buffaloes congregate for procreation; the 
Wolves for mutual assistance in hunting, and the Lemmings to 
search for food, when the supply at home is insufficient for their 
support. ; 

Zodlogy, as a part of animal history, gives us accounts of 
similar congregations and migrations of other animals, congre- 
gating and migrating together, for different reasons. Swallows, 
Cranes, Blackbirds, Reedbirds and Pigeons, going North or 
South, according to the season, to avoid the cold. Wild Ducks 
and Geese going North to procreate, in seclusion, where their 
great enemy, man, is at a distance, and where their food is in 
abundance.* 

Some kinds of caterpillars, in their migrations, in passing over 
our railroads in the far West, have so anointed the rails with their 
carcasses, crushed by the passing wheels, as to impede the pro- 
gress of the trains. The great herds of Buffaloes, at the times 
of their congregations, have sometimes also seriously impeded 
the progress of the railroad trains. This may have been one 
reason for destroying and exterminating the Buffaloes. Another 
reason appears to have been the desire to weaken the Indians by 
destroying their food. The profit accruing from their hides and 
horns was, no doubt, another-reason. These three principal in- 
terests being in conjunction, the Buffaloes had to go. 

Now, in view of the above facts, or supposed facts, it becomes 
an interesting Conjecture as to what is the Divine intention in 

‘endowing animals with such destructive instincts. The Human 
animals in their instinctive struggles as to procreation, food, 
homes and other worldly possessions, proceed to congregate into 
armies, with their weapons of war, and so proceed, with all con- 
ceivable craft and force, to thin out the human crop on the earth, 
in their struggles with each other ( just as do the Buffaloes), and 


* In the park of Schloss Ruhleben, according to a local correspondent of a Berlin journal, 
a Stork set up his house some years ago, and regularly every Spring has returned to his 
nest, along with his ‘‘ wife.’”” There was a doubt expressed last year whether it-was the 
same bird who returned year after year. In order to prove the matter, a steel ring was 
fastened around the left leg of the male Stork, and the name of his European residence 
engraved upon the ring. When the Stork again appeared this present Spring, he had a 
ting on each leg. His human friends in his Eastern home had fastened a silver ring to his 
right | leg, and on it was engraved the inscription, ‘‘ India sends her greeting to Germany.” 
—Christian Intelligencer. 


202 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [December, — 


thus obtain elbow room for the survivors. In the ‘‘ Survival of 


the Fittest,’’ history tells us that the fiées¢is the party best quali- __ 


fied to kill (not to cure) and to destroy (not to build up); and so 
civilization suffers. 

Now, to speak on the subject of the Conjecture. of the But- 
terflies that congregate on the coast, some are probably blown 
from thence out to sea to become food for fishes; some remaining 
on the land become the food of birds, or are otherwise destroyed, 
and so leave few or none as successors to continue the species. 
It may be the Divine intention thus to reduce the superabundant 
number of Butterflies so that the food, provided in the ordinary 
course of nature, will be sufficient for those left behind. If the 
proper food were scanty or absent in the localities where the great 
swarms of Butterflies deposited their eggs, the young products 
of the eggs would not be able to carry on their usual changes, 
and would die of starvation. And so the continuity of the spe- 
cies be discontinued so far as they would be concerned, as a result 
of a superabundance of larvee, to the supply of food. 

As to the sea-going instinct of the Lemmings, it appears as if 


no other account or purpose can be thought of, except that 7#zs 


an instinct intended to reduce their superabundant numbers. And — 
as to the Divine intention in drowning them, it appears as if 
drowning were Divinely considered to be the very easiest and 
surest form of death. In this connection we may very properly 
turn to the Holy Scriptures in our researches on this matter. 
They may be, by some, disregarded as an authority in scientific 
matters, but with others (including the writer) they are the highest 
authority, so far as they speak, on any subject they speak of. 

In the Scriptures we find the following historical records in 
Exodus, chapter x, verses 12-21: 

‘“And the Lord said unto Moses, Stretch out thine hand over 
‘the land of Egypt for the locusts, that they may come up upon ~ 
‘‘the land of Egypt, and eat every herb of the land, even all that 
‘the hail hath left. And Moses stretched forth his rod over the 
‘‘land of Egypt, and the Lord brought an east wind upon the 
‘land all that day, and all that night; and when it was morning, 
the east wind brought the locusts. And the locusts went up 

‘ over all the land of Egypt, and rested in all the coasts of Egypt: — 


‘ very grievous were they; before them there were no such locusts 4 
‘as they, neither after them shall be such. For they covered | hg 


. 1891. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 203 


“« the face of the whole earth, so that the land was darkened; and 
‘they did eat every herb of the land, and all the fruit of the trees 
‘‘ which the hail had left: and there remained not any green thing 
‘‘in the trees, or in the herbs of the field, through all the land of 
‘‘Egypt. Then Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron in haste; 
‘‘and he said, I have sinned against the Lord your God, and 
‘‘against you. Now therefore forgive, I pray thee, my sin only 
‘‘this once, and intreat the Lord your God, that he may take 
‘‘away from me this death only. And he went out from Pharaoh, 
‘*and intreated the Lord. And the Lord turned a mighty strong 
‘west wind, which took away the locusts, and cast them into the 
‘“Red Sea; there remained NOT ONE locust in all the coasts of 
‘‘Egypt. But the Lord hardened Pharaoh’s heart, so that he 
‘* would not let the children of Israel go.’’ 

Here it is evident that it was the deliberate intention of the 
Divine Being to destroy the Locusts by drowning them in the 
Red Sea. 

How the Divine Being thought best to proceed when desiring 
to cleanse the Earth, and why He did it, is shown clearly and 
unmistakably in Genesis, chapters vi and vii. 

Chapter vi, vs. 5-18: ‘‘ And God saw that the wickedness of 
‘‘man was great in the earth, and: that every imagination of the 
‘‘ thoughts of his heart was only evil continually. And it repented 
‘the Lord that he had made man on the earth, and it grieved 
‘‘him at his heart. And the Lord said, I will destroy man whom 
‘*T have created from the face of the earth; both man, and beast, 
‘fand the creeping thing, and the fowls of the air; for it repenteth 
““me that I have made them. But: Noah found grace in the eyes 
‘‘of the Lord These are the generations of Noah: Noah was 
‘‘a just man and perfect in his generations, and Noah walked 
‘‘with God. And Noah begat three sons, Shem, Ham, and 
‘‘Japheth. The earth also was corrupt before God, and the earth 
‘‘ was filled with violence. And God looked upon the earth, and, 
‘‘ behold, it was corrupt; for all flesh had corrupted his way upon 
‘the earth. And God said unto Noah, The end of all flesh is 
‘come before me; for the earth is filled with violence through 
‘‘them; and behold, I will destroy them with the earth. . Make 
“thee an ark of gopher wood;’’ (etc. vs. 14-16). ‘‘ And, behold, 
**T, even I, do bring a flood of waters upon the earth, Zo destroy 
“all flesh, wherein is the breath of life, from under heaven; and 


204 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [December, 


‘everything that is in the earth shall die. But with thee will I 
‘establish my cawenent; and thou shalt come into the ark, thou, 
‘‘and thy sons’’ (ete. vs. 18-22). 

Chapter vii (vs. 1-20, a specific account of the Flood), vs. 21= _ 
24: ‘‘ And a// flesh died that moved upon the earth, both of fowl, _ 
‘‘and of cattle, and of beast, and of every creeping thing that 
‘‘creepeth upon the earth, and every man: all in whose nostrils 
‘“was the breath of life, of all that was in the dry land, died. And 
‘every living substance was destroyed which was upon the face 
‘‘of the ground, both man, and cattle, and the creeping things, 
‘‘and the fowl of the heaven; and they were destroyed from the 
‘earth: and Noah only remained alive, and they that were with 
‘‘him in the ark. And the waters prevailed upon the earth an 
‘* hundred and fifty days.’’ 

We see by these recorded cases that the Divine Being deliber- 
ately drowned the Human race in the Flood, and drowned the 
Locusts in the Red Sea, just to get rid of them. It was His way; 
simple in design and execution, and perfectly effectual. There 
was not one man /eft, except Noah and his family; and of one 
locust. It is probably impossible for any man to show, in more 
distinct words and language, the unmistakable and deliberate de- 
termination of the Divine Being to destroy the whole Human 
race on the earth, except Noah, who was spared for the reasons 
given in Genesis vi, g-10. He destroyed all life ‘‘ which was upon 
the face of the ground’’ (vii, 23), probably all life, animal and 
vegetable, excepting fresh water fishes, and those forms of vege- 
table life having their proper habitat in fresh water. His reasons 
for so doing, are also just as clearly and definitely given and re- 
corded, as if done to justify Himself to His creature, man, in His 
course of action, as related in the history of the Flood. 

To those who do not believe in God, nor in the Bible, nor the 
Flood, nor any other miracle, it might be a subject of interesting 
contemplation to consider the extraordinary action of the Nor- 


wegian Lemmings. It appears to me to be unaccountable on 


— principles, so far as I understand them. There is here 

‘‘ Survival of the Fittest’’ to hand down this sea-going suicidal 
ini (or impulse, or instinct, or habit, or any other name 
that may be given to it) from generation to generation; all are 
destroyed, mot one survives. There appears to be a kind of cul- 
mination of circumstances leading to the fatal termination of their 


1891. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 205 


travels. These little creatures, apparently unconscious of their 
approaching disaster, go merrily on, crossing the waters of rivers 
and lakes, one after another, successfully and safely; and thus 
encouraged by their success and safety, plunge into the ocean, 
probably expecting successfully and safely to reach the other 
shore. But modern science has no account to give us of their 
arrival in Canada or these United States. of one of them has 
successfully arrived on our side of the Atlantic in modern times.* 

In conclusion, I look upon it as impossible to establish my 
foregoing Conjecture as a general Fact, by means of specific 
facts observed or recorded, and by reasonings thereon, viz.: that 
the Divine Being, desiring to dispose of, or get rid of superabun- 
dant animal life by means of drowning, endowed the Lemmings 
with instincts, deliberately intended, for the specific purpose of 
thinning them out in that way. The immense congregations of 
Butterflies may, in some way, have the same intention of thinning 
out their superabundant numbers. I may say, however, that such 
a conjecture appears to me to be probable, yet also, that it is only 
conjecture, and must always remain to be such to the end of time. 

There is no end to conjecture; too much of it is not profitable 
and is unsatisfying. Its real use is to stimulate research, and 
observation, and reflection. Conjectures are boundless in their 
nature, and can only be established as facts, or errors, by patient 
and intelligent research. 

The writer would be glad to have the opinions of any readers 
of ENTOMOLOGICAL News on this subject, with any facts that 
have influenced their conclusions; not as matters of disputation 
or contention, but for the true advancement of science, and to 
increase our knowledge of Nature. 


* The presence of Lemmings in the northern part of North America, of species different 
from those now in Norway, seems to indicate that in remote ages, such a condition of 
things existed as to climate, as enabled the Lemmings to pass westward from Norway to 
America. It is believed by some scientists that, in the remote past, Greenland and other 
north polar regions had a climate different from its present glacial character. Later re- 
searches have discovered fossil remains of trees, etc., with forms now belonging to the 
temperate and tropical zones of the earth. It may be that the species of Lemmings, now 
in North America, are descendents of those who passed from one continent to the other 
in those remote times when the differences of climate made such a passage possible to them. 


A recent importation of orange trees into California from Tahiti showed 
them to be infested by a new insect, and the authorities will not allow 
them to be landed.—( Newspaper Entomology.) 


I0o* 


206 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [December 


Notes and News. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS _ . 
OF THE GLOBE. : Pg ‘ 


[The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws solicit, and will thankfully rebive it 
of news, likely to interest its readers, from any source. «The author’s name will be given 
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In the future all papers received for publication in the News bei. td 
printed according to date of reception. 


NOTICE.— Those who wish to continue their subscriptions to Ento-— 
mological News for the coming year, will please indicate their desire 
to the Treasurer (see second page of cover) before January Ist, next, 
The price will be the ssame—One Dollar. We hope to make volume 
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help up do so.— Ep. 


Homohadena infixa (Walker).—The genus Homohadena, disting digas ; 
from the Haden (Hadena, Luperina and Hylophasia) by\having no ab- 
dominal tufts, revised by Prof. J. B. Smith (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. vol. xiii, 
pp. 397-405) in 1891, and having for its type H. badistriga Grote, affords 
an unrecorded synonymy. Hadena infixa Walk. and A. incomitata 
Harvey were described from rubbed specimens, hence their identity with 
badistriga was not recognized. The species occurs at Hartford; Conn., 
and throughout the region east of the Great Plains. 

Homohadena infixa (Walk.) 

Hadena infixa Walker. 
Homohadena incomitata Harvey. 
Homohadena badistriga Grote (unrubbed variety). 
Ws. Hampton Patton, Hartford, Conn. 

WHILE collecting near Knoxville, Tenn., on the 4th of last July, and 
also later during the same month I took winged specimens (both ¢ and 
Q) of Stephania picta. Previous to this but a single winged specimen 
(a 2) of this Hemipter has been recorded (by Uhler, in ‘‘ Standard 
Natural History’’). In addition to the full-winged form, there occurred 
in still greater numbers a short-winged form; the thorax of this had same 
structure as full-winged form (see ‘‘Standard Nat. Hist.’’). I shall be 
glad to correspond with hemipterologists concerning this and other rari- 
ties, and regarding exchanges. 

H. E. Summers, 71 N. Water St., Rochester, N. Y. 


CAUSE OF PEACH YELLOws.—What renders the peach-tree s) ’ 
to the bacterium present in the disease known as the “ yellows” is prob- | 
ably the mite (Bryobia pratensis Garman; for description see “Insect 
Life,” vol. iii, No.2, fig. 4, September, 1890, p. 47) which attacks the tree 
in countless numbers, thus lessening its vitality ‘and causing 
change color. This mite I found to be very plénty in Co 


2) 


1891.] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. \ 207 


Its orange-colored eggs cover the bark in Winter, especially about the 
buds, ready to hatch with the opening of the leaves in Spring. Grafts of 
these buds would thus inoculate other trees. The Yellows Mite would 
be an appropriate name.—W™m. Hampton Patton, Hartford, Conn, 


Amphion nessus appeared long in advance of the blossoming of Blue 
Flag—/Jris versicolor; this year at least. During a very hot, Summer- 
like spell of weather late in April, one of my friends, who missed me 


leaving for the suburbs on a Sunday’s collecting tour, saw two specimens 


of A. nessus feeding on the flowers of the lovely Mountain Pink—.Si/ene 
pennsylvanica, which covers the rocky ledges of the open forest. This 
Wild Pink usually blossoms in this vicinity from the last week of April 
until the middle of May. My friend being provided with only a cyanide 
bottle for mothing, could not take any of the specimens seen on that day. 
From the last week of May until after the middle of following month I 
watched in vain for the appearance of this Sphingid on the flowers of 
Blue Flag.—RicHARD E. Kunze, M.D. 


WHILE summering in the Nutmeg State this year a friend of mine found 
insects very plentiful; some kinds rather too plentiful, in fact. He used 
to sit up nights and catch them. Some of them came in at the window, 
and some didn’t.. Thereby hangs a tale. At first he was mad, then grew. 
sad, and finally glad; his heart was filled with ghoulish glee—he caught 
every blessed one he could find and preserved the reeking carcasses as 
ghastly trophies of his sojourn in the land. They were of all sizes, ages 


- and complexions, from the pallid infant to the ruddy sire and gory grand- 


sire, and he smiled with joy (?) at the goodly array. This experience led 
to the preparation of the following placard, which, with its accompanying 
specimen (a fine, plump one),;-was posted, at his departure, on the wall 
of the room he had occupied, and there left for the edification of the land- 
lady. It is to be hoped that her feelings were not so severely injured as 
to disable her from improving matters for the next comer, 


Locality, , Conn. 
Date, Aug. —, 1891. 
Number of specimens, 39. 
Classification.—Type, Arthropoda. 
Class, Insecta. 
Order, Hemiptera. 
Suborder, Heteroptera. 
Family, Acanthiide. 
Genus, Acanthia. 
Species, dectularia. 
Scientific name, Acanthia lectularia. 
Common name, BEDBUG. : 
Habits.—This degraded bug inhabits (too many of ) the sleeping apart- 
ments of the human species. Secréting itself by day, it sallies forth at 
night to feast upon the blood of the unwary traveler and luckléss lodger. 


208 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [December, 


Its appetite is always keen, and although it has been known to live a year 
without food, it prefers to take nourishment oftener, a proceeding which 
usually provokes the following, or similar 

Remarks: Ow! Ugh! Whew!.... By Jove!.... Great Scott!... 
Gosh darn it all!.... 

A true history of the above specimen.—xX. Y. Z. 


New Foop-pLants of Parasa chloris.—While searching for larvee of 
S. astylus on Huckleberry bushes in Bergen County, N. J., I found, Sept. 
20, 1891, two larve of P. chloris on one leaf of the Swamp Blueberry— 
Vaccinium corymbosum. Another I took from the downy, or different- 
leaved Poplar—Populus heterophyllus, young plants of which grew near 
the same swamp. These are not mentioned in Mr. Wm. Beutenmiiller’s 
“‘ Catalogue of Lepidoptera, etc., with their Food-plants.’’ Another larva 
of Parasa chioris fed on Wild Cherry. Still another of the same genus, 
if not species, I found on Black Willow—Salia nigra. The latter larva 
had orange stripes and fleshy tubercles in the place of the usual red mark- 
ings. It was parasitized and subsequently died. Strangest of all was the 
behavior of these larve in the breeding-cage, in which I also had some 
of Limacodes scapha feeding on Bayberry—Myrica cerifera, and another 
to me, unknown larva, on White Birch. In turn, P. ch/oris would feed 
on the plants they were found on, and again they remained for days on 
the other plants of the breeding-cage, feeding and thriving thereon. One 
has now been feeding eleven days, two pupated on the underside of leaves 
and two died of parasites. Was it not strange that they should go alter- 
nately on Downy Poplar, Wild Cherry, Bayberry, White Birch, Black 
Willow and Swamp Willow? I had them in a large glass-jar on my office 
desk, where I watched them by day and night. Downy Poplar is likewise 
known as Eastern Cottonwood.—RICHARD E. Kunze, M.D. 

THERE ARE EXCEPTIONS.—“‘A beetle cannot fly with its elytra removed.” 
F. H. Wenham, Aerial Locomotion, Smithsonian Report 1889, p. 318. 
A few days ago along a sunny river-bank I found Cicindela hirticollis 
abundant. Examples were taken and the elytra removed; every one flew 
away instantly, on being released, with a speed that defied the eye to 
follow. 

“Insects are killed quickly by putting them into a bottle containing 
lumps of cyanide of potassium covered by plaster of Paris.’”’ So every 
body says. To this I note three exceptional cases. One June day I hap- 
pened to be collecting where many species of Phalzenidz were abundant. 


Examples of several species taken were all killed quickly in my cyanide — 


bottle except one, that of Corycia vestaliata (sex not noted). To my 
surprise it was found some time after its imprisonment alive and struggling 
to escape. To test the matter other moths were put into the bottle, all 
of which were quickly overcome, but C. vestadiata still lingered, having 
withstood the fumes more than an hour. 

The second instance is similar; the species was Caberodes confusaria. 
It was active more than thirty minutes by the watch, and, to make it sure, 


-- C 


1891. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 209 


the prisoner was resisting death, contrary to all reason, crickets, grass- 
hoppers, wasps, moths and butterflies introduced to the same space, all 
responded as they should. The third case occurred a few weeks since 
the same species as the preceding with similar behavior. 

Have others observed similar behavior by any insect? What explana- 
tion occurs to any one?—D. S. KELLICOTT. 


Danais archippus.—Sunday, September 6th, present year, I went after 
Catocala. It was a showery day and did not go beyond our suburbs. 
Only one specimen was seen in a fine grove, but not, taken. While ex- 
amining trees, a boy, who stood watching me, called my attention to a 
Danaid circling overhead in a near-by place. Presently it flew and set- 
tled on the twig of a dead branch on one of the lowermost limbs of an 
Acer rubra. \ told the boy to watch it for me, which he did, and inform 
me of its movements. A thunderstorm could be heard at a distance. It 
was about 1 p.M., and on its approach the Danaid took refuge in the foliage 
of a Liquidambar. That maple had only a very few scattered red leaves 
among its foliage, and the insect hung on that branch exactly half an hour 
until aroused by thunder.—RIcHARD E. Kunze, M.D. 


Identification of Insects (Imagos) for Subscribers. 


Specimens will be named under the following conditions: 1st, The number of speci- 
mens to be unlimited for each sending; 2d, The sender to pay all expenses of transporta- 
tion and the insects to become the property of the American Entomological Society ; 
3d, Each specimen must have a number attached so that the identification may be an- 
nounced accordingly. Address all packages to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws, Academy Natural 
Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. 


_ Insects have been named for F. L. Harvey, H. C. Denslow, J. H. Bom- 
berger, C. P. Gillette. 


Entomological Literature. 


THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, 
pt. 3, 1891.—On a new species of Prothe, by Philip Crowley (illustrated). 
Notes on the Orthopterous family Mecopodide, by W. F. Kirby. Note 
on Siphonophora artocarpi Westw., by J. O. Westwood. On the South 
American species of Diabrotica, pt. 2, by Chas. J. Gahan. 


BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA: pt. 94, July, 1891.—Coleoptera: vol. 
ii, pt. 1, by D. Sharp, pl. 11; vol. iv, pt. 2, by G. C. Champion, pp. 257- 
314, pl. 11; vol. vi, pt. 1, suppl., by M. Jacoby, pp. 265-272. Lepidoptera- 
Heterocera, by H. Druce, vol. i, pls. 28, 29; vol. ii, pp. 1-5, pt. 95, Sep- 
tember, 1891. Coleoptera: vol. ii, pt. 1, by D. Sharp, pp. 385-432; vol. 
__ iv, pt. 2, by G. C. Champion, pls. 12, 13; vol. vi, pt. 1, suppl., by M. 

_ Jacoby, pl. 41. Lepidoptera-Heterocera, by H. Druce, vol. i, pls. 40, 41. 


210 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [December, 


JOURNAL OF THE BomBAy NATURAL History Society vol. vi, 
—The Butterflies of the Central Provinces, pt. 4, by J. A. B. Agrict ” 
Entomology, by E. C. Coates. The Locust of North-western India 
(Acridium peregrinum) with plate, by E. C. Coates. ) 


TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY, vol. 
xviii, Nos. 2 and 3.—Notes on some Noctuidz, with Descriptions of New 
Genera and Species, by John B. Smith. On the Species of Trypoxylon 
Inhabiting America North of Mexico, by Wm. J. Fox. A Revision of 

‘the Species of Zuclea, Parasa and Packardia, with Notes on Adoneta, 
Monoleuca and Varina ornata Neum., by H. G. Dyar. Revis of the 
Donaciz of Boreal America, by C. W. Leng. Revision of the Genera and 
Species of Anthonomini Inhabiting North America, by W. G. Dietz, M. D. 


LEPIDOPTERA InpicA, by F. Moore, F. Z. S , pt. 7.+This contains de- 
scriptions of the remainder of the Eupleeinz a the beginning i a 
Satyrinz, with seven colored plates and about forty figures. 


West AMERICAN SCIENTIST, September, 1891.—New Bombylidae of 
the group Paracosmus, by D. W. Coquillett. Amphicosmus nov. gen. 
A. elegansn. sp. Metacosmus nov. gén.; M. exilisn sp. acosmus 
insolens n. sp. October, 1891, Revision of the Bombylid Genus Apha- 
éantus. An interesting and useful table for the determination of the spe- 
cies is given and the following new species in the genus described: A. 
varius, A. tardus, A. marcidus, ‘A. mixtus, A. interruptus, A. scriptus, 
A. desertus, A, capax, A. abnormis, A. fumidus, A. brevistylus. 


REVUE BIOLOGIQUE DU NORD DE LA FRANCE, 4€ Annee, No. 1, Octo- 
ber, 1891.—The Hymenopterocecids of the Willow, by Dr. H: Fockeu. 


STUDI DELLA REGIA STAZIONE DI ENTOMOLOGIA AGRARIA DI FIRENZE, 
1891.—April, 15, New Insecticide Emulsions, by A. Targioni-Tozzetti and 
Dr. G. del Guercio. June 28, Experiments undertaken to determine the 
endurance of young vegetables against the action of various mixed in- 
secticides, id. July 16, On the resistance to insecticides by the tender 
shoots and fruits of the Appie, Pear, Plum, Peach, Lemon and Celastrus 
in the struggle against noxious Lepidoptera and Aphids, id. 


L’AUXILIARE DE L’APICULTEUR, September, 1891, Amiens.—General 
ideas on the nature and physiology of the Bee, by Abbe Ulivi. esi 
parasites on the front of the head of bees, by A. Teynac. 


ANALES DE LA SOCIEDAD CIENTIFICA ARGENTINA, XXXii, 3, September, 
1891.—Dipterologia Argentina (Syrphidz), continued,* by F. L. sais 
zaga. 


ANIMALI ED INSETTI DEL TABACCO IN ERBA E DEL TApacéoGeeeo ur 
Ad. Targioni-Tozzetti, Direttore della R. Stanzione di Entomologia 


Agraria di Firenze. Firenze, Roma, tae Pp. Ixiv, 347, ‘Too text figures, 
3 lithographic plates. | ae 


* Contains new species other than North American, 


1891. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 211 


ANNALI DEL Museo Civico pi STORIA NATURALE DI GENOVA, Serie 
2, vii, 1889-90.—Expedition to Assab on the Red Sea of G. Doria and O. 
Beccari in the “‘ Esploratore”’ from Nov. 16, 1879, to February 26th;* iv. 
Coleoptera, by R. Gestro. Expedition of Leonardo Fea in Burmah and 
the neighboring region; xv. First studies on Cicindela,* by R. Gestro; 
xvi. On some Carabidz,*t by H. W. Bates; xvii. List of the Phytopha- 
gous Coleoptera,*f by M. Jacoby; xx. Formicidz, by C. Emery, 2 plates; 
xxi. Arachnida Arthrogastri, by T. Thorell, 1 pl.; xxii. Aradidz, by E. 

- Bergroth, 1 plate. On some Cetonids collected by Dr. Elio Modigliani on 
the west coast of Sumatra,* by R. Gestro. Description of new species 
of Histeridz,* by J. Schmidt. Enumeration of the Haliplidz, Dytiscidze 
and Gyrinidz, collected by Prof. L. Balzan in South America,* by M. 
Regimbart. New or little-known Lycidze from the Museo Civico di Ge- 
nova,* second memoir, first part, by J. Bourgeois. List of the Phyto- 
phagous Coleoptera collected by Signor Modigliani at Nias and Sumatra, 
with descriptions of the new species,*t by M. Jacoby. Three new Sil- 
phidz from Italy,* by E. Reitter. On some Italian cave-dwelling Myri- 
apoda collected by Sig. A. Vacca and R. Barberi,* by R. Latzel. On 
some Formicide of the Palaearctic fauna,* by C. Emery. Odonata of 
Sumatra, comprising the species collected at Pulo Nias by Dr. E. Modig- 
liani,*¢ by E. de Selys-Longchamps—viii. 1889-90, Studies on Malaysian 
and Papuan Spiders: Part iv. Spiders of Indo-Malaysia collected by O. 
Beccari, G. Doria, H. Forbes, J. G. H. Kinberg and others,*f by T. 
Thoréll.—ix. 1889-90, Res Ligusticze; xi. Contributions to our knowledge 
of the Chilopoda of Liguria,* by R. I. Pocock. Three new species of 
Zephronia from the Oriental region,* id. Descriptions of two new species 
of Malachiidz,* by E. Abeille_de Perrin. Expedition of Leonardo Fea 
in Burmah and the surrounding region: xxiii. Nitidulide,* by A. Grou- 
velle. Description of a new species of Cucujid belonging to the Museo 
Civico di Genova,* id. Revision of the Pseudoscorpions of the basins 
of the Parana and Paraguay Rivers in South America, by L. Balzan;*t 5 
plates. Hymenoptera of Syria collected by Augusto Medana, Italian 
Consul at Tripoli in Syria, with descriptions of some new species,* by P. 
Magretti. 


REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE DU BOURBONNAIS, etc., iv, 10, October, 1891.— 
The fossil insects of Commentry, by E. Olivier; 1 plate. 


Le NATURALISTE (Paris), Oct: 15, 1891.—Descriptions of new Lepid- 
optera,* by P. Dognin. Description of the caterpillar of Spilodes verti- 
calis L., by P. Chretien. 


ENTOMOLOGISCHE NACHRICHTEN (Berlin), xvii, 20, October, 1891.— 
Eight new Aeschnide, by Dr. F. Karsch; Aeschna furcifera, Mexico, n. 
sp. Holomelia mirabilis, a curiosity among Coleoptera,*+ by E. Brenske. 
The Erichsonian coleopterous genera Monotropus and Lasiopsis, id. The 
genus Perissoneura, by R. MacLachlan. 


* Contains new species other than North American. | + Contains new genera. 


212 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [December, 


BIOLOGISCHES CENTRALBLATT (Erlangen), Oct. 15, 1891. —On S. Ex- 
ner’s physiology of the facetted eyes in crabs and insects, by Herr Z 


TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE (The Hague), xxxiii, 3, 4, 1890.- es 
Catalogue of the Aranez found in Holland, second supplement, by A’ 
W. M. Van Hasselt. List of the Lepidoptera collected by Mr. H. B. 


Van Rhijn in Sumatra,* by P. C. T. Snellen. Some new Pediculini,* by 
E. Piaget; 3 plates. Remark on Phyllopteryx elongata Snell., by C. 
Ritsema Cz. Addition to the ‘‘ Comparative Studies on Ant Guests and 


Termite Guests,”’ by E. Wasmann. Remarks on Lepidoptera trom the 


island of Tanah-Djampea near Celebes,* by P. C. T. Snellen; 1 plate. 
Remarks on Lepidoptera from the island of Belitoeng [near Sumatra],* 
id.; 1 plate. Apogonia destructor n. sp., by Dr. H. Bos; 2 plates. Some 
remarks on a study by Mr. David Sharp on the structure of the proster- 
num in the Rhynchophoride, by E. Everts; 1 plate. List of the spinners 
[Arachnids] collected by Dr. A. M. J. Bolsius at Soemenep in ae island 
of Madura, by Dr. A. W. M. Van Hasselt. 


HIsTOIRE PHYSIQUE, NATURELLE ET POLITIQUE DE MADAGASCAR, 
publiee par Alfred Grandidier. Vol. xxii, Histoire Naturelle des Cole- 
opteres, par M. Kunckel d’Herculais. Tome II—Atlas, 2e Partie. Paris, 
1890; plates 26-54. ' 


ENTOMOLOGISKE MEDDELELSER (Copenhagen), Tredie Bind, 1, 2, ’91. 
—Catalogue of the Coleoptera of Denmark (Staphylinide, Part III), by 
F. Meinert. Aembex rostrata, its life and instincts, by C. Wesenberg- 
Lund. Notes on the entomological fauna of Greenland, by W. Lundbeck. 
On Jéalia Latr.,* by H. Borries. Pediculus humanus L., and its mouth- 
parts, by F. Meinert; 1 plate. Review of the Danish Chrysididz, by H. 
Borries. 


BIBLIOTHECA ZOOLOGICA (Cassel), viii, 1, 1891. Researches on mimicry 
as a basis for a natural system of Papilionide, by Dr. E. Hasse (to be 


continued). ix, 1891. Contributions to the knowledge of the Chilopods — 


(glands, coxal organs, vascular system and visceral nerve system), by, 
Dr. C. Herbst; 5 pial 


Doings of Societies. 


THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SocIETY OF WASHINGTON, Oct. 1, 1891.—The 
following persons were elected members of the Society: E. W. Doran, 
A. G. Nasius, F. C. Test. W. T. Swingle, active members; H. E. Weed, 
W. H. Harrington, E. A. Popenoe, corresponding members. — 

Mr. Heidemand exhibited some interesting new species of Capsidz 
taken the past season on Red Cedar, Willow and Linden. 


* Contains new species other than North American. 


1891. | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 213 


Mr. Ulke exhibited and remarked on the habits of a number of rare or 
new aquatic Coleoptera found by him the past Summer in the Blue Ridge 
Mountains, near Monterey, Md. 

Mr. Ulke also exhibited a pale larviform female of a speties of Phen- 
godes which he found abundantly in the Blue Ridge Mountains, no males, 
however, being discovered. The species was thought, by Prof. Riley, to 
be PA. daticollis, and the relative abundance of the males and females of 
Phengodes was discussed by Riley and others. 

Mr. Schwarz exhibited specimens of Emphylus americanus taken by 
H. H. Hubbard and himself in a colony of Formica sanguinea near Alta, 
Utah, at an elevation of about gooo feet. 

Mr. Ashmead read a paper on the peculiar Chalcid genus Meditobia 


- Westw., in which he discussed (1) its synonymy with Anthophorabia 


Newport, concluding that M/e/itobia should take precedence; (2) its struc- 
ture and position in a classificatory system, deciding that it belongs to the 
subfamily Tetrastichinzee and not with the Elachistine, where it is now 
placed; and (3) its habits, recording the rearing of MZ. megachilis Pack. 
from Megachile centuncularis Linn., M. pelopei Ashm. from Celopeus 
cementaria in Kansas by Prof. Popenoe and in Florida by himself; and a 
new species which he described as MV. chalybii, bred from the cells of 
Chalybeon ceruleum taken in Maryland. 

Discussed by Messrs. Howard, Theo. Gill, Riley, Schwarz and others. 

Dr. Marx presented a paper entitled ‘‘ Preliminary Notes on the Classi- 
fication of the Ixodidz,’’ in which he discussed the views of previous 
authors on the classification of these parasites and concluded to accept 
with some modification the scheme of Koch as follows: Order, Acari; 
Suborder, Cynorhastes; Tribe I, Cetocari with families, Argasidze and 
Eschetorephalidez ; Tribe II, Antiocari with families Hzmelastaride, 
Ixodidz and Rhipistomide. 

The paper also included generic synopses of the genera of the several 
families. The scheme differs from Koch’s in adding one new family, and 
suppressing one genus and adding three new ones. The paper was dis- 
cussed by Prof. Gill and others. 


Mr. Howard read a note on the ‘‘ Appearance of Mealy Bugs parasitized 
by Leptomastix,’’ in which he referred to the habits of the species of this 
Encytrid genus of Chalcid parasites, and said that his attention had been 
recently called by Miss Sullivan to the curious fact that Mealy Bugs para- 
sitized by Z. dactylopii almost entirely lose their waxy secretion and swell 
up into yellow objects closely resembling dipterous puparia, which resem- 
blance is heightened by the fact that the parasite in issuing cuts free a cap 
at the end of the scale just as the Dipterous insect forces off the end of 
its puparium. Discussed my Messrs. Riley, Ashmead and Howard. 

Prof. Fernow gave a report on the results in Europe of the use of the 
new insect lime against Psi/ura monacha the use of which he stated had 
been a perfect success. He described the process of quarantining infested 
areas by surrounding them with poles which are then smeared with the 


214 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. Decent 


lime, and also various machines used to apply the diinie to thecal cl 
by Prof. Riley and others. ; ie 

Prof. Riley presented a paper entitled “‘A New Herbarium Pes 
which he described the transformations and habits of a small Geomett 
moth (Carphonera pelearia nov. gen. et sp.) which, during the last tw 
years, has seriously infested and damaged the herbarium specimens in the 
Botanical Division of the Agricultural Department. These larvae were 
first noted on plants from the southwest United States, and have confined ~ 
their work in the main to plants from that section, but are also spreading 
to eastern plants. A list of the particularly infested plants furnished by 
Mr. Dewey, of the Botanical Division, was given. A description of the 
insect, which is a new species and will require a new genus for its recep- 
tion, was given, and figures of all stages were exhibited. Various means | 
tor the control of this pest were given (see “Insect Life,” iv, Nos. 3and 4). 

Prof. Riley gave some additional notes on Panch/ora viridis, in which 
he referred to the receipt of two additional specimens, one from-Gustave — ; 
Gutenberg, of Pittsburg, and the other from Carl Gissler, of Brooklyn. 
The first of these, shortly after capture, gave birth to a number of living 
young and afterwards extruded an imperfect egg-cluster including a num- ea 
ber of unhatched eggs; and the other, on dissection, was found to contain aaa 
a perfect egg-cluster with the young nearly mature and ready to emerge. 

This egg-cluster, which differs widely from that of the other roaches, was 
described and a figure of it exhibited. - 

Prof. Riley described the modifications of the abdomen in Panchlora 
which afforded the space necessary for the escape and pre-natal Sar / 
ment of the young within the abdomen. 

The enveloping egg-sac of other roaches was in this species reduced to 
a scarcely discernible pellicle, which did not cover the eggs entire, but _ 
was limited to the inner or concave half of the egg-mass (see “Insect 
Life,’’ iv, Nos. 3 and 4). 


Po Das fg 


C. L. MARLATT, Recording Secretary. rs ‘Sa 


ERRATA.—Vol. II. 


Page 177, 7th line from bottom, for inseption read inspection. 
‘* 180, 5th line from top, for do read no. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws for November was mailed October 29, 1891. 


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